Dietary lipid modulation of connective tissue matrix in rat abdominal aorta

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (3) ◽  
pp. R389-R394 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hodgkin ◽  
R. D. Gilbert ◽  
P. J. Roos ◽  
L. B. Sandberg ◽  
R. J. Boucek
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Tissue Matrix

Dietary lipid modulation of structural and passive mechanical properties of isolated rat abdominal aortic segments were assessed during the early developmental period. Rats were raised from conception to 90 days of age on semisynthetic diets containing various types and amounts of lipids. Aortic segments from three groups of rats fed high-fat diets (15%, wt/wt) consisting of olive oil, corn oil, or lard as the sole lipid sources were compared with those from rats fed a low-fat control diet containing corn oil (5%, wt/wt). Morphometric analysis of the tunica media demonstrated that rats raised on diets with a relatively low polyunsaturated fatty acid content (olive oil and lard) had greater numbers of elastic lamellae than rats raised on diets with opposite fatty acid indexes (high- and low-fat corn oil). Changes in elastin content of the tunica media, determined biochemically, paralleled those seen by morphometric analysis of the elastic lamellar number. Altered dietary fatty acid ratios were also associated with changes in smooth muscle cell number. In this regard, a decreased cellular density was observed in the olive oil and lard diets compared with the corn oil diet. The olive oil diet was unique amongst the dietary lipid regimens in raising, whereas the lard-containing diet lowered, indexes of aortic tissue elasticity. These results demonstrate an effect of chronic feeding of high dietary fat on the composition and biomechanical properties of the connective tissue matrix of abdominal aortic rings from young Sprague-Dawley rats.

Dietary lipids modify receptor- and non-receptor-dependent components of alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated contraction

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (6) ◽  
pp. R1465-R1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D. Hodgkin ◽  
R. J. Boucek ◽  
R. E. Purdy ◽  
W. J. Pearce ◽  
I. M. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Alpha Adrenoceptor ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Dietary lipid modulation of alpha-adrenoceptor (adrenergic receptor)- and non-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile properties of isolated rat abdominal aortic segments were assessed during the early developmental period. Rats were raised from conception to 90 days of age on semisynthetic diets containing various types and amounts of lipids. Aortic segments from three groups of rats fed high-fat diets (15% wt/wt) consisting of olive oil, corn oil, or lard as the sole lipid sources were compared with those from rats fed a low-fat control diet containing corn oil (5% wt/wt). alpha-Adrenoceptor activities were assessed by measuring the norepinephrine dose response of the tissue rings with and without partial inactivation of alpha-receptors by benextramine. alpha-Adrenoceptor sensitivity to norepinephrine increased, whereas receptor affinity decreased significantly in rats raised on high-fat diets. Qualitative features of dietary lipids influenced non-adrenoceptor-dependent aspects of vascular contractility. Diets rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (high- and low-fat corn oil) raised the maximum response to norepinephrine and the contractile response to 60 mM potassium compared with more-saturated diets (olive oil and lard). These results demonstrate an effect of chronic feeding of high dietary fat on alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated contractility of abdominal aortic rings from young Sprague-Dawley rats. Qualitative features of dietary lipids also appear to modify receptor-independent parameters of the contractile response of the arterial tissue rings in these animals.

scholarly journals Blood Lipid Components and SREBP-1 Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens Fed Different Dietary Lipid Sources

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Amir Moslehi ◽  
Ali Asghar Sadeghi ◽  
Parvin Shawrang ◽  
Mehdi Aminafshar
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Dietary Lipid ◽  
Lipid Components

