ACETATE AND OCTANOATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF CASTRATED AND GONADAL HORMONE-TREATED RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Treated Male

The incorporation of C14-labelled acetate into fatty acids and cholesterol was studied in vitro in castrated and gonadal hormone-treated male and female rats. Measurements were also made on the incorporation of C14-labelled octanoic acid into acetoacetic acid by liver tissue and the incorporation of acetate and octanoate into CO2.Castration in the male, but not in the female, was followed by an increased incorporation of acetate into both liver and adipose tissue fatty acids and into liver cholesterol.Testosterone treatment led to a decreased incorporation into fatty acids by liver tissue in the male, whereas estradiol treatment of the female led to an increase in the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by both liver and adipose tissue. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol was unaltered by hormone treatment in both sexes. The incorporation of octanoic acid into acetoacetic acid by liver tissue was decreased in the estradiol-treated female rat but was unaltered in the testosterone-treated male rat or by castration in either sex.

ACETATE AND OCTANOATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF CASTRATED AND GONADAL HORMONE-TREATED RATS

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1137-1142
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gonadal Hormone ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Treated Male

The incorporation of C14-labelled acetate into fatty acids and cholesterol was studied in vitro in castrated and gonadal hormone-treated male and female rats. Measurements were also made on the incorporation of C14-labelled octanoic acid into acetoacetic acid by liver tissue and the incorporation of acetate and octanoate into CO2.Castration in the male, but not in the female, was followed by an increased incorporation of acetate into both liver and adipose tissue fatty acids and into liver cholesterol.Testosterone treatment led to a decreased incorporation into fatty acids by liver tissue in the male, whereas estradiol treatment of the female led to an increase in the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by both liver and adipose tissue. Acetate incorporation into cholesterol was unaltered by hormone treatment in both sexes. The incorporation of octanoic acid into acetoacetic acid by liver tissue was decreased in the estradiol-treated female rat but was unaltered in the testosterone-treated male rat or by castration in either sex.

In Vitro Metabolism of Fatty Acids by Adipose and Liver Tissue of the Adrenalectomized Rat

1957 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Liver Slice ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Slice Preparation ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Liver Slices

The utilization of acetate and octanoate by adipose tissue from rats 1 and 2 weeks postadrenalectomy has been studied. In addition, acetate incorporation into liver fatty acids and ketogenesis by liver slices from 2-week postoperative animals has been measured. Adrenalectomy resulted in a progressive loss of fat from adipose tissue. At 1-week postadrenalectomy the incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by adipose tissue did not differ from the control preparations but was much increased 2 weeks after adrenalectomy. At this time there was no increase in utilization of added octanoic acid by the adipose tissue and neither at 1 nor at 2 weeks was the production of CO2 from either acetate or octanoic significantly different from normal. Liver slices from 2-week adrenalectomized animals had a markedly defective ability to incorporate acetate into liver fatty acids similar to that previously noted in 1-week animals. However, liver slice preparation from 2-week adrenalectomized rats showed increased ketone body formation, indicating increased fatty acid utilization by the liver. It is suggested that there is a gradual mobilization of fat from the depots to the liver in the adrenalectomized rat with increased utilization of fat by the liver.

ACETATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS FASTED IN THE COLD

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-241
Author(s):  
William F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Glucose Supplementation

The in vitro incorporation of 1-C14 and 2-C14 acetate into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver and adipose tissue was studied in rats fasted at 5 °C. for 24 hours. Compared with fed rats at room temperature, there was a marked decrease in the incorporation of the acetate carbons into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver tissue. A pronounced decrease in acetate incorporation into fatty acid was also noted with adipose tissue from these same animals, but only a slight decrease in incorporation into carbon dioxide. Addition of glucose to the incubation medium caused increases in fatty acid formation by liver and adipose tissue from both normal and fasted animals, but glucose supplementation, while increasing the incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by liver tissue from cold fasted rats, did not affect carbon dioxide production by liver tissue from normal animals. Incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by adipose tissue was unaffected by glucose supplementation with tissue from both normal and cold fasted rats.

ACETATE UTILIZATION BY LIVER AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF RATS FASTED IN THE COLD

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Glucose Supplementation

The in vitro incorporation of 1-C14 and 2-C14 acetate into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver and adipose tissue was studied in rats fasted at 5 °C. for 24 hours. Compared with fed rats at room temperature, there was a marked decrease in the incorporation of the acetate carbons into fatty acids and carbon dioxide by liver tissue. A pronounced decrease in acetate incorporation into fatty acid was also noted with adipose tissue from these same animals, but only a slight decrease in incorporation into carbon dioxide. Addition of glucose to the incubation medium caused increases in fatty acid formation by liver and adipose tissue from both normal and fasted animals, but glucose supplementation, while increasing the incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by liver tissue from cold fasted rats, did not affect carbon dioxide production by liver tissue from normal animals. Incorporation of acetate into carbon dioxide by adipose tissue was unaffected by glucose supplementation with tissue from both normal and cold fasted rats.

