scholarly journals Moderate exercise training provides left ventricular tolerance to acute pressure overload

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. H1044-H1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Moreira-Gonçalves ◽  
Tiago Henriques-Coelho ◽  
Hélder Fonseca ◽  
Rita Maria Ferreira ◽  
Francisco Amado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderate Exercise Training

The present study evaluated the impact of moderate exercise training on the cardiac tolerance to acute pressure overload. Male Wistar rats were randomly submitted to exercise training or sedentary lifestyle for 14 wk. At the end of this period, the animals were anaesthetized, mechanically ventilated, and submitted to hemodynamic evaluation with biventricular tip pressure manometers. Acute pressure overload was induced by banding the descending aorta to induce a 60% increase of peak systolic left ventricular pressure during 120 min. This resulted in the following experimental groups: 1) sedentary without banding (SED + Sham), 2) sedentary with banding (SED + Band), and 3) exercise trained with banding (EX + Band). In response to aortic banding, SED + Band animals could not sustain the 60% increase of peak systolic pressure for 120 min, even with additional narrowing of the banding. This was accompanied by a reduction of dP/d tmax and dP/d tmin and a prolongation of the time constant tau, indicating impaired systolic and diastolic function. This impairment was not observed in EX + Band ( P < 0.05 vs. SED + Band). Additionally, compared with SED + Band, EX + Band presented less myocardial damage, exhibited attenuated protein expression of active caspase-3 and NF-κB ( P < 0.016), and showed less protein carbonylation and nitration ( P < 0.05). These findings support our hypothesis that exercise training has a protective role in the modulation of the early cardiac response to pressure overload.

Minimally invasive aortic banding in mice: effects of altered cardiomyocyte insulin signaling during pressure overload

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (3) ◽  
pp. H1261-H1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Hu ◽  
Dongfang Zhang ◽  
LeAnne Swenson ◽  
Gopa Chakrabarti ◽  
E. Dale Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Surgical Morbidity ◽  
Aortic Banding

We developed a minimally invasive method for producing left ventricular (LV) pressure overload in mice. With the use of this technique, we quickly and reproducibly banded the transverse aorta with low surgical morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive transverse aortic banding (MTAB) acutely and chronically increased LV systolic pressure, increased heart weight-to-body weight ratio, and induced myocardial fibrosis. We used this technique to determine whether reduced insulin signaling in the heart altered the cardiac response to pressure overload. Mice with cardiac myocyte-restricted knockout of the insulin receptor (CIRKO) have smaller hearts than wild-type (WT) controls. Four weeks after MTAB, WT and CIRKO mice had comparably increased LV systolic pressure, increased cardiac mass, and induction of mRNA for β-myosin heavy chain and atrial natriuretic factor. However, CIRKO hearts were more dilated, had depressed LV systolic function by echocardiography, and had greater interstitial fibrosis than WT mice. Expression of connective tissue growth factor was increased in banded CIRKO hearts compared with WT hearts. Thus lack of insulin signaling in the heart accelerates the transition to a more decompensated state during cardiac pressure overload. The use of the MTAB approach should facilitate the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of pressure-overload hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Moderate Exercise Training Improves Survival and Ventricular Remodeling in an Animal Model of Left Ventricular Volume Overload

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Lachance ◽  
Éric Plante ◽  
Andrée-Anne Bouchard-Thomassin ◽  
Serge Champetier ◽  
Élise Roussel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Left Ventricular Volume ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Volume Overload ◽  
Ventricular Volume ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Moderate Exercise Training

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF GLYCEMIA ON SHORT-TERM PROGNOSIS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION WITHOUT ANAMNESIS OF 2ND TYPE DIABETES

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
K. K. Kholmatova ◽  
I. V. Dvoryashina ◽  
T. V. Supryadkina
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Glucose Metabolism Disorders ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Impact

