Absorption of serum from the peritoneal cavity

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry E. Raybuck ◽  
Lane Allen ◽  
W. S. Harms
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Peritoneal Surface ◽  
Peritoneal Drainage ◽  
Homologous Serum ◽  
Heterologous Serum

The subserous lymphatic plexus on the peritoneal surface of the diaphragm was obliterated to study the removal of protein from the peritoneal cavity in the absence of lymphatic drainage. Cats weighing between 2 and 3 kg were used for this study. Homologous and heterologous serum was injected into the peritoneal cavity of lightly anesthetized animals. In control animals the absorption of 50 ml of homologous serum was complete in 9 hours, and absorption of 50 ml of heterologous serum required 24–36 hours. Cats in which lymphatic peritoneal drainage had been experimentally obstructed showed an increase in time interval for absorption of injection serums. Under this condition 144 hours was required for absorption of heterologous serum and 72 hours for homologous serum.

Quantitation of Lymphatic Drainage of the Peritoneal Cavity in Sheep: Comparison of Direct Cannulation Techniques with Indirect Methods to Estimate L Ymph Flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Tran ◽  
Helen Rodela ◽  
John B. Hay ◽  
Dimitrios Oreopoulos ◽  
Miles G. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lymph Drainage ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Drainage Fluid ◽  
Peritoneal Drainage ◽  
Ultrafiltration Failure ◽  
Lymph Duct ◽  
The Right

Objective It has been suggested that lymphatics may contribute to ultrafiltration failure in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) byabsorbing dialysate and ultrafiltrate from the peritoneal cavity. In most studies lymphatic drainage has been estimated from the disappearance of an instilled tracer from the peritoneal cavity or estimated from the appearance of an intraperitoneally administered tracer in the bloodstream. However, in sheep it is possible to cannulate several of the relevant lymphatics that drain the peritoneal cavity and assess lymph drainage parameters directly. The purpose of this study was to estimate lymph drainage from the peritoneal cavity in sheep using the disappearance of tracer from the cavity and the appearance of intraperitoneally instilled tracer in the bloodstream and to compare these results with those obtained from our previous studies using cannulation techniques. Design Experiments were performed in anesthetized and nonanesthetized animals. Volumes of 50 mL/kg of Dianeal 4.25% containing 25 μCi of 1251-albumin were infused into the peritoneal cavity. Results In anesthetized sheep the calculated peritoneal lymph drainage from monitoring the disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity over 6 hours was 1.873±0.364 mL/kg/hour. Monitoring the appearance of tracer in the blood gave significantly lower peritoneal lymph flow rates of 1.094±0.241 mL/kg/hour. Directly measured lymph flow rates from our earlier publication were lower still and ranged from 0.156±0.028 -0.265±0.049 mL/hour/kg, depending on how we estimated the right lymph duct contribution to peritoneal drainage, since we could not cannulate this vessel. We repeated these experiments in conscious sheep. The value for lymph flow estimated from the disappearance of tracer from the peritoneal cavity was 2.398±0.617 mL/hour/kg and from the appearance of tracer in the blood, 1.424±0.113 mL/ hour/kg. The1ymph flow rates monitored from indwelling lymphatic catheters ranged from 1.021 ±0.186 -1.523±0.213 mL/hour/kg (again, depending on our estimates for the right lymph duct). Conclusions Lymph flow rates measured from indwelling lymphatic catheters provided the most conservative values for lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity under dialysis conditions. Estimates of lymphatic drainage based on the appearance of tracer in the blood gave values that were on average higher. The method using the disappearance of tracer from the cavity to estimate lymph flows overestimated peritoneal lymph drainage. Fluid was lost from the peritoneal cavity, and the estimated proportion of liquid lost through lymphatic drainage depended on the technique used to measure lymph flow rates.

