Role of cardiac natriuretic peptides in seawater adaptation of medaka embryos as revealed by loss-of-function analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 304 (6) ◽  
pp. R423-R434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Miyanishi ◽  
Kataaki Okubo ◽  
Toyoji Kaneko ◽  
Yoshio Takei
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Seawater Adaptation ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides

Cardiac natriuretic peptides (atrial natriuretic peptide, ANP; b-type natriuretic peptide, BNP; ventricular natriuretic peptide, VNP) and their direct ancestor C-type natriuretic peptide 3 (CNP3) exert potent osmoregulatory actions in fish. However, very little is known about their roles in embryonic osmoregulation. In this study, we performed loss-of-function analysis using euryhaline medaka ( Oryzias latipes), which has lost ANP and VNP during evolution and thus possesses only BNP and CNP3. We found that the maintenance of whole-body osmolality in seawater embryos was impaired by the knockdown of BNP+OLGC7 (BNP receptor) or CNP3 alone from 1 day postfertilization, and the CNP3 knockdown was accompanied by greater water loss. The impaired osmoregulation in the knockdown embryos was not due to the suppressed expression of major transporters for NaCl excretion via ionocytes or of key enzyme genes for metabolic water production, but to the impaired blood circulation to the yolk-sac membrane caused by abnormal heart development. We detected a strong positive correlation between impaired blood circulation and increased body fluid osmolality and pharmacological blockade of blood flow increased body fluid osmolality in seawater embryos. We also found that the exaggerated water loss in CNP3 knockdown embryos is related to the failure to suppress aquaporin (AQP3, AQP4, and AQP9) gene expression. These results show that CNP3 decrease water permeability of body surfaces and that both BNP and CNP3 ensure sufficient blood flow to the yolk-sac membrane for efficient salt excretion by ionocytes and sufficient water production by yolk metabolism to promote seawater adaptation during early development in medaka.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Pleiotropic Effects of Natriuretic Peptides

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (16) ◽  
pp. 3874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forte ◽  
Madonna ◽  
Schiavon ◽  
Valenti ◽  
Versaci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Pleiotropic Effects ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cardiac Phenotype

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a cardiac hormone belonging to the family of natriuretic peptides (NPs). ANP exerts diuretic, natriuretic, and vasodilatory effects that contribute to maintain water–salt balance and regulate blood pressure. Besides these systemic properties, ANP displays important pleiotropic effects in the heart and in the vascular system that are independent of blood pressure regulation. These functions occur through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Previous works examining the cardiac phenotype of loss-of-function mouse models of ANP signaling showed that both mice with gene deletion of ANP or its receptor natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) developed cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in response to pressure overload and chronic ischemic remodeling. Conversely, ANP administration has been shown to improve cardiac function in response to remodeling and reduces ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. ANP also acts as a pro-angiogenetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherosclerotic factor in the vascular system. Pleiotropic effects regarding brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) were also reported. In this review, we discuss the current evidence underlying the pleiotropic effects of NPs, underlying their importance in cardiovascular homeostasis.

scholarly journals INTERACTING DISCIPLINES: Cardiac natriuretic peptides and obesity: perspectives from an endocrinologist and a cardiologist

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. R25-R36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo R Ramos ◽  
Andreas L Birkenfeld ◽  
Adolfo J de Bold
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Systolic Heart Failure ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic

Since their discovery in 1981, the cardiac natriuretic peptides (cNP) atrial natriuretic peptide (also referred to as atrial natriuretic factor) and brain natriuretic peptide have been well characterised in terms of their renal and cardiovascular actions. In addition, it has been shown that cNP plasma levels are strong predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality in populations with no apparent heart disease as well as in patients with established cardiac pathology. cNP secretion from the heart is increased by humoral and mechanical stimuli. The clinical significance of cNP plasma levels has been shown to differ in obese and non-obese subjects. Recent lines of evidence suggest important metabolic effects of the cNP system, which has been shown to activate lipolysis, enhance lipid oxidation and mitochondrial respiration. Clinically, these properties lead to browning of white adipose tissue and to increased muscular oxidative capacity. In human association studies in patients without heart disease higher cNP concentrations were observed in lean, insulin-sensitive subjects. Highly elevated cNP levels are generally observed in patients with systolic heart failure or high blood pressure, while obese and type-2 diabetics display reduced cNP levels. Together, these observations suggest that the cNP system plays a role in the pathophysiology of metabolic vascular disease. Understanding this role should help define novel principles in the treatment of cardiometabolic disease.

