scholarly journals Fat pad-specific effects of lipectomy on foraging, food hoarding, and food intake

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. R321-R328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Dailey ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Pellet ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Foraging Effort ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors

Unlike most species, after food deprivation, Siberian hamsters increase foraging and food hoarding, two appetitive ingestive behaviors, but not food intake, a consummatory ingestive behavior. We previously demonstrated (Wood AD, Bartness TJ, Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 272: R783−R792, 1997) that increases in food hoarding are triggered by directly decreasing body fat levels through partial surgical lipectomy; however, we did not test if lipectomy affected foraging, nor if the magnitude of the lipid deficit affected food hoard size. Therefore, we tested whether varying the size of the lipectomy-induced lipid deficit and/or foraging effort affected foraging, food hoarding, or food intake. This was accomplished by housing adult male Siberian hamsters in a foraging/hoarding system and removing (x) both epididymal white adipose tissue (EWATx) pads, both inguinal white adipose tissue (IWATx) pads, or both EWAT and IWAT pads (EWATx + IWATx) and measuring foraging, food hoarding, and food intake for 12 wk. The lipectomy-induced lipid deficit triggered different patterns of white adipose tissue mass compensation that varied with foraging effort. Foraging for food (10 wheel revolutions to earn a food pellet) abolished the EWATx-induced compensation in IWAT pad mass. The magnitude of the lipid deficit did not engender a proportional change in any of the appetitive or consummatory ingestive behaviors. EWATx caused the greatest increase in food hoarding compared with IWATx or EWATx + IWATx, when animals were required to forage for their food. Collectively, it appears that the magnitude of a lipid deficit does not affect appetitive or consummatory behaviors; rather, when energy (foraging) demands are increased, loss of specific (gonadal) fat pads can preferentially stimulate increases in food hoarding.

Role of NPY and its receptor subtypes in foraging, food hoarding, and food intake by Siberian hamsters

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. R29-R36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane E. Day ◽  
Erin Keen-Rhinehart ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors

Fasting has widespread physiological and behavioral effects such as increases in arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y (NPY) gene expression in rodents, including Siberian hamsters. Fasting also stimulates foraging and food hoarding (appetitive ingestive behaviors) by Siberian hamsters but does relatively little to change food intake (consummatory ingestive behavior). Therefore, we tested the effects of third ventricular NPY Y1 ([Pro34]NPY) or Y5 ([d-Trp34]NPY) receptor agonists on these ingestive behaviors using a wheel running-based food delivery system coupled with simulated burrow housing. Siberian hamsters had 1) no running wheel access and free food, 2) running wheel access and free food, or 3) foraging requirements (10 or 50 revolutions/pellet). NPY (1.76 nmol) stimulated food intake only during the first 4 h postinjection (∼200–1,000%) and mostly in hamsters with a foraging requirement. The Y1 receptor agonist markedly increased food hoarding (250–1,000%), increased foraging as well as wheel running per se, and had relatively little effect on food intake (<250%). Unlike NPY, the Y5 agonist significantly increased food intake, especially in foraging animals (∼225–800%), marginally increased food hoarding (250–500%), and stimulated foraging and wheel running 4–24 h postinjection, with the distribution of earned pellets favoring eating versus hoarding across time. Across treatments, food hoarding predominated early postinjection, whereas food intake tended to do so later. Collectively, NPY stimulated both appetitive and consummatory ingestive behaviors in Siberian hamsters involving Y1/Y5 receptors, with food hoarding and foraging/wheel running (appetitive) more involved with Y1 receptors and food intake (consummatory) with Y5 receptors.

scholarly journals Anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer inhibits exogenous ghrelin-induced increases in food intake, hoarding, and neural activation, but not food deprivation-induced increases

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (4) ◽  
pp. R323-R333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J. W. Teubner ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors ◽  
Rats And Mice