COMPUTATIONAL MODEL FOR HEAT TRANSFER COUPLED WITH FLUID FLOW WITHIN PERITONEAL CAVITY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Simic ◽  
◽  
Jessica Domitrovic ◽  
Miljan Milosevic ◽  
Bogdan Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Peritoneal Surface

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has become an essential part of the management of peritoneal carcinomatosis [1,2]. HIPEC is a cancer treatment procedure that involves filling the abdominal cavity with chemotherapy drugs that have been heated (also known as “hot chemotherapy”). HIPEC is performed after the surgical procedure of removing tumors or lesions from the abdominal area. In the past 30 years, the approach of combining CRS with minimal residual disease and intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy emerged as one with a potential for long-term survival. Multiple strategies have been employed to measure the functional peritoneal surface area and determine the required perfusion volume. For that purpose, we have developed a novel computational model (consisted from peritoneal cavity with immersed organs, generated from STL files), with precisely calculated functional peritoneal surface area and cavity volume (for each patient). Using finite element procedure, we have managed to model a heat transfer inside the cavity, coupled with fluid flow. Further, we summarized solutions for velocity and temperature field, obtained using our software package PAK accompanied by the visualization in-house CAD software. Aim is to develop a novel protocol to calculate optimal volume of perfusion that could be easily integrated into the preoperative procedure and to help surgeons to deliver a precise dose of chemotherapy to the peritoneum cavity.

Lymphatic drainage of hypertonic solution from peritoneal cavity of anesthetized and conscious sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tran ◽  
H. Rodela ◽  
N. J. Abernethy ◽  
Z. Y. Yuan ◽  
J. B. Hay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Hypertonic Solution ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Conscious Sheep ◽  
The Right

Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity may reduce ultrafiltration in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. We assessed lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity in sheep under dialysis conditions by cannulation of the relevant lymphatic vessels and compared lymphatic drainage in anesthetized and conscious animals. Lymph was collected from the caudal mediastinal lymph node and the thoracic duct, both of which are involved in the lymphatic drainage of the ovine peritoneal cavity. Volumes of a hypertonic dialysis solution (50 ml/kg 4.25% Dianeal) containing 25 microCi 125I-human serum albumin were instilled into the peritoneal cavity, and lymph flows and the appearance of labeled protein in the lymphatic and vascular compartments were monitored for 6 h. Intraperitoneal pressures increased 4–5 cmH2O above resting levels after infusion of dialysate. On the basis of the appearance of tracer in the lymph, drainage of peritoneal fluid into the caudal lymphatic was calculated to be 3.09 +/- 0.69 and 14.14 +/- 2.86 ml/h in anesthetized and conscious sheep, respectively. Drainage of peritoneal fluid into the thoracic duct preparations was calculated to be 1.32 +/- 0.33 and 14.69 +/- 5.73 ml/h in anesthetized and conscious sheep, respectively. Significant radioactivity was found in the bloodstream, and at least a portion of this was likely contributed by the right lymph duct, which was not cannulated in our experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Peritoneal Cavity Lymphatics

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Robert Mactier ◽  
Zbylut J. Twardowski ◽  
Karl D. Nolph
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Layered Structure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Lymphatic Flow

Lymphatic drainage of particulate matters from the peritoneal cavity occurs mainly from lacunae located in the diaphragm. These are a triple-layered structure consisting of mesothelium, a loose network of connective tissue and endothelium. Absorption of particles may occur via gap junctions, through the cells or via vesicles. Whole blood can be removed fairly rapidly from the peritoneal cavity. Respiration plays an important role in the absorption of particles through lymphatics. Intra-abdominal pressure and posture are other factors which influence lymphatic flow rate in the peritoneal cavity. Little is known about the influence of drugs on lymphatic flow rate from the peritoneal cavity.

Effect of Various Factors on Peritoneal Lymphatic Flow in Rabbits

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Breborowicz ◽  
Helen Rodela ◽  
D.G. Oreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Lymphatic Flow ◽  
Dialysate Volume ◽  
Normal Controls

Peritoneallymphatic flow in normal and uremic rabbits was measured by estimation of the disappearance of the radiolabelled 1311–albumin from the peritoneal cavity. The results show that lymph flow rate from the peritoneal cavity is not steady and depends on dialysate volume, its tonicity, and protein content. During peritoneal dialysis, peritoneal lymphatic flow is lower at the beginning of an exchange. Peritoneal lymphatic drainage is higher in uremic rabbits compared to normal controls.

Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity in sheep

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (3) ◽  
pp. F353-F358 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Abernethy ◽  
W. Chin ◽  
J. B. Hay ◽  
H. Rodela ◽  
D. Oreopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Lymphatic Absorption

Lymphatic drainage of the peritoneal cavity has been investigated in anesthetized sheep. Studies involving intraperitoneal administration of a complex of Evans blue dye and bovine serum albumin demonstrated the existence of three anatomically distinct pathways. In the first pathway, dye is removed from the peritoneal cavity by diaphragmatic lymphatics that pass into caudal sternal lymph nodes. Efferent lymphatics from these nodes transport the material to cranial sternal lymph nodes. Efferent cranial sternal lymphatics then convey the material either directly or indirectly, via tracheal lymphatic trunks, to the right lymph duct. In the second pathway, the complex is transported from the peritoneal cavity by diaphragmatic lymphatics that pass into the caudal mediastinal lymph node. Efferent lymphatic ducts from this node transport the material to the thoracic duct. The third pathway appears to involve transport of the dye across the mesothelial lining of the abdominal viscera and removal from the interstitium by afferent visceral lymphatics. Material taken up in this manner is ultimately transported to the thoracic duct by efferent visceral lymphatics. Experiments involving measurements of lymphatic absorption of 125I-labeled human serum albumin from the peritoneal cavity indicated that, over the 6-h period studied, 4.55 +/- 1.20 and 1.43 +/- 0.56% of the injected tracer could be recovered in thoracic duct lymph and caudal mediastinal efferent lymph, respectively, and the sum of these values represented 26% of the recovered radioactivity. On the other hand, 16.95 +/- 6.93% of the injected radioactivity could be found in the blood over the same period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Production of Intraperitoneal Interleukin-6 Following Open or Laparoscopic Assisted Distal Gastrectomy

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youichi Kumagai ◽  
Yusuke Tajima ◽  
Toru Ishiguro ◽  
Norihiro Haga ◽  
Hideko Imaizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Peritoneal Fluid ◽  
Distal Gastrectomy ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Spearman’S Rank Correlation ◽  
Peritoneal Drainage ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Laparoscopic Assisted

Abstract The interleukin (IL)-6 concentration in plasma or serum has been considered to represent the degree of stress resulting from surgery. However, IL-6 in peritoneal fluid has rarely been considered. The aim of this study was to assess the concentration and amount of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid as indicators of surgical stress. To obtain basic data on peritoneal release of IL-6 during gastric cancer surgery, we measured IL-6 in peritoneal drainage samples, stored for up to 72 hours postoperatively, from patients who had undergone conventional open (ODG group, n = 20) and laparoscopic-assisted (LADG group, n = 19) distal gastrectomy. Within 24 hours, 61 and 77% of the IL-6 was released into the peritoneal cavity in the LADG and ODG groups, respectively. In both groups, the concentration and amount of peritoneal fluid IL-6 were significantly correlated with each other (LADG group: Spearman's rank correlation test [rS] = 0.48, P = 0.04; ODG group: rS = 0.58, P = 0.01). The concentration and amount of IL-6 in peritoneal fluid was 2.8- and 3.6-fold higher in the ODG than in the LADG group, respectively (P < 0.01). With regard to the relationship between the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) peak and the concentration or amount of peritoneal fluid IL-6 released within 24 hours, only the concentration of peritoneal fluid IL-6 in the LADG group was significantly correlated (rS = 0.60, P = 0.01) with the serum CRP peak. Our findings suggest that the amount and concentration of IL-6 released into the peritoneal cavity for up to 24 hours after surgery can each be a reliable parameter for assessment of surgical stress.

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