Renal Functions in the Chimpanzee

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Gagnon ◽  
Robert W. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Mutual Interference ◽  
Renal Functions ◽  
High Plasma Concentration ◽  
The Absolute

The excretion of creatinine and para-aminohippurate in five chimpanzees was found to be both by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion with mutual interference between the secretory processes. No evidence was found to suggest that inulin is subject to tubular secretion or reabsorption and it is therefore still acceptable for the measurement of glomerular filtration. The absolute values of glomerular filtration and renal excretion of creatinine and para-aminohippurate may have been modified by the use of anesthesia, but no striking differences are apparent between the kidney of the chimpanzee and that of man. PAH at high plasma concentration increases the excretion of potassium.

Intoxication with Phenprocoumon (Marcoumar) Pharmacokinetics and Side Effects

1969 ◽  
Vol 21 (02) ◽  
pp. 320-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Seiler ◽  
F Duckert
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Vitamin K1 ◽  
Clotting Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
High Plasma Concentration

SummaryA case of severe Marcoumar intoxication is described. Eleven hours after the intake a plasma concentration of 15.75 µg/ml was found which corresponds approximately to the 5-fold therapeutic concentration. Repeated administration of vitamin K1 made it possible to avoid extreme lowering of the activity of the clotting factors II, VII and X and to prevent bleeding. Side effects were not observed. The biologic half-life of Phenprocoumon has been found to be shortened at high plasma concentration (3.7 instead of 5.9 days). It is probable that in extreme concentration the drug is less strongly bound to the plasma proteins.

scholarly journals MYOHEMOGLOBINURIA

1941 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Yuile ◽  
William F. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Creatinine Clearance ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Clearance Ratio ◽  
A Value ◽  
Blood Hemoglobin

When myohemoglobin is injected intravenously into dogs, in amounts ranging from 0.75 to 1.50 gm., it is rapidly eliminated from the plasma and approximately 65 per cent is excreted by the kidneys in from 1½ to 2½ hours. Myohemoglobin does not appear in the urine below a threshold plasma concentration which is slightly under 20 mg. per 100 cc. but above this level the rate of renal excretion is directly proportional to the plasma concentration. The maximum myohemoglobin/creatinine clearance ratio averages 0.58 contrasted with a value of 0.023 for blood hemoglobin. This indicates that the rate of renal clearance of myohemoglobin is twenty-five times more rapid than that of blood hemoglobin. Evidence is presented that the excretory mechanism is essentially similar for the two substances but that differences in molecular weight account for different rates of glomerular filtration.

Renal excretion of radiofluoride in the dog

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis H. Carlson ◽  
W. D. Armstrong ◽  
Leon Singer ◽  
Lerner B. Hinshaw
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Urine Concentration ◽  
Tubular Reabsorption ◽  
Carrier Free ◽  
Renal Clearances ◽  
Concentration Ratios

Renal clearances of continuously infused radiofluoride were measured in 10 dogs in which a large part of the skeleton had been excluded from the system in order to produce a more constant plasma radiofluoride concentration. The results were evaluated to describe the factors of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption of fluoride under several conditions. The animals that received carrier-free radiofluoride infusions excreted urine with a mean radiofluoride concentration 3.4–14.5 times that of the plasma. The urine-to-plasma concentration ratios obtained with animals given a load of stable fluoride was 13.5–29.6. An increased urine volume resulted in a decreased tubular reabsorption of fluoride and the clearance was increased. Chlorothiazide increased radiofluoride excretion but decreased the urine concentration. The radiofluoride clearances were always less than the creatinine clearances but were 7.8–179 times the chloride clearances. The effect of chlorothiazide was to decrease the ratio of fluoride to chloride clearance by increasing chloride clearance more than fluoride clearance.

Renal Excretion of l-Epinephrine in the Dog

1958 ◽  
Vol 193 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Jones ◽  
William D. Blake
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Tubular Transport

The renal excretion of epinephrine was studied in dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital. Epinephrine in plasma and urine was quantitatively estimated by the fluorometric method of Lund. Glomerular filtration rate (creatinine clearance), renal plasma flow (PAH clearance) and PAH transport were employed as parameters of renal function. During periods of intravenous infusion of epinephrine, the percentage of hormone excreted was about 4.6% of that infused. The renal clearance of epinephrine was significantly greater than the glomerular filtration rate though less than renal plasma flow. From this and other information it was concluded that epinephrine is excreted both by tubular transport (tubular secretion) and glomerular filtration. The tubular transport of epinephrine was not inhibited by either 2,4-dinitrophenol or an adrenergic blocking agent.

An unusually high plasma concentration of homocysteine resulting from a combination of so-called “secondary” etiologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphane Jaisson ◽  
Aurore Desmons ◽  
Antoine Braconnier ◽  
Alain Wynckel ◽  
Philippe Rieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
High Plasma Concentration

High Plasma Concentration of Non-Esterified Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is a Specific Feature of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Nguyen ◽  
Abderrahmane Bourredjem ◽  
Lionel Piroth ◽  
Bélaïd Bouhemad ◽  
Antoine Jalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
High Plasma Concentration

Renal Excretion of Phlorizin and Phlorizin Glucuronide

1957 ◽  
Vol 190 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Braun ◽  
Victor P. Whittaker ◽  
William D. Lotspeich
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Domestic Chicken ◽  
Phenol Red

A study was made of the excretion of the glycoside, phlorizin, in the dog using the phenol method of Folin and Ciocaltieu combined with separation of phlorizin from other phenols by filter paper chromatography. Phlorizin was found to be filtered through the glomeruli and secreted by the tubules. The phenomenon of tubular secretion of phlorizin was also observed in the domestic chicken and the aglomerular fish, Lophius americanus. In the dog the tubular secretion of phlorizin is inhibited by Benemid and p-aminohippurate. The glucuronide of phlorizin was found in plasma and urine of the dog and urine of the chicken during phlorizin infusion. It is excreted predominantly by glomerular filtration in the dog during phlorizin administration. Benemid, while blocking tubular secretion of phlorizin, uncovers a tubular secretion of the glucuronide. The interrelations between phlorizin and phlorizin glucuronide in tubular secretion are discussed as well as the relation of the transport of these same two substances to the phlorizin block of secretion of phenol red, Diodrast and p-aminohippurate and the reabsorptive inhibition of glucose.

High plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase in cirrhosis: A possible marker of hypersplenism

Hepatology ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Nakamuta ◽  
Masao Ohashi ◽  
Yuichi Tanabe ◽  
Kaichiro Hiroshige ◽  
Hajime Nawata
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
High Plasma Concentration
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