Circulating concentrations of the stomach-derived “hunger-peptide” ghrelin increase in direct proportion to the time since the last meal. Exogenous ghrelin also increases food intake in rodents and humans, suggesting ghrelin may increase post-fast ingestive behaviors. Food intake after food deprivation is increased by laboratory rats and mice, but not by humans (despite dogma to the contrary) or by Siberian hamsters; instead, humans and Siberian hamsters increase food hoarding, suggesting the latter as a model of fasting-induced changes in human ingestive behavior. Exogenous ghrelin markedly increases food hoarding by ad libitum-fed Siberian hamsters similarly to that after food deprivation, indicating sufficiency. Here, we tested the necessity of ghrelin to increase food foraging, food hoarding, and food intake, and neural activation [c-Fos immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir)] using anti-ghrelin Spiegelmer NOX-B11–2 (SPM), an l-oligonucleotide that specifically binds active ghrelin, inhibiting peptide-receptor interaction. SPM blocked exogenous ghrelin-induced increases in food hoarding the first 2 days after injection, and foraging and food intake at 1–2 h and 2–4 h, respectively, and inhibited hypothalamic c-Fos-ir. SPM given every 24 h across 48-h food deprivation inconsistently inhibited food hoarding after refeeding and c-Fos-ir, similarly to inabilities to do so in laboratory rats and mice. These results suggest that ghrelin may not be necessary for food deprivation-induced foraging and hoarding and neural activation. A possible compensatory response, however, may underlie these findings because SPM treatment led to marked increases in circulating ghrelin concentrations. Collectively, these results show that SPM can block exogenous ghrelin-induced ingestive behaviors, but the necessity of ghrelin for food deprivation-induced ingestive behaviors remains unclear.

scholarly journals Third ventricular coinjection of subthreshold doses of NPY and AgRP stimulate food hoarding and intake and neural activation

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. R37-R48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett J. W. Teubner ◽  
Erin Keen-Rhinehart ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Zona Incerta ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors ◽  
Agouti Related Protein

We previously demonstrated that 3rd ventricular (3V) neuropeptide Y (NPY) or agouti-related protein (AgRP) injection potently stimulates food foraging/hoarding/intake in Siberian hamsters. Because NPY and AgRP are highly colocalized in arcuate nucleus neurons in this and other species, we tested whether subthreshold doses of NPY and AgRP coinjected into the 3V stimulates food foraging, hoarding, and intake, and/or neural activation [c-Fos immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir)] in hamsters housed in a foraging/hoarding apparatus. In the behavioral experiment, each hamster received four 3V treatments by using subthreshold doses of NPY and AgRP for all behaviors: 1) NPY, 2) AgRP, 3) NPY+AgRP, and 4) saline with a 7-day washout period between treatments. Food foraging, intake, and hoarding were measured 1, 2, 4, and 24 h and 2 and 3 days postinjection. Only when NPY and AgRP were coinjected was food intake and hoarding increased. After identical treatment in separate animals, c-Fos-ir was assessed at 90 min and 14 h postinjection, times when food intake (0–1 h) and hoarding (4–24 h) were uniquely stimulated. c-Fos-ir was increased in several hypothalamic nuclei previously shown to be involved in ingestive behaviors and the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA), but only in NPY+AgRP-treated animals (90 min and 14 h: magno- and parvocellular regions of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and perifornical area; 14 h only: CeA and sub-zona incerta). These results suggest that NPY and AgRP interact to stimulate food hoarding and intake at distinct times, perhaps released as a cocktail naturally with food deprivation to stimulate these behaviors.

Peripheral ghrelin injections stimulate food intake, foraging, and food hoarding in Siberian hamsters

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (3) ◽  
pp. R716-R722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Keen-Rhinehart ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Free Food ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Wheel Running Activity ◽  
Appetitive Behaviors

