scholarly journals Type 1 cannabinoid receptor modulates water deprivation-induced homeostatic responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (11) ◽  
pp. R1358-R1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia G. Ruginsk ◽  
Fernanda M. V. Vechiato ◽  
Ernane T. Uchoa ◽  
Lucila L. K. Elias ◽  
Jose Antunes-Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor

The present study investigated the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) as a potential candidate to mediate the homeostatic responses triggered by 24 h of water deprivation, which constitutes primarily a hydroelectrolytic challenge and also significantly impacts energy homeostasis. The present results demonstrated for the first time that CB1R mRNA expression is increased in the hypothalamus of water-deprived (WD) rats. Furthermore, the administration of ACEA, a CB1R selective agonist, potentiated WD-induced dipsogenic effect, whereas AM251, a CB1R antagonist, attenuated not only water but also salt intake in response to WD. In parallel with the modulation of thirst and salt appetite, we confirmed that CB1Rs are essential for the development of appropriated neuroendocrine responses. Although the administration of ACEA or AM251 did not produce any effects on WD-induced arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion, oxytocin (OXT) plasma concentrations were significantly decreased in WD rats treated with ACEA. At the genomic level, ACEA significantly decreased AVP and OXT mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of WD rats, whereas AM251 potentiated both basal and WD-induced stimulatory effects on the transcription of AVP and OXT genes. In addition, we showed that water deprivation alone upregulated proopiomelanocortin, Agouti-related peptide, melanin-concentrating hormone, and orexin A mRNA levels in the hypothalamus, and that CB1Rs regulate main central peptidergic pathways controlling food intake, being that most of these effects were also significantly influenced by the hydration status. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that CB1Rs participate in the homeostatic responses regulating fluid balance and energy homeostasis during water deprivation.

The type-1 cannabinoid receptor modulates the hydroelectrolytic balance independently of the energy homeostasis during salt load

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 43-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M.V. Vechiato ◽  
P.M.S. Rivas ◽  
S.G. Ruginsk ◽  
B.C. Borges ◽  
L.L.K. Elias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Salt Load ◽  
Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor

scholarly journals Estrogens and Spermiogenesis: New Insights from Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor Knockout Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Cacciola ◽  
Teresa Chioccarelli ◽  
Silvia Fasano ◽  
Riccardo Pierantoni ◽  
Gilda Cobellis
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Chemicals ◽  
Complex Mechanism ◽  
Autocrine Factors ◽  
Estrogenic Effects ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor

Spermatogenesis is a complex mechanism which allows the production of male gametes; it consists of mitotic, meiotic, and differentiation phases. Spermiogenesis is the terminal differentiation process during which haploid round spermatids undergo several biochemical and morphological changes, including extensive remodelling of chromatin and nuclear shape. Spermiogenesis is under control of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors, like gonadotropins and testosterone. More recently, emerging pieces of evidence are suggesting that, among these factors, estrogens may have a role. To date, this is a matter of debate and concern because of the agonistic and antagonistic estrogenic effects that environmental chemicals may have on animal and human with damaging outcome on fertility. In this review, we summarize data which fuel this debate, with a particular attention to our recent results, obtained using type 1 cannabinoid receptor knockout male mice as animal model.

Astroglial type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1): A new player in the tripartite synapse

Neuroscience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 323 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Oliveira da Cruz ◽  
L.M. Robin ◽  
F. Drago ◽  
G. Marsicano ◽  
M. Metna-Laurent
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Tripartite Synapse ◽  
Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor

scholarly journals Activation of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Angiotensin (Ang) II Type 1 Receptor by Ang II Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2621
Author(s):  
Maxime Pellegrin ◽  
Karima Bouzourène ◽  
Jean-François Aubert ◽  
Aimable Nahimana ◽  
Michel Duchosal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Plaque Vulnerability ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Angiotensin (Ang) II triggers vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque development. Bone marrow (BM)-derived cells are key players in atherogenesis but whether Ang II induces plaque vulnerability directly through Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) activation on these cells remains to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated whether a lack of AT1R on BM-derived cells might affect Ang II-mediated vulnerable plaque development. The 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) model (Ang II-dependent mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques) was generated in ApoE−/− mice transplanted with AT1aR−/− or AT1aR+/+ BM. Plasma cholesterol as well as hepatic mRNA expression levels of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were significantly lower in 2K1C mice transplanted with AT1aR−/− BM than in controls. Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly smaller in AT1aR−/− BM 2K1C mice (−79% in the aortic sinus and −71% in whole aorta compared to controls). Plaques from AT1aR−/− BM 2K1C mice exhibited reduced lipid core/fibrous cap and macrophage/smooth muscle cells ratios (−82% and −88%, respectively), and increased collagen content (+70%), indicating a more stable phenotype. Moreover, aortic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p35, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in AT1aR−/− BM 2K1C mice. No significant differences in either the number of circulating Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes and Ly6Clow resident anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets, or in mRNA levels of aortic M1 or M2 macrophage markers were observed between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in splenic mRNA levels of T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) markers between the two groups. In conclusion, direct AT1R activation by Ang II on BM-derived cells promotes hepatic mRNA expression of cholesterol-metabolism-related genes and vascular mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may lead to plaque instability.