Aim. To estimate the impact of glycemia recorded during myocardial infarction (MI) in-patient care on short-term prognosis of patients without 2nd type diabetes mellitus (2DM).Material and methods. Totally 296 patients were prospectively investigated. According to glucose levels patients were divided into three groups: 1st with ≤4,0 mM/l (7,4%); 2nd with 4,01–7,79 mM/l (69,9%); 3rd with ≥7,8 mM/l (22,6%). The rate of glucose metabolism disorders and complications during in-hospital care were studied.Results. In 2/3 of patients with glycemia ≥7,8 mM/l at hospitalization, later the changes of glucose metabolism were found by glucosetolerance test: prediabetes (36,9%), 2DM (32,3%). In the patients of 3rd group significantly higher was the rate of 3-vessel disease (41,8%) anf MI complications: congestive left-ventricular failure — 52,2% vs 27,3% in the 1st group and 34,1% in the second (p=0,017), cardiogenic shock — 26,9% vs 4,5% and 6,8% (p<0,001), conduction disorders — 27,3% vs 9,1% and 11,7% (p=0,006), in-hospital mortality — 13,8% vs 4,5% and 4,4% (p=0,025). The risk of death in subjects with glycemia ≥7,8 mM/l was 3,48 (95% CI: 1,41–8,60) times higher than in normoglycemic (p=0,007). The glycemia was independently linked with complications of MI during in-hospital period: OR = 1,128; 95% CI: 1,005–1,266 (p=0,042), — as also with the age, severity of myocardial damage and systolic pressure at admittance.Conclusion. There was higher prevalence of MI complications and 3 times higher risk of death in patients without 2DM, but having ≥7,8 mM/l glucose (22,6% of patients) at admittance. The glycemia parameter was an independent predictor for unfavorable prognosis of MI without previous 2DM diagnosis and should be used as part of secondary prevention care.

scholarly journals Treatment of Left Ventricular Circulation Disorder: Application of Echocardiography Information Data Monitoring

10.2196/19110 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. e19110
Author(s):  
Yulong Chen ◽  
Jianxia Du ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Qiancheng Li ◽  
Ming Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group

Background Cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload is one of the important causes of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. At present, there are few studies on the outcome of left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular function after complete pressure load removal. Objective This study aims to better simulate the changes of left ventricular structure and function during the process of left ventricular pressure overload and deloading, and to explore the application of echocardiography in it. Methods In this study, healthy male (BALB/C) mice were used as research objects to establish an ascending aorta constriction model, to carry out echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations, to establish an ascending aorta deconstriction model in mice, and to carry out echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations. Results Compared with the sham operation group, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septal (IVS), and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) in the constriction operation group were significantly increased (P=.02, P=.02, P=.02, and P=.02, respectively). LVESD, LVEDD, IVS, and LVPW in the early and late constriction groups were significantly decreased, and the degree of decrease in the early group was greater than that in the late group; compared with the sham operation group, left ventricular diastolic pressure in the constriction operation group increased significantly at 9 and 15 weeks after operation (P=.03). Left ventricular systolic pressure at 15 weeks after operation decreased to a certain extent but was higher than that of the sham operation group (P=.02). The maximal rate of the increase of left ventricular pressure at 3 weeks, 9 weeks, and 15 weeks after operation decreased significantly (P=.03, P=.02, and P=.02, respectively). Conclusions In this study, the ascending aorta coarctation model and descending aorta coarctation model were successfully established, which verifies the value of echocardiography information data monitoring in the treatment of left ventricular circulation disorders and the evaluation of surgical treatment.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Thyroid Hormone Deprivation on Progression of Maladaptive Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Kerp ◽  
Georg Sebastian Hönes ◽  
Elen Tolstik ◽  
Judith Hönes-Wendland ◽  
Janina Gassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: Thyroid hormones (TH) play a central role for cardiac function. TH influence heart rate and cardiac contractility, and altered thyroid function is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The precise role of TH in onset and progression of heart failure still requires clarification.Methods: Chronic left ventricular pressure overload was induced in mouse hearts by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). One week after TAC, alteration of TH status was induced and the impact on cardiac disease progression was studied longitudinally over 4 weeks in mice with hypo- or hyperthyroidism and was compared to euthyroid TAC controls. Serial assessment was performed for heart function (2D M-mode echocardiography), heart morphology (weight, fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area), and molecular changes in heart tissues (TH target gene expression, apoptosis, and mTOR activation) at 2 and 4 weeks.Results: In diseased heart, subsequent TH restriction stopped progression of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy and improved cardiac function. In contrast and compared to euthyroid TAC controls, increased TH availability after TAC propelled maladaptive cardiac growth and development of heart failure. This was accompanied by a rise in cardiomyocyte apoptosis and mTOR pathway activation.Conclusion: This study shows, for the first time, a protective effect of TH deprivation against progression of pathological cardiac hypertrophy and development of congestive heart failure in mice with left ventricular pressure overload. Whether this also applies to the human situation needs to be determined in clinical studies and would infer a critical re-thinking of management of TH status in patients with hypertensive heart disease.

