Effect of lactic acid on plasma free fatty acids in pancreatectomized dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 207 (6) ◽  
pp. 1226-1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. I. Miller ◽  
B. Issekutz ◽  
P. Paul ◽  
K. Rodahl
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Sodium Lactate ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Pancreatectomized Dogs ◽  
Pancreatectomized Dog

Sodium lactate infusions into unanesthetized pancreatectomized dogs, with indwelling arterial and venous catheters, markedly decreased the plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level. Infusions of palmitate-1-C14 at constant rates showed that the rate of release of FFA was considerably reduced by the lactate. There was an inverse correlation between the logarithm of the plasma FFA concentrations and the logarithm of the blood lactate levels. Glucose infusion alone had no significant effect on the plasma FFA of the pancreatectomized dog. When both lactate and glucose were infused into the pancreatectomized dog, the plasma FFA was inversely correlated with the blood lactate level but not with the blood sugar. When the plasma FFA was elevated in normal dogs by norepinephrine infusion, the FFA-lowering effect of sodium lactate was not prevented. Neither acetylcholine nor nitroglycerine infusions had any marked effect on the plasma FFA. It is concluded that lactic acid has a direct effect on the release of FFA which does not require the presence of insulin and is independent of the blood glucose concentration.

The response of the kidney of the freshwater rainbow trout to true metabolic acidosis

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kobayashi ◽  
C. M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Urinary Acid ◽  
Proton Load ◽  
Lactate Excretion

Infusion of lactic acid into the bloodstream of trout produced a short-lived depression of blood pH and a long-lasting elevation of blood lactate. The lactate injected was distributed in a volume of 198 ml/kg. Renal excretion of lactate anion and total acid increased by approximately equal amounts during the period of high blood lactate levels, but total renal loss over 72 h accounted for only 2% of the lactate load and 6% of the proton load. Comparable differences in the time courses of blood lactate and pH changes occurred when lactacidosis was induced endogenously by normocapnic hypoxia. The immediate response of the kidney was similar to that with lactic acid infusion, but there was a long-lasting (12–72 + h) elevation of urinary acid efflux that was not associated with lactate excretion. Following hypoxia, renal excretion over 72 h accounted for 1% of the estimated lactate load and 12–25% of the proton load. A renal lactate threshold of 4–10 muequiv/ml prevents significant urinary lactate excretion. The response of the trout kidney to true metabolic acidosis is similar to that of the mammalian kidney.

Amelioration of hypoxia-induced lactic acidosis by superimposed hypercapnea or hydrochloric acid infusion

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. F702-F709 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abu Romeh ◽  
R. L. Tannen
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

Recent studies have shown that ketoacid production is exquisitely sensitive to changes in systemic pH, with a decrease inhibiting and an increase stimulating the production rate. To determine whether inhibition of net endogenous acid production is a widely applicable mechanism for the defense of acid-base homeostasis, we examined the effect of superimposed acidosis on lactic acid production by hypoxic rats. Anesthetized paralyzed mechanically ventilated rats with normocapnia increased blood lactate progressively in response to a fractional inspired O2 (FIO2) of 8% (PaO2, 35-38 mmHg) and achieved a level of 7.0 +/- 1.2 mM at 3 h. Superimposition of either mild respiratory acidosis (PCO2, 59 mmHg) or exogenous inorganic metabolic acidosis (intra-arterial HCl sufficient to decrease pH from 7.33 to 7.23) after 1 h of hypoxia dramatically diminished the rise in blood lactate. At the end of the third hour, blood lactate levels averaged 1.7 +/- 0.6 mM with superimposed respiratory acidosis and 2.7 +/- 0.4 mM with superimposed metabolic acidosis, both values being significantly less than the hypoxic controls. Termination of the superimposed respiratory acidosis resulted in a rapid increase in blood lactate levels, demonstrating the reversibility of the pH modulation of lactic acid production. Thus systemic acidosis appears to feed back in a protective fashion to inhibit net lactic acid production in rats with hypoxia-induced lactic acidosis. These findings suggest that finely tuned feedback control mechanisms that keep systemic pH within a narrow range operate under both major conditions of enhanced endogenous acid production (i.e., keto- and lactic acidosis).

Studies on the carbohydrate metabolism of sheep. XIX. The metabolism of glucose, free fatty acids, and ketones after feeding and during fasting or undernourishment of non-pregnant, pregnant, and lactating ewes

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Reid ◽  
NT Hinks
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Pregnant Sheep ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Pregnant Ewe

Average plasma free fatty acid (FFA) values in non-pregnant sheep in widely differing body condition, but fed at levels of maintenance or above, varied from 0.24 to 0.39 m-equiv.11. Values declined after feeding, while blood ketone levels increased. Plasma FFA value is a sensitive indicator of undernourishment in sheep; a pronounced and immediate increase followed a 40% reduction in ration. FFA and ketone levels increased during 7 days of fasting, the former markedly and to a degree depending on blood glucose level; there was a close inverse correlation between plasma FFA and blood glucose levels. Similar correlations were recorded in undernourished pregnant and lactating ewes, although FFA values were consistently higher in lactation at all blood glucose levels. Ketone levels were linearly related to FFA levels when blood glucose values exceeded 25–30 mg %. Below this level of glucose there was no further increase in FFA, but ketones increased markedly. Caloric homeostasis is relatively easily maintained in undernourished nonpregnant and lactating sheep. The undernourished pregnant ewe is susceptible to hypoglycaemia, and it is suggested that there is a critical blood glucose level of 25–30 mg % below which caloric homeostasis becomes more difficult to maintain, because of endocrine changes which markedly affect the normal pattern of fat metabolism.