scholarly journals Constitutive Changes in Circulating Follicular Helper T Cells and Their Subsets in Patients with Graves’ Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Xinwang Yuan ◽  
Xiaofang Li ◽  
Dawei Cui ◽  
Jue Xie
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tfh Cells ◽  
Follicular Helper

Background. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are critical for high-affinity antibody generation and B cell maturation and differentiation, which play important roles in autoimmune diseases. Graves’ disease (GD) is one prototype of common organ-specific autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) characterized by autoreactive antibodies, suggesting a possible role for Tfh cells in the pathogenesis of GD. Our objective was to explore the role of circulating Tfh cell subsets and associated plasma cells (PCs) in patients with GD. Methods. Thirty-six patients with GD and 20 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in this study. The frequencies of circulating Tfh cell subsets and PCs were determined by flow cytometry, and plasma cytokines, including interleukin- (IL-) 21, IL-4, IL-17A, and interferon- (IFN-) γ, were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The mRNA expression of transcription factors (Bcl-6, T-bet, GATA-3, and RORγt) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was evaluated by real-time quantitative PCR. Results. Compared with HC, the frequencies of circulating CD4+CXCR5+CD45RA−Tfh (cTfh) cells with ICOS and PD-1 expression, the Tfh2 subset (CXCR3−CCR6−Tfh) cells, and PCs (CD19+CD27highCD38high) were significantly increased in the GD patients, but the frequencies of Tfh1 (CXCR3+CCR6−Tfh) and Tfh17 (CXCR3−CCR6+Tfh) subset cells among CD4+T cells were significantly decreased in GD patients. The plasma concentrations of IL-21, IL-4, and IL-17A were elevated in GD patients. Additionally, a positive correlation was found between the frequency of PD-1+Tfh cells (Tfh2 or PCs) and plasma IL-21 concentration (or serum TPO-Ab levels). The mRNA levels of transcription factors (GATA-3 and RORγt) were significantly increased, but T-bet and Bcl-6 mRNA expression was not obviously varied in PBMCs from GD patients. Interestingly, Tfh cell subsets and PCs from GD patients were partly normalized by treatment. Conclusion. Circulating Tfh cell subsets and PCs might play an important role in the pathogenesis of GD, which are potential clues for GD patients’ interventions.

Anandamide regulates the expression of GnRH1, GnRH2, and GnRH-Rs in frog testis

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (4) ◽  
pp. E475-E487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Chianese ◽  
Vincenza Ciaramella ◽  
Donatella Scarpa ◽  
Silvia Fasano ◽  
Riccardo Pierantoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Sexual Cycle ◽  
Human Testis ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzyme ◽  
Endogenous Production ◽  
Cb1 Antagonist ◽  
Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (either GnRH1 or GnRH2) exerts a local activity in vertebrate testis, including human testis. Relationships between endocannabinoid (eCB) and GnRH systems in gonads have never been elucidated in any species so far. To reveal a cross-talk between eCBs and GnRH at testicular level, we characterized the expression of GnRH ( GnRH1 and GnRH2) as well as GnRH receptor ( GnRH-R1, -R2, and -R3) mRNA in the testis of the anuran amphibian Rana esculenta during the annual sexual cycle; furthermore, the corresponding transcripts were localized inside the testis by in situ hybridization. The possible endogenous production of the eCB, anandamide (AEA), was investigated in testis by analyzing the expression of its biosynthetic enzyme, Nape-pld. Incubations of testis pieces with AEA were carried out in the postreproductive period (June) and in February, when a new spermatogenetic wave takes place. In June, AEA treatment significantly decreased GnRH1 and GnRH-R2 mRNA, stimulated the transcription of GnRH2 and GnRH-R1, and did not affect GnRH-R3 expression. In February, AEA treatment upregulated GnRH2 and GnRH-R3 mRNA, downregulated GnRH-R2, and did not affect GnRH1 and GnRH-R1 expression. These effects were mediated by type 1 cannabinoid receptor ( CB1) since they were fully counteracted by SR141716A (Rimonabant), a selective CB1 antagonist. In conclusion, eCB system modulates GnRH activity in frog testis during the annual sexual cycle in a stage-dependent fashion.

Distribution of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1)-immunoreactive axons in the mouse hypothalamus

2007 ◽  
Vol 503 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Wittmann ◽  
Levente Deli ◽  
Imre Kalló ◽  
Erik Hrabovszky ◽  
Masahiko Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Type 1 Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Immunoreactive Axons
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