Acetate-1-C14 metabolism of white fat from hamsters in cold exposure and hibernation

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (5) ◽  
pp. 905-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Baumber ◽  
Arliss Denyes
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Cold Room ◽  
White Fat

Incorporation of C14 from acetate-1-C14 into lipid and CO2 by epididymal fat from golden hamsters kept at room temperature, acclimated to 5 ± 1 C, in hibernation and arousing from hibernation, was measured in vitro at 37 C. Summer and winter series were compared. The C14O2 production by tissue from control and acclimated animals was similar but the C14O2 production of tissue from hibernating and arousing hamsters was significantly greater than that from acclimated animals. There was a large increase in the lipid-C14 of tissue from cold-acclimated animals and this increase persisted into hibernation but was slightly depressed in tissue from arousing animals. Many acclimated and all hibernating hamsters had involuted testes and a greater incorporation of C14 into lipid than those with noninvoluted testes. A greater percentage of hamsters hibernated in the cold room during the winter and at this time the incorporation of C14 into lipid by the fat pad was greater than in the summer.

INHIBITION OF LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC β1–24 AND β1–39 CORTICOTROPHIN BY ANTI-ACTH ANTISERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Villanueva ◽  
S. J. H. Ashcroft ◽  
J. P. Felber
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Peptide Hormones ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Double Antibody ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Antibody Complex ◽  
Radio Immunoassay ◽  
Antigen Antibody

ABSTRACT The synthetic ACTH peptides β1–39 and β1–24 stimulated lipolysis as determined by the rat epididymal fat pad in vitro. The stimulating effect of these peptides was diminished by prior incubation of the peptides with antibodies produced by the guinea-pig against ACTH. The stimulating effect of these hormones was also diminished by the double antibody system used in the radio-immunoassay of ACTH and other peptide hormones, in which incubation with antiserum is followed by precipitation of the antigen-antibody complex by rabbit anti-guinea-pig-γ-globulin.

Thermogenic and metabolic consequences of thyroid hormone treatment in brown and white adipose tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Williams ◽  
Rodney Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Glucose Incorporation ◽  
White Fat

Male rats were treated with triiodothyronine in the drinking water for 12 days. In vitro rates of isoprenaline stimulated lipolysis were significantly greater in brown but not white adipose tissue. Rates of [14C]glucose incorporation into triacylglycerols were significantly reduced in BAT (brown adipose tissue) and WAT (white adipose tissue) under basal and isoprenaline stimulated conditions, in a second experiment, hyperthyroid animals showed impaired weight gain, despite increased food intake during t9 days' treatment. Energy expenditure on days 5 and 12, and BAT core temperature differences (TBAT – TCORE) on day 19, were significantly greater than in control animals. Epididymal white fat pad weight was reduced and interscapular brown fat pad weight increased by triiodothyronine treatment.

scholarly journals Effects of Cold Exposure on Lipid Metabolism of Liver and Epididymal Fat Pad

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 877-884
Author(s):  
Haruo NAKATSUKA ◽  
Yoshio SHOJI ◽  
Tsuneyuki TSUDA
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Epididymal Fat

ACETATE-1-C14 UTILIZATION BY BROWN FAT FROM HAMSTERS IN COLD EXPOSURE AND HIBERNATION

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Baumber ◽  
Arliss Denyes
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Cervical Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
White Fat

The in vitro conversion of acetate-1-C14 to C14O2 and C14-lipid by the interscapular and cervical brown fat depots of cold-exposed golden hamsters was measured. Tissue samples were taken from animals after 48 hours, 3 weeks, and 6–8 weeks in the cold, in hibernation, and arousing from hibernation and immediately after arousal. There was a depression in C14O2 production by cervical tissue after 48 hours in the cold, and by interscapular tissue after 3 weeks in the cold. C14O2 production by both depots remained low throughout acclimation, hibernation, and arousal. C14-Lipid production by both depots increased after 48 hours in the cold and remained high during acclimation. C14-Lipid production was depressed during hibernation and arousal, with recovery to acclimated levels at the end of arousal in the interscapular, but not in the cervical depot. Cervical brown fat had a higher conversion to both C14O2 and C14-lipid than interscapular brown fat. Qualitatively, but not quantitatively, brown fat behaved similarly to white fat. It was concluded that increased lipogenic capacity is not a primary response of brown fat to cold exposure of the animal, but that some other pathway becomes highly active.

scholarly journals A comparison between the effects of cold exposure in vivo and of noradrenaline in vitro on the metabolism of the brown fat of new-born rabbits

1970 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Knight ◽  
N. B. Myant
Keyword(s):  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
O2 Consumption ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
New Born ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic ◽  
White Fat