Adaptation of the left ventricle to exercise-induced hypertrophy

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. White ◽  
M. D. McKirnan ◽  
E. A. Breisch ◽  
B. D. Guth ◽  
Y. M. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Moderate Exercise Training

Cardiac functional and structural adaptations to exercise-induced hypertrophy were studied in 68 pigs. Pigs were exercise trained on a treadmill for 10 wk. Sequential measurements were made of cardiac dimensions, [left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (EDD), changes in diameter (delta D%), wall thickness (WTh), wall thickening (WTh%), left ventricular pressure (LVP), time derivative of pressure (dP/dt), stroke volume, total body O2 consumption (VO2), blood gases, and systemic hemodynamics] at rest and during moderate and severe exercise. Postmortem studies included morphometric measurements of capillary density, arteriolar density, mitochondria, and myofibrils. All of the exercise-trained pigs showed significant increases in aerobic capacity. Maximum O2 consumption (VO2 max) increased by 37.5% in group 1 (moderate exercise training) and 34% in group 3 (heavy exercise training). Cardiac hypertrophy ranged from less than 15% in a group (n = 8) subjected to moderate exercise training to greater than 30% in a group (n = 11) subjected to heavy exercise training. Before training, exercise was characterized by a decreasing EDD during progressive exercise; this was reversed after exercise training. Stroke volume and end-diastolic volumes during exercise showed a highly significant increase after exercise training and hypertrophy. Morphometric measurements showed that mitochondria and cell membranes increased with increasing myocyte growth in all exercise groups, but there was only a partially compensated adaptation of capillary proliferation. Arteriolar number and length increased in all exercise groups. Intrinsic contractility as measured by delta D%, WTh%, or left ventricular dP/dt did not increase with exercise training and in some instances decreased. Therefore, left ventricular adaptation to strenuous exercise in the pig heart is primarily one of changes in left ventricular dimensions and a compensated hypertrophy. Exercise-induced increases in EDD and stroke volume can be accounted for by decreases in peripheral resistance and increased cardiac dimensions.

Chronic pressure overload hypertrophy decreases direct ventricular interaction

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. H347-H357 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Slinker ◽  
A. C. Chagas ◽  
S. A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Size ◽  
Left Ventricular Size ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Interaction

We studied the relative roles of direct (via the interventricular septum) and series (via the pulmonary circulation) ventricular interaction in hearts with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy by using statistical models to analyze the transient responses in right and left ventricular pressures and dimensions to occlusions of the venae cava and pulmonary artery in five open-chest anesthetized dogs. The left ventricles of these dogs had moderate concentric hypertrophy (31% increase in mass) induced by 3 mo of renovascular hypertension [peak left ventricular pressure = 160 +/- 13 (SD) mmHg]. At end diastole we found that direct interaction was only about one-tenth as important as series interaction in determining left ventricular size with the pericardium around the heart. At end systole we found that direct interaction was about one-fifth as important as the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship in determining left ventricular size. Removing the pericardium decreased the importance of direct interaction. Direct interaction is less important in these hearts than in normal hearts, probably because the septum is thicker and, hence, less distensible. This change in the relative importance of direct ventricular interaction with hypertrophy complicates comparison of pressure-volume relationships between normal and hypertrophied hearts.