Effect of exercise on FFA metabolism of pancreatectomized dogs

1963 ◽  
Vol 205 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Issekutz ◽  
H. I. Miller ◽  
K. Rodahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Plasma Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Ffa Metabolism ◽  
Pancreatectomized Dogs

Normal and pancreatectomized dogs with indwelling arterial and venous catheters were exercised on the treadmill for 35 min. Palmitate-1-C14 was infused intravenously for 3 hr during the experiment, or administered orally 15 hr before the experiment. The plasma free fatty acid (FFA) level was decreased in normal dogs but increased in the pancreatectomized animals during exercise. This was due to corresponding changes in the rate of FFA release. The rate of uptake of plasma FFA followed the rate of release with some delay, so that at the end of exercise the uptake was tenfold higher in the pancreatectomized dogs than in the controls. In spite of this striking difference, the C14O2 output was increased during exercise four- to fivefold in both groups in the infusion experiments. When the radiopalmitate was administered orally, however, the specific activity of the exhaled C14O2 rapidly decreased in the exercising pancreatectomized dogs but remained rather constant in the controls. It is suggested that during heavy exercise the muscles of the normal dog oxidize their endogenous fat pools, whereas the pancreatectomized animal relies for fat oxidation on the plasma FFA, the concentration of which is considerably increased by norepinephrine in the absence of insulin.

Effect of lactic acid on free fatty acids and glucose oxidation in dogs

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Issekutz ◽  
H. I. Miller ◽  
P. Paul ◽  
K. Rodahl
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Plasma Ffa ◽  
Comparable Concentration ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Pancreatectomized Dogs

Palmitate-1-C14 or glucose-C14(U) was infused intravenously for 4 hr at a constant rate in unanesthetized dogs with indwelling arterial and venous catheters. O2 uptake and CO2 output were measured. Specific activity of CO2 and of plasma FFA or plasma glucose was determined. Infusion of Na-l(+)-lactate greatly reduced the rate of release and uptake and the rate of oxidation of FFA in normal as well as in pancreatectomized dogs. Lactate decreased also the oxidation of plasma sugar but to a lesser degree. The elevated blood lactate seems to have a glucose-sparing effect in the resting dog. This may lead to accumulation of α-glycerophosphate and may explain the FFA-lowering effect of lactate. Na-d(–)-lactate infused in comparable concentration had no similar effect.

Non-Release of Lactic Acid from Anaerobic Swimming Muscle of Plaice Pleuronectes Platessa L.: A Stress Reaction

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. WARDLE
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Release Mechanism ◽  
Exhausting Exercise ◽  
Adrenergic Block ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

1. Plaice caught by trawl net and plaice exercised in laboratory tanks all show high levels of lactic acid (33–44 mmol/kg) in the anaerobic swimming muscle. During exhausting exercise 2 moles of lactate are formed from 1 mole of glycogen glucose. After an 8 h rest 50–80% of the muscle glycogen is restored. 2. Blood lactate levels remain low (0.5-2 mmol/1) in the majority of plaice caught by trawl. In a small number of plaice, peak levels over 5 mmol/1 are reached 2-4 h after capture. Low blood lactate levels could be guaranteed in all fish exercised 24 h after the stress of capture and in tank-adapted fish exercised and injected with the β-adrenergic stimulating drug, isoxsuprine hydrochloride. The blood lactate in plaice, tank-adapted for more than 8 days and then exercised, may reach peak levels up to 5 mmol/l 2-4 h later. 3. High blood lactate levels were obtained by injecting the β-adrenergic block propranolol to stressed exercised fish. The α-adrenergic block did not have this effect. All plaice with blood lactate levels reaching 5–12 mmol/l died. 4. The results indicate that the muscle cells regulate the release or nonrelease of their lactate load to the blood stream and increases in the blood circulating to the muscle do not influence this release. The non-release mechanism may be actived by a catecholamine circulated in the blood stream following a stress.

scholarly journals Effects of whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation device on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megumi Hoshiai ◽  
Kaori Ochiai ◽  
Yuma Tamura ◽  
Tomoki Tsurumi ◽  
Masato Terashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Sublingual Microcirculation ◽  
Blood Fluidity ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
Blood Lactate Levels

AbstractNeuromuscular electrical stimulation has been used to treat cardiovascular diseases and other types of muscular dysfunction. A novel whole-body neuromuscular electrical stimulation (WB-NMES) wearable device may be beneficial when combined with voluntary exercises. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effects of the WB-NMES on hemodynamics, arrhythmia, and sublingual microcirculation. The study included 19 healthy Japanese volunteers, aged 22–33 years, who were not using any medication. Electrocardiogram (ECG), echocardiography, and blood sampling were conducted before a 20-min WB-NMES session and at 0 and 10 min after termination of WB-NMES. Their tolerable maximum intensity was recorded using numeric rating scale. Arrhythmia was not detected during neuromuscular electrical stimulation or during 10 min of recovery. Blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular ejection fraction, and diastolic function remained unchanged; however, mild mitral regurgitation was transiently observed during WB-NMES in a single male participant. A decrease in blood glucose and an increase in blood lactate levels were observed, but no changes in blood fluidity, sublingual microcirculation, blood levels of noradrenaline, or oxidative stress were shown. WB-NMES is safe and effective for decreasing blood glucose and increasing blood lactate levels without changing the blood fluidity or microcirculation in healthy people.

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