Diet, lighting, and food intake affect norepinephrine turnover in dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (2) ◽  
pp. R402-R408 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Yoshida ◽  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
M. Fukushima ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of dietary fat content, lighting cycle, and feeding time on norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue, heart, and pancreas, and on blood 3-hydroxybutyrate, serum glucose, insulin, and corticosterone have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to dietary obesity, have a more rapid turnover of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue and heart and a greater increase in the concentration of norepinephrine in brown fat when eating a high-fat diet than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. Light cycle and feeding schedule are important modulators of sympathetic activity in heart and pancreas but not in brown fat. Rats of the resistant strain also have higher blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and lower insulin and corticosterone levels than do rats of the susceptible strain. A high-fat diet increases 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations and reduces insulin levels in both strains. These studies show, in rats eating a high-fat diet, that differences in norepinephrine turnover, particularly in brown adipose tissue, may play an important role in whether dietary obesity develops and in the manifestations of resistance to this phenomenon observed in the S 5B/Pl rat.

Brown fat thermogenesis in a rat model of dietary obesity

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. R756-R762 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
J. R. Lupien ◽  
R. D. Wood ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
R. A. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of chronic feeding of a high-fat diet or a cafeteria-type diet on weight gain and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue as measured by the binding of a purine nucleotide (guanosine 5'-diphosphate, GDP) to mitochondria of brown adipose tissue have been studied in two strains of rats that differ in their susceptibility to dietary obesity. S 5B/Pl rats, which are resistant to developing obesity when eating a high-fat diet or drinking sucrose solutions, have greater specific GDP binding in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) than do Osborne-Mendel rats, which are sensitive to fat-induced obesity. A high-fat diet, fed isoenergetically to the low-fat diet, did not increase the growth of IBAT and decreased specific GDP binding in both strains. Feeding a cafeteria diet resulted in obesity and increased mass and protein content of the IBAT in both strains of rats. However, specific GDP binding increased in response to cafeteria feeding only in the Osborne-Mendel rats. These studies show that thermogenesis, as measured by GDP binding to mitochondria in brown adipose tissue, is suppressed by both isoenergetic and ad libitum feeding of a high-fat diet. The higher basal GDP binding in the brown fat of the S 5B/Pl rats suggests that higher thermogenesis of this tissue contributes to the resistance of this strain to fat-induced obesity. The inability of S 5B/Pl rats to further increase thermogenesis when eating a cafeteria diet may contribute to their becoming obese.

Catecholamine turnover in S 5B/P1 and Osborne-Mendel rats: response to a high-fat diet

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. R290-R295 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
G. A. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Catecholamine Turnover ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose

Catecholamine turnover in response to fasting, cold exposure, and a high-fat diet has been measured in the Osborne-Mendel rat, which readily develops obesity when fed a high-fat diet, and the S 5B/P1 rat, which does not. We have tested the hypothesis that this difference in response to diet might be associated with altered rates of norepinephrine or epinephrine turnover. The endogenous norepinephrine concentration in interscapular brown adipose tissue was significantly greater in fasted S 5B/P1 rats than in fasted Osborne-Mendel rats. The fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue of fasted animals was also greater in the S 5B/P1 rat than in the Osborne-Mendel rat. Cold exposure increased the fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in interscapular brown adipose tissue for both strains of rats but increased the fractional norepinephrine turnover rate in the pancreas in only the Osborne-Mendel rats. The turnover of epinephrine and the adrenal concentration of this hormone were not different between the two strains. Normal and high-fat diets were fed to both strains; the Osborne-Mendel rats were pair fed the high-fat diet to prevent excess weight gain. Endogenous concentrations of norepinephrine in interscapular brown adipose tissue was increased by the high-fat diet; the increase was greater in S 5B/P1 rats. The high-fat diet resulted in increased norepinephrine turnover in interscapular brown adipose tissue of the S 5B/P1 rat but not the Osborne-Mendel rat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Brown adipose tissue metabolism in ob/ob mice: effects of a high-fat diet and adrenalectomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. E149-E157
Author(s):  
H. K. Kim ◽  
D. R. Romsos
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Bat Mitochondria ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Adrenalectomy prevents development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets partly by stimulating the low thermogenic capacity of their brown adipose tissue (BAT). Adrenalectomy, however, fails to prevent development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. Effects of adrenalectomy on BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet were thus examined. ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet developed gross obesity despite normal BAT metabolism, as assessed by rates of norepinephrine turnover in BAT, GDP binding to BAT mitochondria, and GDP-inhibitable, chloride-induced mitochondrial swelling. Adrenalectomy failed to arrest the development of obesity or to influence BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet. Development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet is not associated with low thermogenic capacity of BAT or with adrenal secretions, as it is in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets.