Fasting triggers many effects, including increases in circulating concentrations of ghrelin, a primarily stomach-derived orexigenic hormone. Exogenous ghrelin treatment stimulates food intake, implicating it in fasting-induced increases in feeding, a consummatory ingestive behavior. In Siberian hamsters, fasting also stimulates appetitive ingestive behaviors such as foraging and food hoarding. Therefore, we tested whether systemic ghrelin injections (3, 30, and 200 mg/kg) would stimulate these appetitive behaviors using a running wheel-based food delivery system coupled with simulated burrow housing. We also measured active ghrelin plasma concentrations after exogenous ghrelin treatment and compared them to those associated with fasting. Hamsters had the following: 1) no running wheel access, free food; 2) running wheel access, free food; or 3) foraging requirement (10 revolutions/pellet), no free food. Ghrelin stimulated foraging at 0–1, 2–4, and 4–24 h postinjection but failed to affect wheel running activity not coupled to food. Ghrelin stimulated food intake initially (200–350%, first 4 h) across all groups; however, in hamsters with a foraging requirement, ghrelin also stimulated food intake 4–24 h postinjection (200–250%). Ghrelin stimulated food hoarding 2–72 h postinjection (100–300%), most markedly 2–4 h postinjection in animals lacking a foraging requirement (635%). Fasting increased plasma active ghrelin concentrations in a time-dependent fashion, with the 3- and 30-mg/kg dose creating concentrations of the peptide comparable to those induced by 24–48 h of fasting. Collectively, these data suggest that exogenous ghrelin, similar to fasting, increases appetitive behaviors (foraging, hoarding) by Siberian hamsters, but dissimilar to fasting in this species, stimulates food intake.

scholarly journals Leptin inhibits food-deprivation-induced increases in food intake and food hoarding

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. R1737-R1746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Keen-Rhinehart ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sedentary Control ◽  
Food Hoarding ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Ingestive Behaviors ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
The Brain

Food deprivation stimulates foraging and hoarding and to a much lesser extent, food intake in Siberian hamsters. Leptin, the anorexigenic hormone secreted primarily from adipocytes, may act in the periphery, the brain, or both to inhibit these ingestive behaviors. Therefore, we tested whether leptin given either intracerebroventricularly or intraperitoneally, would block food deprivation-induced increases in food hoarding, foraging, and intake in animals with differing foraging requirements. Hamsters were trained in a running wheel-based food delivery foraging system coupled with simulated burrow housing. We determined the effects of food deprivation and several peripheral doses of leptin on plasma leptin concentrations. Hamsters were then food deprived for 48 h and given leptin (0, 10, 40, or 80 μg ip), and additional hamsters were food deprived for 48 h and given leptin (0, 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 μg icv). Foraging, food intake, and hoarding were measured postinjection. Food deprivation stimulated food hoarding to a greater degree and duration than food intake. In animals with a foraging requirement, intracerebroventricular leptin almost completely blocked food deprivation-induced increased food hoarding and intake, but increased foraging. Peripheral leptin treatment was most effective in a sedentary control group, completely inhibiting food deprivation-induced increased food hoarding and intake at the two highest doses, and did not affect foraging at any dose. Thus, the ability of leptin to inhibit food deprivation-induced increases in ingestive behaviors differs based on foraging effort (energy expenditure) and the route of administration of leptin administration.

scholarly journals MED19 Regulates Adipogenesis and Maintenance of White Adipose Tissue Mass by Mediating PPARγ-Dependent Gene Expression

Cell Reports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 108228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Dean ◽  
Anyuan He ◽  
Min Tan ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Dongliang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

scholarly journals Neonatal nutritional programming impairs adiponectin effects on energy homeostasis in adult life of male rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Peduti Halah ◽  
Paula Beatriz Marangon ◽  
Jose Antunes-Rodrigues ◽  
Lucila L. K. Elias
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Nutritional Programming