1. Exposure of new-born rabbits to the cold leads to an increase in the incorporation of [14C]glucose into the glycerol of brown-fat triglyceride, but has no effect on [14C]glucose incorporation into triglyceride of white fat or liver. The effect of cold exposure on brown-fat triglyceride is abolished by cutting the cervical sympathetic nerve. 2. Brown fat incorporates very little [14C]glucose into triglyceride fatty acids, either in vivo or in vitro. 3. Noradrenaline added to incubations of brown fat from new-born rabbits stimulates O2 consumption, CO2 output and incorporation of glucose into triglyceride glycerol. The effects of noradrenaline in vitro are therefore consistent with the hypothesis that noradrenaline mediates the response of the brown fat of new-born rabbits to cold exposure. 4. Glycerokinase is present in the brown fat of new-born rabbits, but its activity is much less than that of the glycerokinase in the brown fat of adult rats. 5. Insulin has no effect on O2 consumption, CO2 output or glucose uptake in brown fat of new-born rabbits. 6. It is concluded that the thermogenic response of new-born rabbits to cold exposure is accompanied by a selective acceleration of the triglyceride cycle in brown fat. However, resynthesis of triglyceride would not account for more than 1% of the O2 consumed in vitro by new-born rabbit brown fat in the presence of noradrenaline if respiration remains coupled to phosphorylation.

OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE-U-C14 AND PALMITATE-1-C14 BY LIVER, KIDNEY, AND DIAPHRAGM FROM HAMSTERS IN COLD EXPOSURE AND HIBERNATION

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Baumber ◽  
Arliss Denyes
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Tissue Slices ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

The percentage of glucose-U-C14 and palmitate-1-C14 converted to C14O2 by tissue slices from golden hamsters exposed to cold, hibernating, and arousing from hibernation was studied. Liver, kidney, and diaphragm were the tissues selected. It was found that liver slices had an increased capacity to oxidize palmitate and a decreased capacity to oxidize glucose to CO2 throughout cold exposure, hibernation, and arousal. Kidney also had an increased oxidation of palmitate at 48 hours of cold exposure, but this declined on cold acclimation. During hibernation, in vitro conversion of both palmitate and glucose to CO2 was reduced. Conversion of palmitate and glucose to CO2 by diaphragm was depressed during hibernation. During arousal, oxidation of glucose by diaphragm was greater than that during hibernation, while oxidation of palmitate did not change. It was concluded that the results did not support a view that there is a preferential catabolization of lipid by all tissues in the cold-acclimated and hibernating hamster.

scholarly journals Storage temperature determines platelet GPVI levels and function in mice and humans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Miles ◽  
S. Lawrence Bailey ◽  
Ava M Obenaus ◽  
Molly Y Mollica ◽  
Chomkan Usaneerungrueng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Storage ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Storage Duration ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
And Function ◽  
Contractile Forces

Platelets are currently stored at room temperature before transfusion to maximize circulation time. This approach has numerous downsides, including limited storage duration, bacterial growth risk, and increased costs. Cold storage could alleviate these problems. However, the functional consequences of cold exposure for platelets are poorly understood. In the present study, we compared the function of cold-stored platelets (CSP) and room temperature-stored platelets (RSP) in vitro, in vivo, and post-transfusion. CSP formed larger aggregates under in vitro shear while generating similar contractile forces compared to RSP. We found significantly reduced GPVI levels after cold exposure of 5-7 days. After transfusion in humans, CSP were mostly equivalent to RSP yet aggregated significantly less to the GPVI agonist collagen. In a mouse model of platelet transfusion, we found a significantly lower response to the GPVI-dependent agonist convulxin and significantly lower GPVI levels on the surface of transfused platelets after cold storage. In summary, our data support an immediate but short-lived benefit of CSP and highlight the need for thorough investigations of this product. (NCT03787927)

scholarly journals Brown and white adipose tissues: intrinsic differences in gene expression and response to cold exposure in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (8) ◽  
pp. E945-E964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meritxell Rosell ◽  
Myrsini Kaforou ◽  
Andrea Frontini ◽  
Anthony Okolo ◽  
Yi-Wah Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Neuregulin 4 ◽  
White Fat ◽  
Differential Properties

Brown adipocytes dissipate energy, whereas white adipocytes are an energy storage site. We explored the plasticity of different white adipose tissue depots in acquiring a brown phenotype by cold exposure. By comparing cold-induced genes in white fat to those enriched in brown compared with white fat, at thermoneutrality we defined a “brite” transcription signature. We identified the genes, pathways, and promoter regulatory motifs associated with “browning,” as these represent novel targets for understanding this process. For example, neuregulin 4 was more highly expressed in brown adipose tissue and upregulated in white fat upon cold exposure, and cell studies showed that it is a neurite outgrowth-promoting adipokine, indicative of a role in increasing adipose tissue innervation in response to cold. A cell culture system that allows us to reproduce the differential properties of the discrete adipose depots was developed to study depot-specific differences at an in vitro level. The key transcriptional events underpinning white adipose tissue to brown transition are important, as they represent an attractive proposition to overcome the detrimental effects associated with metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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