Effect of endotoxin on capillary permeability to macromolecules

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chien ◽  
D. G. Sinclair ◽  
R. J. Dellenback ◽  
C. Chang ◽  
B. Peric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Endogenous Proteins

The intravenous injection of Escherichia coli endotoxin (3 mg/kg) into dogs caused an increase in lymph flow from the thoracic duct. The lymph concentrations of macromolecules (dextran with mol. wt. of 250,000, albumin-I131, and endogenous proteins) increased and the lymph-to-plasma ratios approached 1. These results indicate that E. coli endotoxin causes an increase in capillary permeability to both the fluid and the macromolecules in plasma. The increase in capillary permeability for albumin-I131 was greater than that for dextran with mol. wt. of 250,000. Eighty minutes after endotoxin, the lymph flow returned to normal, but albumin-I131 and dextran injected at this time were still transferred into the thoracic duct lymph at enhanced rates.

scholarly journals LYMPHOCYTES IN THORACIC DUCT, INTESTINAL AND HEPATIC LYMPH

Blood ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOSEPH D. MANN ◽  
GEORGE M. HIGGINS ◽  
EMERY VAN HOOK
Keyword(s):  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
Intestinal Lymph ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract In rats whose intestinal or thoracic duct lymph was drained externally for several days, lymphopenia occurred. Large numbers of cells were collected in the lymph each day, as many, apparently, from the intestinal lymph alone as from the thoracic duct. Hepatic lymph contributed relatively few cells. Augmentation of lymph flow decreased the concentration of cells in the lymph but did not affect the total number of cells collected each day. Fasting for several days likewise did not decrease the first day’s output. With each day’s lymph flow, however, the daily output of cells spontaneously decreased. The decrease was not prevented by the intravenous injection of fresh lymph or of fresh rat plasma in large amounts. In view of this unexplained effect, one must be cautious in interpreting the results of experiments on the lymph lymphocyte.

Effect of serotonin, epinephrine, histamine, and hexamethonium on thoracic duct lymph

1961 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walton K. T. Shim ◽  
Eugene L. Pollack ◽  
Theodore Drapanas
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Capillary Permeability ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Single Intravenous Injection ◽  
Duct Lymph

Serial studies of thoracic duct lymph flow rates and lymph proteins including albumin, globulin and fibrinogen were performed in 22 fasting unanesthetized dogs following intrathoracic cannulation of the thoracic duct with a polyethylene catheter. Serotonin given intravenously (20 µg/kg/min) produced a marked increase in lymph flow (115%) with a 20% decrease in total protein concentration. A single intravenous injection of epinephrine (1 mg) produced a 92% increase in lymph flow accompanied by a 12% increase in protein concentration. Histamine (1 mg) given intravenously also produced a significant increase in lymph flow (127%) but protein concentration remained constant. Hexamethonium chloride (2.5 mg/kg iv) markedly depressed lymph flow rate (50%) without significantly altering lymph protein concentrations. The possible mechanisms of action of each of these agents is discussed. Results indicate that serotonin markedly influences lymph production and lymph protein concentration by a probable selective alteration of capillary permeability rather than by increasing intestinal motility.

Effect of PEEP on the rate of thoracic duct lymph flow and clearance of bacteria from the peritoneal cavity

1983 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Last ◽  
Lewis Kurtz ◽  
Theodore A. Stein ◽  
Leslie Wise
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Duct Lymph

Thoracic duct lymph flow and its measurement in chronically catheterized sheep fetus

1989 ◽  
Vol 256 (1) ◽  
pp. H16-H20 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brace
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Computer Technique ◽  
Venous Circulation ◽  
Duct Lymph ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
Sheep Fetus

A method was developed for chronic catheterization of the left thoracic lymph duct at the base of the neck in the sheep fetus, which did not disrupt the other major lymphatic vessels that join the venous circulation at the same location. The lymphatic catheter was connected to a catheter in a jugular vein when lymph flow was not being recorded, so that the lymph continuously returned to the fetal circulation. Special consideration of catheter size to minimize flow resistance and treatment to prevent clotting were required. Individual animals were maintained up to 17 days with lymph flow continuing. In 13 fetuses averaging 128 days gestation (term = 147 days) at the time of catheterization, lymph flow rate was measured for 1 h each day for the first 7 postsurgical days with an on-line computer technique that continuously calculated lymph flow rate. Lymph flow averaged 0.64 +/- 0.17 (SD) ml/min in fetuses weighing 2.3-4 kg and tended to undergo a nonsignificant increase with time. Lymph and plasma protein concentrations did not change with time. In individual fetuses, large spontaneous variations in lymph flow rate occurred over periods of several seconds to a few minutes. Analysis showed that these variations in flow rate were not associated with fetal breathing movements. Thus the present study describes a technique for studying the dynamics of lymph flow in the unanesthetized sheep fetus in utero over a time period limited primarily by the length of gestation. In addition, it appears that thoracic duct lymph flow rate in the fetus per unit body weight averages three to four times that in the adult.

