In Vitro Metabolism of Fatty Acids by Adipose and Liver Tissue of the Adrenalectomized Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Liver Slices

The utilization of acetate and octanoate by adipose tissue from rats 1 and 2 weeks postadrenalectomy has been studied. In addition, acetate incorporation into liver fatty acids and ketogenesis by liver slices from 2-week postoperative animals has been measured. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive loss of fat from adipose tissue. At 1-week postadrenalectomy the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue did not differ from the control preparations but was much increased 2 weeks after adrenalectomy. At this time there was no increase in utilization of added octanoic acid by the adipose tissue and neither at 1 nor at 2 weeks was the production of CO2 from either acetate or octanoic significantly different from normal. Liver slices from 2-week adrenalectomized animals had a markedly defective ability to incorporate acetate into liver fatty acids similar to that previously noted in 1-week animals. However, liver slice preparation from 2-week adrenalectomized rats showed increased ketone body formation, indicating increased fatty acid utilization by the liver. It is suggested that there is a gradual mobilization of fat from the depots to the liver in the adrenalectomized rat with increased utilization of fat by the liver.

Precision-cut Guinea-pig Liver Slices as a Tool for Studying the Toxicity of Volatile Anaesthetics

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1_part_1) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Hanan N. Ghantous ◽  
Jeanne Fernando ◽  
Scott E. Morgan ◽  
A. Jay Gandolfi ◽  
Klaus Brandel
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Volatile Anaesthetics ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Guinea Pig Liver ◽  
Krebs Henseleit Buffer

Cultured precision-cut liver slices retain normal liver architecture and physiological biochemical functions. Hartley male guinea-pig liver slices have proven to be a good model for studying the biotransformation and toxicity of halothane. This system was used to evaluate the biotransformation and toxicity of different volatile anaesthetics (halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane), and compare their effects to those of new anaesthetics (desflurane). Liver slices (250–300μm thick) were incubated in sealed roller vials, containing Krebs Henseleit buffer at 37°C under 95% O2:5% CO2 atmosphere. Volatile anaesthetics were delivered by volatilisation after pre-incubation for 1 hour to produce a constant concentration in the medium. Production of the metabolites, trifluroacetic acid and fluoride ion, was measured. Intracellular potassium ion content, protein synthesis and secretion were determined as indicators of viability of the slices. The rank order of biotransformation of anaesthetics by the liver slices was halothane >sevoflurane>isoflurane and enflurane>desflurane. The rank order of hepatotoxicity of these anaesthetics was halothane>isoflurane and enflurane>sevoflurane and desflurane. Halothane is the anaesthetic which is metabolised furthest and has the most toxic effect, while desflurane is the least metabolised anaesthetic and has the least toxicity. This in vitro cultured precision-cut liver slice system appears to be suitable for studying the biotransformation of volatile anaesthetics and correlating its role in the resulting toxicity.

Fatty Acid Utilization by Adrenalectomized Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The production of radioactive CO2 by intact and adrenalectomized rats given 1 C14 octanoic acid and the production of radioactive CO2 and radioactive acetoacetic acid by surviving liver slices from adrenalectomized and unoperated rats using 1 C14 octanoic acid as substrate have been studied. It was found that the CO2 production and acetoacetic acid production in vitro and CO2 production in vivo did not differ in the two types of animals. These results suggest that the adrenalectomized rat does not utilize fatty acids at a higher than normal rate and that the previously reported decreased incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by the liver slices from adrenalectomized rats is a reflection of decreased hepatic lipogenesis.

THE UTILIZATION OF ACETATE BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATED RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Old Rats

The effect of growth hormone on the in vitro incorporation of C14 acetate into fatty acids, carbon dioxide, and cholesterol by liver and adipose tissue from young, adult, and old rats was studied.In all three age groups of animals, growth hormone was found to depress the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by liver slices but the CO2 production was unaffected. In both young and old animals growth hormone did not significantly alter the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids and CO2 by preparations of adipose tissue, but did result in a decline in the fat content of the adipose tissue. It was noted that the CO2 production from acetate was much less with adipose tissue from old rats than with similar preparations from young rats.Incorporation of acetate into cholesterol was unaffected by growth hormone in young and old animals but was significantly increased in liver slices from adult animals.

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE UTILIZATION OF [U-14C]GLUCOSE AND [1-14C]ACETATE BY GOAT ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ŠKARDA ◽  
S. BARTOŠ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
High Concentrations

SUMMARY No change in the rate of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose by the adipose tissue of goats was found in vitro, even in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1 and 10 m-u./ml.) when glucose was the only substrate in the medium. However, it was demonstrated that in the presence of acetate as little as 10 μu. insulin/ml. exerted a marked effect on glucose oxidation. The most significant effect of insulin was that on the rate of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in the presence of glucose. These findings support the suggestion that the significance of insulin in ruminants is best demonstrated by its effects on the rate of utilization of acetate in the presence of glucose by adipose tissue.

THE UTILIZATION OF ACETATE BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATED RATS OF DIFFERENT AGES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Old Rats

The effect of growth hormone on the in vitro incorporation of C14 acetate into fatty acids, carbon dioxide, and cholesterol by liver and adipose tissue from young, adult, and old rats was studied.In all three age groups of animals, growth hormone was found to depress the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by liver slices but the CO2 production was unaffected. In both young and old animals growth hormone did not significantly alter the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids and CO2 by preparations of adipose tissue, but did result in a decline in the fat content of the adipose tissue. It was noted that the CO2 production from acetate was much less with adipose tissue from old rats than with similar preparations from young rats.Incorporation of acetate into cholesterol was unaffected by growth hormone in young and old animals but was significantly increased in liver slices from adult animals.