scholarly journals Increase in circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic peptides after hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women

2001 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia MAFFEI ◽  
Silvia DEL RY ◽  
Concetta PRONTERA ◽  
Aldo CLERICO
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Circulating Levels

The mechanisms that mediate the cardioprotective action of steroid hormones in postmenopausal women are poorly understood. To study the inter-relationship between female steroid hormones and cardiac natriuretic peptides, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were measured in postmenopausal women, both before and after oestrogen replacement therapy. A total of 22 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age 51.9±4.6 years) were enrolled in the study; all had been postmenopausal for at least 1 year and all reported climacteric symptoms accompanied by increased levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (>30m-i.u./ml) and luteinizing hormone (>20m-i.u./ml), and a reduction in oestradiol (<25pg/ml). All women were given hormone replacement therapy with transdermal oestradiol, either patch (50μg/24 h) or gel (1mg/day), cyclically combined with oral dihydrogesterone (10mg/day for 12 days/month, on days 19-30 of the month). ANP and BNP were measured directly in plasma samples with specific and sensitive immunoradiometric assays before and after hormone replacement therapy (transdermal oestradiol combined with oral dihydrogesterone). Body weight, arterial blood pressure and echocardiographic examination values did not change after hormone replacement therapy. As expected, serum oestradiol increased significantly and gonadotropins decreased as an effect of the hormone replacement therapy. On average, both ANP and BNP had increased significantly after 3 months of hormone replacement therapy [ANP: before treatment, 17.6±9.6pg/ml; after, 23.6±5.6pg/ml (P = 0.0173); BNP: before treatment, 12.6±10.2pg/ml; after, 19.8±14.0pg/ml (P<0.0001)]. Our study indicates that hormone replacement therapy for a period of 3 months induces a rise in the circulating levels of cardiac natriuretic hormones in postmenopausal women. Our data also suggest the working hypothesis that cardiac natriuretic peptides may play an important role in mediating the cardioprotective effects of female steroid sex hormones in women throughout life.

scholarly journals Elimination of the Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and N-Terminal proBNP by Hemodialysis

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1071-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Günther Wahl ◽  
Stephanie Graf ◽  
Harald Renz ◽  
Winfried Fassbinder
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides

scholarly journals Measurement of Cardiac Natriuretic Hormones (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide, Brain Natriuretic Peptide, and Related Peptides) in Clinical Practice: The Need for a New Generation of Immunoassay Methods

2000 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1529-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldo Clerico ◽  
Silvia Del Ry ◽  
Daniela Giannessi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Brain Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Background: Cardiac natriuretic hormones (CNHs) are a family of related peptides, including atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and other peptides derived from the N-terminal portion of the proANP and proBNP peptide chains. Assays for cardiac natriuretic peptides have been proposed to help assess clinical conditions associated with expanded fluid volume. In particular, the assays can be useful for distinguishing healthy subjects from patients in different stages of heart failure. Measurements of these hormones have also been considered for prognostic indicators of long-term survival in patients with heart failure and/or after acute myocardial infarction. The different CNHs differ in their production/secretion patterns and have different clearance rates. Furthermore, there are numerous proposed assay configurations for each of these hormones, and it is not clear which assay provides the best pathophysiological and/or clinical information. Approach: Here we review recent studies concerning the competitive (such as RIA, enzyme immunoassay, or luminescence immunoassay) and noncompetitive immunoassays (such as two-site IRMA, ELISA, or immunoluminometric assay) for the different cardiac natriuretic peptides to compare the analytical characteristics and clinical relevance of assays for the different CNHs and the different assay formats. Content: Developing sensitive, precise, and accurate immunoassays for cardiac natriuretic peptides has been difficult because of their low concentrations (on average, ∼3–6 pmol/L) in healthy subjects and because of their structural, metabolic, and physiological characteristics. Competitive assays have historically suffered from lack of sensitivity and specificity for the biologically active peptides. These usually require tedious extraction procedures prior to analysis. Recently, immunometric assays have been developed that have improved sensitivity and specificity; it appears these will be the methods of choice. Summary: To date, there is no consensus on the best assay procedure of cardiac natriuretic peptides. To facilitate widespread propagation of determination of these hormones in routine clinical practice, it will be necessary to study the new generation of noncompetitive immunometric methods that are less time-consuming and more sensitive and specific. Although several studies suggest that BNP exhibits better clinical utility than the other CNHs, more studies examining multiple CNHs in the same cohorts of patients will be necessary.