Factors affecting gastric secretion in thoracic-duct lymph of dogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan D. A. Johnston ◽  
Charles F. Code
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Secretion ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Inhibitory Response ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Inhibitory Influence ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
Inhibitory Factors ◽  
Duct Lymph

Thoracic-duct lymph was collected from dogs during various phases of gastric secretion. The lymph samples were injected intravenously into dogs with vagally innervated and denervated pouches while these were secreting at slow rates in response to the continuous intravenous injection of small quantities of histamine. About half the samples inhibited gastric secretion. The rest produced transient stimulation or had no effect. The greatest degree of inhibition occurred when lymph collected immediately after a meal was injected. When fatty lymph was separated into fat and nonfat fractions, the fat-containing portion of lymph stimulated gastric secretion slightly, while the nonfat fraction carried the inhibitory influence when it was present. Systemic reactions were noted in one-third of the animals that had an inhibitory response. The occurrence of stimulatory or inhibitory factors in the lymph did not appear to be related to particular phases of gastric secretion.

Chronic lymph flow and transcapillary fluid flux during angiotensin II hypertension

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (6) ◽  
pp. R1205-R1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Valenzuela-Rendon ◽  
R. D. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Protein Transport ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Fluid Flux ◽  
Duct Lymph

The roles of the transvascular fluid flux and lymph flow in the distribution of extracellular fluid volume during angiotensin II (ANG II) hypertension were evaluated in 11 conscious dogs. Similarly, the factors regulating the distribution of plasma protein across the microvasculature were assessed. By the second day of ANG II infusion, the thoracic duct lymph flow had increased 58% above control, transcapillary fluid flux had increased 45%, and plasma volume, sulfate space, and interstitial fluid volume remained close to control. In addition, the thoracic duct lymph protein transport had increased 34%, and the accompanying increase in transcapillary protein flux prevented any change in plasma protein mass. Also, at this time, the lymph flow and protein transport from subcutaneous tissue in the hind limb were not increased, and the permeability-surface area product of this region decreased 40%. The origin of the increased thoracic duct lymph flow on day 2 probably was from the splanchnic bed. In conclusion, the increased lymph flow during ANG II hypertension compensated for the increase in transcapillary fluid flux, thus preventing edema formation.

Thoracic duct lymph and lymphocytes during primary hypoxia and rebound

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (6) ◽  
pp. 1243-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Evans ◽  
R. A. F. Garnett ◽  
J. M. Yoffey
Keyword(s):  
Control Animal ◽  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Thoracic Duct Lymph ◽  
Simulated Altitude ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Duct Lymph

Thoracic duct lymph flow and lymphocytes were first studied in 18 normal guinea pigs. Similar studies were then made on a) 25 guinea pigs placed in a decompression chamber at a simulated altitude of 14,000 ft for times ranging from 1 to 5 days, this being the period of "primary hypoxia" during which erythropoiesis is stimulated and polycythemia develops, and b) 25 guinea pigs exposed to primary hypoxia for 5 days, then kept in room air for times ranging from 1 to 5 days, this period of posthypoxic polycythemia being known as "rebound." By the end of rebound the polycythemia had almost disappeared. The flow of thoracic duct lymph increased significantly from a control level of 0.86 ± 0.21 ml/hr to 1.23 ± 0.1 ml/hr by the 5th day of primary hypoxia, and to a peak of 1.89 ± 0.23 ml/hr by the 3rd day of rebound, falling slightly to 1.56 ± 0.14 ml/hr by the 5th day of rebound, when it was still markedly above control level. The total cell content of the lymph also rose significantly, from 34.5 ± 10.3 x 106 lymphocytes/hr in the control animal to 59.1 ± 8.9 x 106 /hr on the 5th day of primary hypoxia, and to a peak of 93.8 ± 23.0 x 106 on the 3rd day of rebound.

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