Neonatal nutritional changes induce long-lasting effects on energy homeostasis. Adiponectin influences food intake and body weight. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of neonatal nutritional programming on the central stimulation of adiponectin. Male Wistar rats were divided on postnatal (PN) day 3 in litters of 3 (small litter, SL), 10 (normal litter, NL), or 16 pups/dam (large litter, LL). We assessed body weight gain for 60 days, adiponectin concentration, and white adipose tissue weight. We examined the response of SL, NL, and LL rats on body weight gain, food intake, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), calorimetry, locomotor activity, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression in the hypothalamus, and uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 in the brown adipose tissue after central stimulus with adiponectin. After weaning, SL rats maintained higher body weight gain despite similar food intake compared with NL rats. LL rats showed lower body weight at weaning, with a catch up afterward and higher food intake. Both LL and SL groups had decreased plasma concentrations of adiponectin at PN60. SL rats had increased white adipose tissue. Central injection of adiponectin decreased body weight and food intake and increased V̇o2, RER, calorimetry, p-AMPK and UCP- 1 expression in NL rats, but it had no effect on SL and LL rats, compared with the respective vehicle groups. In conclusion, neonatal under- and overfeeding induced an increase in body weight gain in juvenile and early adult life. Unresponsiveness to central effects of adiponectin contributes to the imbalance of the energy homeostasis in adult life induced by neonatal nutritional programming.

Triazole GHS-R1a antagonists JMV4208 and JMV3002 attenuate food intake, body weight, and adipose tissue mass in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 393 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Holubová ◽  
V. Nagelová ◽  
Z. Lacinová ◽  
M. Haluzík ◽  
D. Sýkora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass

Catecholaminergic innervation of white adipose tissue in Siberian hamsters

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (3) ◽  
pp. R744-R751 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Youngstrom ◽  
T. J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Anterograde Transport ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
Catecholaminergic Innervation ◽  
Fat Pads

When Siberian hamsters are transferred from long summerlike days (LDs) to short winterlike days (SDs) they decrease their body weight, primarily as body fat. These SD-induced decreases in lipid stores are not uniform. Internally located white adipose tissue (WAT) pads are depleted preferentially of lipid, whereas the more externally located subcutaneous WAT pads are relatively spared. These data suggest a possible differential sympathetic neural control over catecholamine-induced lipolysis and that lipolytic rates are greater for internal vs. external WAT pads. Moreover, if these differential rates of lipolysis are due to differential sympathetic nervous system (SNS) drives on the pads, then fat pad-specific catecholaminergic innervation may exist. Therefore, we tested whether inguinal WAT (IWAT; an external pad) and epididymal WAT (EWAT; an internal pad) were innervated differentially. In addition, we tested whether norepinephrine (NE) turnover (TO) reflected the presumed greater SNS drive on EWAT vs. IWAT after SD exposure. Injections of fluorescent tract tracers [Fluoro-Gold or indocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI)] demonstrated projections from the SNS ganglia T13-L3 to both fat pads. Retrograde labeling revealed a relatively separate pattern of distribution of labeled neurons in the ganglia projecting to each pad. In vivo anterograde transport of DiI resulted in labeling in both IWAT and EWAT that included staining around individual adipocytes and occasionally retrogradely labeled cells. The proportionately greater decrease in EWAT compared with IWAT mass after 5 wk of SD exposure was reflected in greater EWAT NE TO than found in their LD counterparts for this pad.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Individual housing of male C57BL/6J mice after weaning impairs growth and predisposes for obesity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidewij Schipper ◽  
Steffen van Heijningen ◽  
Giorgio Karapetsas ◽  
Eline M. van der Beek ◽  
Gertjan van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Individual Housing ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

AbstractIndividual housing from weaning onwards resulted in reduced growth rate during adolescence in male C57Bl/6J mice that were housed individually, while energy intake and energy expenditure were increased compared to socially housed counterparts. At 6 weeks of age, these mice had reduced lean body mass, but significantly higher white adipose tissue mass compared to socially housed mice. Body weight gain of individually housed animals exceeded that of socially housed mice during adulthood, with elevations in both energy intake and expenditure. At 18 weeks of age, individually housed mice showed higher adiposity and higher mRNA expression of UCP-1 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Exposure to an obesogenic diet starting at 6 weeks of age further amplified body weight gain and adipose tissue deposition. This study shows that post-weaning individual housing of male mice results in impaired adolescent growth and higher susceptibility to obesity in adulthood. Mice are widely used to study obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities. For (metabolic) research models using mice, (social) housing practices should be carefully considered and regarded as a potential confounder due to their modulating effect on metabolic health outcomes.

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