Abstract 458: Moderate Exercise Training Attenuates Isoproterenol-Induced Myocardial Injury by Activating Nrf2-Signaling

2017 ◽  
Vol 121 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gobinath Shanmugam ◽  
Madhusudhanan Narasimhan ◽  
Robbie Conley ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Radhakrishnan ◽  
Silvio H Litovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Myocardial Damage ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Moderate Exercise Training

Background: Nuclear erythroid-2 like factor-2 (Nrf2), a master transcriptional regulator of antioxidants, is critical to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. We recently reported that exercise training activates Nrf2/antioxidant signaling in the heart. Isoproterenol (ISO) mediated structural, and functional changes in the heart involve oxidative stress. Here, we tested a hypothesis that moderate exercise training will protect the myocardium from isoproterenol-induced injury by augmenting Nrf2-dependent antioxidant defense system. Methods: Age- and sex-matched WT (C57/BL6) mice (6-8 months old) were subjected to moderate exercise training (MET) on a treadmill for 6 weeks (60 min/day; 10m/min; 0% grade). Randomly assigned untrained (UNT) and trained (MET) animals were intraperitoneally injected (at the start of 6 th week) with 50 mg of isoproterenol/kg.bw./day for 7 consecutive days. MET was continued during ISO administration and the animals (UNT + PBS, UNT + ISO; MET + ISO) underwent echocardiography analysis. Heart tissues were collected for histopathology, Nrf2-ARE promoter binding assay (Active-motif TransAM kit), antioxidant gene (qPCR) and protein (Immunoblotting) levels, and glutathione redox status. Results: ISO administration significantly reduced the Nrf2 promoter activity (p<0.05) and downregulated the expression of cardiac antioxidant genes ( Gclc, Nqo1, Cat, Gsr and Gst-μ ) in UNT mice. Further, increased oxidative stress with severe myocardial injury was evident in UNT+ISO when compared to UNT mice receiving PBS under basal condition. Interestingly, MET stabilized the Nrf2-promoter activity and promoted the expression of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant genes and proteins animals receiving ISO, and thereby attenuated the oxidative stress-induced myocardial damage. Echocardiography analysis showed impaired systolic/diastolic ventricular volumes coupled with decreased cardiac output in UNT+ISO mice, but this was normalized in exercise-trained animals. Conclusion: Thus moderate exercise training conferred protection against ISO-induced myocardial injury by augmentation of Nrf2-antioxidant signaling and attenuation of redox perturbations.

scholarly journals Treatment of Left Ventricular Circulation Disorder: Application of Echocardiography Information Data Monitoring (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulong Chen ◽  
Jianxia Du ◽  
Xiao Sun ◽  
Qiancheng Li ◽  
Ming Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sham Operation Group ◽  
Operation Group

BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy induced by pressure overload is one of the important causes of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. At present, there are few studies on the outcome of left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular function after complete pressure load removal. OBJECTIVE This study aims to better simulate the changes of left ventricular structure and function during the process of left ventricular pressure overload and deloading, and to explore the application of echocardiography in it. METHODS In this study, healthy male (BALB/C) mice were used as research objects to establish an ascending aorta constriction model, to carry out echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations, to establish an ascending aorta deconstriction model in mice, and to carry out echocardiographic and hemodynamic examinations. RESULTS Compared with the sham operation group, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), interventricular septal (IVS), and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) in the constriction operation group were significantly increased (<i>P</i>=.02, <i>P</i>=.02, <i>P</i>=.02, and <i>P</i>=.02, respectively). LVESD, LVEDD, IVS, and LVPW in the early and late constriction groups were significantly decreased, and the degree of decrease in the early group was greater than that in the late group; compared with the sham operation group, left ventricular diastolic pressure in the constriction operation group increased significantly at 9 and 15 weeks after operation (<i>P</i>=.03). Left ventricular systolic pressure at 15 weeks after operation decreased to a certain extent but was higher than that of the sham operation group (<i>P</i>=.02). The maximal rate of the increase of left ventricular pressure at 3 weeks, 9 weeks, and 15 weeks after operation decreased significantly (<i>P</i>=.03, <i>P</i>=.02, and <i>P</i>=.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In this study, the ascending aorta coarctation model and descending aorta coarctation model were successfully established, which verifies the value of echocardiography information data monitoring in the treatment of left ventricular circulation disorders and the evaluation of surgical treatment.

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