scholarly journals Natriuretic Peptide Expression and Function in GH3 Somatolactotropes and Feline Somatotrope Pituitary Tumours

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1076
Author(s):  
Samantha M. Mirczuk ◽  
Christopher J. Scudder ◽  
Jordan E. Read ◽  
Victoria J. Crossley ◽  
Jacob T. Regan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Tumour Volume ◽  
Pituitary Tumour ◽  
Gh3 Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pituitary Tumours ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
And Function

Patients harbouring mutations in genes encoding C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP; NPPC) or its receptor guanylyl cyclase B (GC-B, NPR2) suffer from severe growth phenotypes; loss-of-function mutations cause achondroplasia, whereas gain-of-function mutations cause skeletal overgrowth. Although most of the effects of CNP/GC-B on growth are mediated directly on bone, evidence suggests the natriuretic peptides may also affect anterior pituitary control of growth. Our previous studies described the expression of NPPC and NPR2 in a range of human pituitary tumours, normal human pituitary, and normal fetal human pituitary. However, the natriuretic peptide system in somatotropes has not been extensively explored. Here, we examine the expression and function of the CNP/GC-B system in rat GH3 somatolactotrope cell line and pituitary tumours from a cohort of feline hypersomatotropism (HST; acromegaly) patients. Using multiplex RT-qPCR, all three natriuretic peptides and their receptors were detected in GH3 cells. The expression of Nppc was significantly enhanced following treatment with either 100 nM TRH or 10 µM forskolin, yet only Npr1 expression was sensitive to forskolin stimulation; the effects of forskolin and TRH on Nppc expression were PKA- and MAPK-dependent, respectively. CNP stimulation of GH3 somatolactotropes significantly inhibited Esr1, Insr and Lepr expression, but dramatically enhanced cFos expression at the same time point. Oestrogen treatment significantly enhanced expression of Nppa, Nppc, Npr1, and Npr2 in GH3 somatolactotropes, but inhibited CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation. Finally, transcripts for all three natriuretic peptides and receptors were expressed in feline pituitary tumours from patients with HST. NPPC expression was negatively correlated with pituitary tumour volume and SSTR5 expression, but positively correlated with D2R and GHR expression. Collectively, these data provide mechanisms that control expression and function of CNP in somatolactotrope cells, and identify putative transcriptional targets for CNP action in somatotropes.

scholarly journals Natriureticus peptidek mérése szívelégtelen betegekben: a helyes laboratóriumi és klinikai gyakorlat

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (31) ◽  
pp. 1235-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gábor Kovács ◽  
Noémi Nyolczas ◽  
Tamás Habon ◽  
Róbert Sepp ◽  
Zsolt Piroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Laboratory Medicine ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Cardiac Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Failure Prognosis

Cardiac natriuretic peptides (BNP, NT-proBNP) play a pivotal role in cardiovascular homeostasis, mainly due to their roles in vasodilatation, natriuresis, diuresis and due to their antiproliferative properties. Proper measurement of the natriuretic peptide levels may help differentiate between respiratory and cardiac forms of dyspnea, diagnose early forms of heart failure, evaluate severity of heart failure (prognosis) and monitor the efficacy of therapy. In many countries natriuretic peptide levels are being used as one of the earliest diagnostics tools to evaluate the involvement of the heart. Current theoretical and clinical data confirm the importance of natriuretic peptides in routine healthcare. These roles are clearly described in international recommendations and guidelines. In the current review the authors discuss the problems of the measurement of natriuretic peptides in Hungary, including several aspects related to laboratory medicine, cardiology and health economy. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(31), 1235–1245.

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