scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Grateloupia elliptica, a Red Seaweed, in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppression of Adipogenic Factors in White Adipose Tissue and Increased Thermogenic Factors in Brown Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Geun Lee ◽  
Yu An Lu ◽  
Xining Li ◽  
Ji-Min Hyun ◽  
Hyun-Soo Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity

Obesity is a serious metabolic syndrome characterized by high levels of cholesterol, lipids in the blood, and intracellular fat accumulation in adipose tissues. It is known that the suppression of adipogenic protein expression is an effective approach for the treatment of obesity, and regulates fatty acid storage and transportation in adipose tissues. The 60% ethanol extract of Grateloupia elliptica (GEE), a red seaweed from Jeju Island in Korea, was shown to exert anti-adipogenic activity in 3T3-L1 cells and in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. GEE inhibited intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, and significantly reduced expression of adipogenic proteins. In vivo experiments indicated a significant reduction in body weight, as well as white adipose tissue (WAT) weight, including fatty liver, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin contents. The expression of the adipogenic proteins, SREBP-1 and PPAR-γ, was significantly decreased by GEE, and the expression of the metabolic regulator protein was increased in WAT. The potential of GEE was shown in WAT, with the downregulation of PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α mRNA; in contrast, in brown adipose tissue (BAT), the thermogenic proteins were increased. Collectively, these research findings suggest the potential of GEE as an effective candidate for the treatment of obesity-related issues via functional foods or pharmaceutical agents.

scholarly journals Cajanolactone A, a Stilbenoid From Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp, Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity via Suppressing Energy Intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuohui Luo ◽  
Jiawen Huang ◽  
Zhiping Li ◽  
Zhiwen Liu ◽  
Linchun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose

Cajanolactone A (CLA) is a stilbenoid isolated from Cajanus canjan (L.) Millsp with the potential to prevent postmenopausal obesity. In this study, the effect of CLA on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in female C57BL/6 mice was investigated. It was found that, treatment with CLA reduced the energy intake and effectively protected the mice from HFD-induced body weight gain, fat accumulation within the adipose tissues and liver, and impairment in energy metabolism. Further investigation revealed that CLA significantly down-regulated the expression of ORX, ORXR2, pMCH, and Gal in the hypothalamus and antagonized HFD-induced changes in the expression of UCP1, Pgc-1α, Tfam, and Mfn1 in the inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT); Caveolin-1, MT and UCP3 in the perigonadal white adipose tissue (pWAT); and Pdhb, IRS2, Mttp, Hadhb, and Cpt1b in the liver. CLA also protected the pWAT and liver from HFD-induced mitochondrial damage. However, neither HFD nor CLA showed an effect on the mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) or the expression of UCP1 in the BAT. In summary, our findings suggest that CLA is a potential drug candidate for preventing diet-induced obesity, at least in females. CLA works most likely by suppressing the hypothalamic expression of orexigenic genes, which leads to reduced energy intake, and subsequently, reduced fat accumulation, thereby protecting the adipose tissues and the liver from lipid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

scholarly journals Impact of high-fat diet on vasoconstrictor reactivity of white and brown adipose tissue resistance arteries

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. H485-H494
Author(s):  
Sugata Hazra ◽  
Grant D. Henson ◽  
R. Colton Bramwell ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Lisa A. Lesniewski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Resistance Arteries ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Blood flow regulation is a critical factor for tissue oxygenation and substrate supply. Increased reactivity of arteries to vasoconstrictors may increase vascular resistance, resulting in reduced blood flow. We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet on stiffness and vasoconstrictor reactivity of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) resistance arteries and also investigated the interconversion of both adipose depots in the setting of a HF diet. Vasoconstrictor reactivity and passive morphology and mechanical properties of arteries from B6D2F1 mice (5 mo old) fed normal chow (NC) or a HF diet (8 wk) were measured using pressure myography. Receptor gene expression in WAT and BAT arteries and markers of WAT and BAT were assessed in whole tissue lysates by real-time RT-PCR. Despite greater receptor-independent vasoconstriction (in response to KCl, P < 0.01), vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II ( P < 0.01) was lower in NC-BAT than NC-WAT arteries and similar in response to endothelin-1 ( P = 0.07) and norepinephrine ( P = 0.11) in NC-BAT and NC-WAT arteries. With the exception of BAT artery reactivity to endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, the HF diet tended to attenuate reactivity in arteries from both adipose depots and increased expression of adipose markers in BAT. No significant differences in morphology or passive mechanical properties were found between adipose types or diet conditions. Alterations in gene expression of adipose markers after the HF diet suggest beiging of BAT. An increase in brown adipocytes in the absence of increased BAT mass may be a compensatory mechanism to dissipate excess energy from a HF diet. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite no differences in passive mechanical properties and greater receptor-independent vasoconstriction, receptor-mediated vasoconstriction was either lower in brown than white adipose tissue arteries or similar in brown and white adipose tissue arteries. A high-fat diet has a greater impact on vasoconstrictor responses in white adipose tissue but leads to altered adipose tissue gene expression consistent with beiging of the brown adipose tissue. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/vasoconstriction-in-white-and-brown-adipose/ .

scholarly journals Investigation of angiogenic factors in obese rats exposed to low oxygen pressure

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Meral Dağ ◽  
Muhittin Yürekli
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Important Health