Ventromedial hypothalamic knife-cut lesions in rats resistant to dietary obesity

1984 ◽  
Vol 246 (6) ◽  
pp. R943-R948 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Oku ◽  
G. A. Bray ◽  
J. S. Fisler ◽  
R. Schemmel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Dietary Obesity

The effects of ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) knife-cut lesions on food intake and body weight of S 5B/Pl rats, which are normally resistant to obesity when eating a high-fat diet, were examined in two experiments. In the first experiment body weight increased only slightly after VMH knife-cut lesions when animals were fed pelleted laboratory chow or a 10% corn oil diet. When eating the 30% corn oil diet, however, body weight increased in the VMH knife-cut rats. In the second experiment VMH knife-cut lesions produced a small weight gain in rats fed the 10% fat diet; this manipulation also increased food intake and disrupted the normal diurnal feeding pattern. Changes in the weight of the liver, interscapular brown adipose tissue, and white adipose tissue paralleled the changes in body weight. Plasma insulin increased in the rats eating the 30% corn oil diet ad libitum but not in the VMH-lesioned animals pair fed to the sham-operated rats. Incorporation of 3H from 3H2O into lipid was significantly increased in white fat of animals with VMH knife cuts. Similar results were obtained from incubation of adipose tissue in vitro with insulin and radioactively labeled glucose. These studies show that hypothalamic knife-cut lesions can remove the resistance of the S 5B/Pl rats to obesity when they are fed a high-fat diet.

Control of norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of Syrian hamsters

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (6) ◽  
pp. R960-R968
Author(s):  
S. L. Sigurdson ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Brown Adipose

Sympathetic nervous system activity in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of normal and myopathic Syrian hamsters was assessed by measuring norepinephrine turnover rate (NETR) using [3H]norepinephrine. Acute exposure of normal hamsters to cold (4 degrees C) for 4 or 24 h increased norepinephrine secretion but not resynthesis. By 3 days and at 2 wk in the cold, NETR increased but returned to a normal level by 6 wk. Hamsters were initially hypothermic (to 3 days) then normothermic (2 and 6 wk). Adaptation of normal or myopathic hamsters to high-fat diet or short photoperiod (4 h light, 20 h dark) for up to 12 wk did not alter NETR in BAT. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentration increased rapidly in the cold to reach a maximum level by 24 h at which it remained for 6 wk and was not correlated with changes in NETR in BAT. The high-fat diet did not alter T3 level in normal hamsters; it increased the low T3 level in myopathic hamsters. Short photoperiod induced a transient increase in T3 level in normal hamsters but not in myopathic hamsters. We conclude that the hypertrophied state of BAT in Syrian hamsters adapted to cold, to high-fat diet, or to short photoperiod is not maintained by elevated norepinephrine secretion and that some other factor(s) must be involved. A selective increase in concentration of BAT mitochondrial uncoupling protein in hamsters may be dependent on raised T3 level in serum and/or production in BAT, since both occur in response to cold acclimation but not in response to high-fat diet or short photoperiod.

The novel non‐steroidal MR antagonist finerenone improves metabolic parameters in high‐fat diet‐fed mice and activates brown adipose tissue via AMPK‐ATGL pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 12450-12465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Marzolla ◽  
Alessandra Feraco ◽  
Stefania Gorini ◽  
Caterina Mammi ◽  
Carmen Marrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Defective trophic response of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. E800-E807
Author(s):  
J. Triandafillou ◽  
W. Hellenbrand ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Hamsters with muscular dystrophy (BIO 14.6) have a smaller than normal amount of brown adipose tissue. Two stimuli that promote growth of brown adipose tissue in normal hamsters, short photoperiod and eating a high-fat diet, are here shown to be without effect on brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. Cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue occurs normally [Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Cell Physiol. 8): C18–C22, 1980]. There is a normal rate of turnover of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue of the myopathic hamster but a failure of the tissue to hypertrophy in response to norepinephrine is unlikely since norepinephrine does not appear to mediate the trophic response [Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Endocrinol. Metab. 10): E793–E799, 1984]. Denervation results in a marked reduction in size (protein content) of brown adipose tissue of normal hamsters but has very little effect on the size of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. A central, possibly hypothalamic, defect in the myopathic hamster is postulated to underlie its abnormal control of brown adipose tissue hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals Does a high-fat diet-induced obesity model brown adipose tissue thermogenesis? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S. Perez ◽  
Gabriele D.S. Cordeiro ◽  
Lucimeire S. Santos ◽  
Djane D.A. Espírito-Santo ◽  
Gilson T. Boaventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis
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