Maternal undernutrition programs the apelinergic system of adipose tissue in adult male rat offspring

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lecoutre ◽  
L. Marousez ◽  
A. Drougard ◽  
C. Knauf ◽  
C. Guinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Rat Offspring ◽  
Adult Male Rat

Based on the Developmental Origin of Health and Disease concept, maternal undernutrition has been shown to sensitize adult offspring to metabolic pathologies such as obesity. Using a model of maternal 70% food restriction in pregnant female rats throughout gestation (called FR30), we previously reported that obesity-prone adult male rat offspring displayed hyperleptinemia with modifications in leptin and leptin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in white adipose tissue (WAT). Apelin is a member of the adipokine family that regulates various aspects of energy metabolism and WAT functionality. We investigated whether apelin and its receptor APJ could be a target of maternal undernutrition. Adult male rat offspring from FR30 dams showed increased plasma apelin levels and apelin gene expression in WAT. Post-weaning high-fat diet led to marked increase in APJ mRNA and protein levels in offspring’s WAT. We demonstrate that maternal undernutrition and post-weaning diet have long-term consequences on the apelinergic system of adult male rat offspring.

scholarly journals Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissues and liver differ between horses and ponies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Adolph ◽  
Carola Schedlbauer ◽  
Dominique Blaue ◽  
Axel Schöniger ◽  
Claudia Gittel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Lipid Classes ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractFatty acids, as key components of cellular membranes and complex lipids, may play a central role in endocrine signalling and the function of adipose tissue and liver. Thus, the lipid fatty acid composition may play a role in health and disease status in the equine. This study aimed to investigate the fatty acid composition of different tissues and liver lipid classes by comparing Warmblood horses and Shetland ponies under defined conditions. We hypothesized that ponies show different lipid patterns than horses in adipose tissue, liver and plasma. Six Warmblood horses and six Shetland ponies were housed and fed under identical conditions. Tissue and blood sampling were performed following a standardized protocol. A one-step lipid extraction, methylation and trans-esterification method with subsequent gas chromatography was used to analyse the total lipid content and fatty acid profile of retroperitoneal, mesocolon and subcutaneous adipose tissue, liver and plasma. In the adipose tissues, saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and n-9 monounsaturated fatty acids (n-9 MUFAs) were most present in ponies and horses. N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFAs), followed by SFAs, were most frequently found in liver tissue and plasma in all animals. Horses, in comparison to ponies, had significantly higher n-6 PUFA levels in all tissues and plasma. In liver tissue, horses had significantly lower hepatic iso-branched-chain fatty acids (iso-BCFAs) than ponies. The hepatic fatty acid composition of selected lipid classes was different between horses and ponies. In the polar PL fraction, horses had low n-9 MUFA and n-3 PUFA contents but higher n-6 PUFA contents than ponies. Furthermore, iso-BCFAs are absent in several hepatic lipid fractions of horses but not ponies. The differences in fatty acid lipid classes between horses and ponies provide key information on the species- and location-specific regulation of FA metabolism, thus affecting health and disease risk.

Fatty Acid Utilization by Adrenalectomized Rats

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Perry ◽  
Helen F. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Octanoic Acid ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Utilization ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Adrenalectomized Rats

The production of radioactive CO2 by intact and adrenalectomized rats given 1 C14 octanoic acid and the production of radioactive CO2 and radioactive acetoacetic acid by surviving liver slices from adrenalectomized and unoperated rats using 1 C14 octanoic acid as substrate have been studied. It was found that the CO2 production and acetoacetic acid production in vitro and CO2 production in vivo did not differ in the two types of animals. These results suggest that the adrenalectomized rat does not utilize fatty acids at a higher than normal rate and that the previously reported decreased incorporation of acetate into fatty acids by the liver slices from adrenalectomized rats is a reflection of decreased hepatic lipogenesis.