Utilization of fatty acids by rat liver slices as a function of medium concentration

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Rose ◽  
Martha Vaughan ◽  
Daniel Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Precursor Pool ◽  
Liver Slices

The rate of incorporation of palmitate-1-C14 into neutral lipids and phospholipids of rat liver slices in vitro and its conversion to C14O2 were shown to increase markedly as the free fatty acid (FFA) concentration of the medium was increased. Incorporation into lipids and conversion to C14O2 proceeded linearly with time over 60 min. The incorporation of glycerol-1,3-C14 into neutral lipids also increased as the FFA concentration of the medium was increased but incorporation into phospholipids was unchanged. It is concluded that high FFA concentrations cause a true increase in rate of neutral lipid synthesis by liver slices. The associated increase in incorporation of labeled palmitate into phospholipids most likely reflects the higher specific radioactivity of the precursor pool of FFA and/or an exchange reaction rather than a true increase in net synthesis. A method for recovering tissue FFA quantitatively is described. Normal liver was found to contain 0.40–0.87 µEq FFA/g wet wt. The composition of this tissue FFA fraction is presented.

ACETATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS FASTED IN THE COLD

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
William F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Glucose Supplementation

The in vitro incorporation of 1-C14 and 2-C14 acetate into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver and adipose tissue was studied in rats fasted at 5 °C. for 24 hours. Compared with fed rats at room temperature, there was a marked decrease in the incorporation of the acetate carbons into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver tissue. A pronounced decrease in acetate incorporation into fatty acid was also noted with adipose tissue from these same animals, but only a slight decrease in incorporation into carbon dioxide. Addition of glucose to the incubation medium caused increases in fatty acid formation by liver and adipose tissue from both normal and fasted animals, but glucose supplementation, while increasing the incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by liver tissue from cold fasted rats, did not affect carbon dioxide production by liver tissue from normal animals. Incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by adipose tissue was unaffected by glucose supplementation with tissue from both normal and cold fasted rats.

Effects of Acipimox, a Nicotinic Acid Derivative, on Lipolysis in Human Adipose Tissue and on Cholesterol Synthesis in Human Jejunal Mucosa

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stirling ◽  
M. McAleer ◽  
J. P. D. Reckless ◽  
R. R. Campbell ◽  
D. Mundy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Precursor Pool

1. The mode of action of acipimox (5-methyl-pyrazine carboxylic acid 4-oxide), an hypotriglyceridaemic agent, was examined in human adipose tissue and intestinal mucosa. 2. The rates of release of fatty acids and glycerol from human adipose tissue were measured in vitro. The release of fatty acids and glycerol from adipose tissue maximally stimulated by isoprenaline (10−5 mol/l) fell by 40 and 25% respectively (P<0.025 and P<0.025) in the presence of acipimox (10−5 mol/l). In submaximally stimulated adipose tissue (isoprenaline 10−7 mol/l) acipimox (10−4 mol/l) fully inhibited release of fatty acids (P<0.05) and glycerol (P<0.025) to basal rates. In unstimulated adipose tissue acipimox (10−3 mol/l) reduced the rate of glycerol release (P<0.05), but not the rate of fatty acid release. 3. Cholesterol synthesis in jejunal mucosa was measured in vitro by the incorporation of [2-14C]-acetate into sterols. Addition of cholesterol to the incubation reduced [2-14C]acetate incorporation into sterols from 8.7 ± 2.1 (mean ± standard error) to 3.7 ± 1.0 pmol h−1 mg−1 of tissue (P<0.01). Acipimox at 10−4-10−2 mmol/l had no consistent effect on cholesterol synthesis. 4. Acipimox appears to exert its main hypolipidaemic effect by reducing lipolysis and free fatty acid flux to the liver, thereby reducing the precursor pool size of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglyceride and VLDL synthesis.

ACETATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS FASTED IN THE COLD

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Glucose Supplementation

The in vitro incorporation of 1-C14 and 2-C14 acetate into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver and adipose tissue was studied in rats fasted at 5 °C. for 24 hours. Compared with fed rats at room temperature, there was a marked decrease in the incorporation of the acetate carbons into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver tissue. A pronounced decrease in acetate incorporation into fatty acid was also noted with adipose tissue from these same animals, but only a slight decrease in incorporation into carbon dioxide. Addition of glucose to the incubation medium caused increases in fatty acid formation by liver and adipose tissue from both normal and fasted animals, but glucose supplementation, while increasing the incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by liver tissue from cold fasted rats, did not affect carbon dioxide production by liver tissue from normal animals. Incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by adipose tissue was unaffected by glucose supplementation with tissue from both normal and cold fasted rats.

ACETATE AND OCTANOATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF CASTRATED AND GONADAL HORMONE-TREATED RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Treated Male

The incorporation of C14-labelled acetate into fatty acids and cholesterol was studied in vitro in castrated and gonadal hormone-treated male and female rats. Measurements were also made on the incorporation of C14-labelled octanoic acid into acetoacetic acid by liver tissue and the incorporation of acetate and octanoate into CO2.Castration in the male, but not in the female, was followed by an increased incorporation of acetate into both liver and adipose tissue fatty acids and into liver cholesterol.Testosterone treatment led to a decreased incorporation into fatty acids by liver tissue in the male, whereas estradiol treatment of the female led to an increase in the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by both liver and adipose tissue. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol was unaltered by hormone treatment in both sexes. The incorporation of octanoic acid into acetoacetic acid by liver tissue was decreased in the estradiol-treated female rat but was unaltered in the testosterone-treated male rat or by castration in either sex.

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