Objective: Obesity, which is one of the most important health problems of today's people, remains current due to the risks of illness it brings due to the increase rate in the world. Material and Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were used in our study of obesity. Rats were divided into four groups as standard diet/ normal oxygen, standard diet/low oxygen, high-fat diet/normal oxygen and high-fat diet / low oxygen. For the study, a special cage with a low oxygen level of 17-18% was made in a closed system. After achieving the desired 25% weight increase in obese group rats, blood, liver, lung, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue were obtained from the rats. In these tissues, adrenomedullin, hypoxic inducible factor 1-α (HIF1-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-II (MMP-II) levels were measured by ELISA. Results: According to our results, there was a significant increase in adrenomedullin, HIF1-α and MMP-II in white adipose tissue, and adrenomedullin and MMP-II in brown adipose tissue. It was found that the amount of HIF1-α increased significantly in liver and lung tissues. Conclusion: According to the metabolic status of adipose tissue, it is thought that the effect of adrenomedullin, HIF1-α and MMP-II can increase vascularization of brown adipose tissue and provide energy consumption.

Brown adipose tissue metabolism in ob/ob mice: effects of a high-fat diet and adrenalectomy

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. E149-E157
Author(s):  
H. K. Kim ◽  
D. R. Romsos
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Adipose Tissue Metabolism ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Bat Mitochondria ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Thermogenic Capacity

Adrenalectomy prevents development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets partly by stimulating the low thermogenic capacity of their brown adipose tissue (BAT). Adrenalectomy, however, fails to prevent development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet. Effects of adrenalectomy on BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet were thus examined. ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet developed gross obesity despite normal BAT metabolism, as assessed by rates of norepinephrine turnover in BAT, GDP binding to BAT mitochondria, and GDP-inhibitable, chloride-induced mitochondrial swelling. Adrenalectomy failed to arrest the development of obesity or to influence BAT metabolism in ob/ob mice fed the high-fat diet. Development of obesity in ob/ob mice fed a high-fat diet is not associated with low thermogenic capacity of BAT or with adrenal secretions, as it is in ob/ob mice fed high-carbohydrate stock diets.

The novel non‐steroidal MR antagonist finerenone improves metabolic parameters in high‐fat diet‐fed mice and activates brown adipose tissue via AMPK‐ATGL pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 12450-12465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Marzolla ◽  
Alessandra Feraco ◽  
Stefania Gorini ◽  
Caterina Mammi ◽  
Carmen Marrese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Defective trophic response of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters

1984 ◽  
Vol 247 (6) ◽  
pp. E800-E807
Author(s):  
J. Triandafillou ◽  
W. Hellenbrand ◽  
J. Himms-Hagen
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Normal Amount ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Hamsters with muscular dystrophy (BIO 14.6) have a smaller than normal amount of brown adipose tissue. Two stimuli that promote growth of brown adipose tissue in normal hamsters, short photoperiod and eating a high-fat diet, are here shown to be without effect on brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. Cold-induced growth of brown adipose tissue occurs normally [Am. J. Physiol. 239 (Cell Physiol. 8): C18–C22, 1980]. There is a normal rate of turnover of norepinephrine in brown adipose tissue of the myopathic hamster but a failure of the tissue to hypertrophy in response to norepinephrine is unlikely since norepinephrine does not appear to mediate the trophic response [Am. J. Physiol. 247 (Endocrinol. Metab. 10): E793–E799, 1984]. Denervation results in a marked reduction in size (protein content) of brown adipose tissue of normal hamsters but has very little effect on the size of brown adipose tissue of myopathic hamsters. A central, possibly hypothalamic, defect in the myopathic hamster is postulated to underlie its abnormal control of brown adipose tissue hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Does a high-fat diet-induced obesity model brown adipose tissue thermogenesis? A systematic review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela S. Perez ◽  
Gabriele D.S. Cordeiro ◽  
Lucimeire S. Santos ◽  
Djane D.A. Espírito-Santo ◽  
Gilson T. Boaventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Plus Hydroxytyrosol Supplementation Against White Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (19) ◽  
pp. 4433
Author(s):  
Paola Illesca ◽  
Rodrigo Valenzuela ◽  
Alejandra Espinosa ◽  
Francisca Echeverría ◽  
Sandra Soto-Alarcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism ◽  
Ppar Γ

Objective: Obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD) elicits white adipose tissue dysfunction. In this study, we have hypothesized that the metabolic modulator eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) combined with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol (HT) attenuates HFD-induced white adipose tissue (WAT) alterations. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were administered with a HFD (60% fat, 20% protein, 20% carbohydrates) or control diet (CD; 10% fat, 20% protein, 70% carbohydrates), with or without EPA (50 mg/kg/day), HT (5 mg/kg/day), or both for 12 weeks. Determinations in WAT include morphological parameters, EPA and docosahexaenoic acid content in phospholipids (gas chromatography), lipogenesis, oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation markers, and gene expression and activities of transcription factors, such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) (p65 subunit) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) (quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay). Results: HFD led to WAT hypertrophy in relation to PPAR-γ downregulation. WAT metabolic dysfunction was characterized by upregulation of lipogenic SREBP-1c system, mitochondrial energy metabolism depression, loss of the antioxidant Nrf2 signaling with OS enhancement, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids depletion and activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB system. EPA and HT co-supplementation diminished HFD-dependent effects additively, reaching values close or similar to controls. Conclusion: Data presented strengthen the importance of combined protocols such as EPA plus HT to attenuate metabolic-inflammatory states triggered by obesity.

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