INFLUENCE OF PERIODICITY OF EATING ON ADIPOSE TISSUE METABOLISM IN THE RAT

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Leveille ◽  
R. W. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Pyridine Nucleotide ◽  
Enzyme Synthesis ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Initial Weight Loss ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Carbohydrate And Lipid Metabolism

The effects of meal eating (a single 2-hour meal per day) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism were studied in rats. Food consumption was greater in rats fed ad libitum (nibblers); however, the rate of gain was similar for both groups after an initial weight loss for the meal eaters. Isolated adipose tissue from meal eaters converted more glucose to CO2, fatty acids, nonsaponifiable lipids, and glycogen than did tissue from nibbling animals. Acetate incorporation into fatty acids was also higher in adipose tissue from meal eaters. A higher level of pentose phosphate pathway activity in adipose tissue was indicated for meal-eating rats.Refeeding for up to 2 hours after a 22-hour fast resulted in increased lipogenesis in adipose tissue from meal eaters. Total oxidized pyridine nucleotide coenzyme (NAD–NADP) levels and the rate of glucose oxidation to CO2 in rat epididymal fat pads were found to decrease during the first 30 minutes of refeeding in meal eaters. Changes noted in metabolic pattern induced by refeeding were apparently not due to de novo enzyme synthesis. The significance of the adaptive changes noted is discussed.

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE UTILIZATION OF [U-14C]GLUCOSE AND [1-14C]ACETATE BY GOAT ADIPOSE TISSUE IN VITRO

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. ŠKARDA ◽  
S. BARTOŠ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Adipose Tissue In Vitro ◽  
High Concentrations

SUMMARY No change in the rate of 14CO2 production from [U-14C]glucose by the adipose tissue of goats was found in vitro, even in the presence of high concentrations of insulin (1 and 10 m-u./ml.) when glucose was the only substrate in the medium. However, it was demonstrated that in the presence of acetate as little as 10 μu. insulin/ml. exerted a marked effect on glucose oxidation. The most significant effect of insulin was that on the rate of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into fatty acids in the presence of glucose. These findings support the suggestion that the significance of insulin in ruminants is best demonstrated by its effects on the rate of utilization of acetate in the presence of glucose by adipose tissue.

Evidence for functional G-coupled protein receptors 43 and 120 in subcutaneous and intramuscular adipose tissue of Angus crossbred steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Westbrook ◽  
Bradley J Johnson ◽  
Gyoungok Gang ◽  
Kentaro Toyonaga ◽  
Jinhee Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Muscle Section

Abstract We conducted three independent experiments to demonstrate functional G-coupled protein receptor 43 (GPR43) and GPR120 in bovine intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) adipose tissues. We hypothesized that media volatile fatty acids and long-chain fatty acids would affect cAMP-activated protein kinase-alpha (AMPKα) protein expression and cAMP concentrations differently in i.m. and s.c. adipose tissue. Experiment 1: Oleic acid (18:1n-9) decreased phosphorylated AMPKα protein (p-AMPKα) and the p-AMPKα/AMPKα protein ratio in i.m. preadipocytes, increased the p-AMPKα/AMPKα protein ratio in bovine satellite cells, and had no effect in s.c. preadipocytes. Experment 2: Ex vivo explants from the 5 th-8 th longissimus thoracic rib muscle section of Angus crossbred steers were cultured 48 h in media containing 0.25 µM ciglitizone, 5 mM glucose, and 5 mM acetate, in the absence or presence of 100 µM oleic acid. Oleic acid increased acetate incorporation into fatty acids and GPR43 gene expression in i.m. adipose tissue (P < 0.05), but oleic acid had no effect on fatty acid synthesis or GPR43 expression in s.c. adipose tissue. Experiment 3: Fresh s.c. and i.m. adipose tissue from the 5 th-8 th longissimus thoracic rib muscle section of Angus crossbred steers was transferred immediately to 6-well culture plates containing 3 mL of KHB/Hepes/5 mM glucose. Samples were pre-incubated with 0.5 mM theophylline plus 10 μM forskolin for 30 min, after which increasing concentrations of acetate or propionate (0, 10 -3, 10 -2.3, and 10 -3 M) in the absence or presence of 100 μM oleic acid or 100 µM palmitic acid (16:0) were added to the incubation media. Acetate had no effect on forskolin-stimulated cAMP production in s.c. adipose tissue but decreased cAMP in i.m. adipose tissue (P < 0.05); this indicates a functional GPR43 receptor in i.m. adipose tissue. The combination of 10 -2 M acetate and oleic acid decrease cAMP production in s.c. adipose tissue, consistent with GPR120 receptor activity, but oleic acid and palmitic acid attenuated the depression of cAMP production caused by acetate in i.m. adipose tissue. Palmitic acid depressed cAMP production in s.c. adipose tissue, and increased cAMP production in i.m. adipose tissue (P < 0.05). Propionate had no effect on cAMP production in s.c. or i.m. adipose tissue. These results provide evidence for functional GPR43 receptors in i.m. adipose tissue and GPR120 receptors in s.c. adipose tissue, both of which would suppress lipolysis.

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