Background: Liver plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Intense liver diseases are accompanied with lower concentrations of n-3 and n-6 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). It has been found that n-3 PUFA play importantly protective roles in the liver. There was limited information about the effects of lipid sources on serum lipid components and liver sterol regulatory element binding-1 (SREBP-1) gene expression. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of fish oil, corn oil, olive oil and tallow, respectively, as dietary sources of n-3, n-6, n-9 and saturated fatty acid on serum lipid compound and liver SREBP-1 gene expression in broiler chicks.Materials, Methods & Results: In a completely randomized design, 240 one-day-old broiler chicks were allocated to five dietary treatments, four replicates and 12 chicks per each. Dietary treatments included of: control (diet without lipid supplementation) and diet supplemented with fish oil as a n-3 fatty acid source, corn oil as a n-6 fatty acid source, olive oil as a n-9 fatty acid source and tallow as a saturated fatty acid which were added to diets at 1.5, 3 and 4% in the starter, grower and finisher, respectively. At days 28 and 42 of age, liver tissue was dissected out and samples were placed in liquid nitrogen, also blood samples were collected. The SREBP-1 mRNA expression in liver tissue was quantitated using RT-PCR. Broilers fed diets containing fish oil, corn oil and olive oil as unsaturated fatty acid sources had lower concentrations of triacylglycerol than those fed other diets. Also, diets containing fish oil and tallow showed the lowest low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels at day 28 of age. Diets containing corn oil and olive oil showed higher levels of cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) than other diets but, these differences were not significant at days 28 and 42 of age  (P ≥ 0.05). In both sampling periods, the chickens fed diets containing tallow expressed higher (P < 0.05) SREBP-1 gene as compared to those fed other dietary lipids. Broilers fed diet containing corn oil had higher (P < 0.05) SREBP-1 gene expression than those fed diet containing fish oil and olive oil.Discussion: Serum lipids were affected by dietary fat source. Lower concentration of serum triacylglycerols was found in broilers fed fish oil and corn oil diets as dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acid sources. It was shown that dietary PUFA, especially n-6 and n-3 fatty acids could reduce hepatic fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis. Broilers fed corn oil diet showed elevated LDL levels respect with those fed fish oil or tallow at day 28 of age. The results showed that dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids substantially affected on SREBP-1 gene expression at days 28 and 42 of age. The birds fed fish oil as n-3 PUFA source expressed lower SREBP-1 gene compared with other groups at day 28 of age. Longer chain length, high number of double bonds, and the presence of the first double bond gives these fatty acids distinct and unique properties that separate them and their metabolic products from the more common n-6 and n-9 fatty acids. The finding of this study indicated lipogenic effects of tallow and then corn oil. The results confirmed that each of dietary lipid sources had different effect on serum lipid components. It was also found that SREBP-1 gene expression is age-dependent and it increased as age of broilers increased.

Toward a kinetic theory of connective tissue micromechanics

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Mijailovich ◽  
D. Stamenovic ◽  
J. J. Fredberg
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Fiber Network ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Tissue Matrix ◽  
And Diffusion

The aim of this study is to develop unifying concepts at the microstructural level to account for macroscopic connective tissue dynamics. We establish the hypothesis that rate-dependent and rate-independent dissipative stresses arise in the interaction among fibers in the connective tissue matrix. A quantitative theoretical analysis is specified in terms of geometry and material properties of connective tissue fibers and surrounding constituents. The analysis leads to the notion of slip and diffusion boundary layers, which become unifying concepts in understanding mechanisms that underlie connective tissue elasticity and energy dissipation during various types of loading. The complex three-dimensional fiber network is simplified to the interaction of two ideally elastic fibers that dissipate energy on slipping interface surfaces. The effects of such interactions are assumed to be expressed in the aggregate matrix. Special solutions of the field equations are obtained analytically, whereas the general solution of the model field equations is obtained numerically. The solutions lead to predictions of tissue behavior that are qualitatively, if not quantitatively, consistent with reports of a variety of dynamic moduli, their dependencies on the rate and amplitude of load application, and some features associated with preconditioning.

scholarly journals Cellular control of connective tissue matrix tension

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (8) ◽  
pp. 1714-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene M. Langevin ◽  
Maiken Nedergaard ◽  
Alan K. Howe
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Cellular Control ◽  
Tissue Matrix

The morphology of the connective tissue matrix and lymphatic bed of the external genitalia in primary massive localized lymphedema

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
A.D. Ineshina ◽  
S.V. Savchenko ◽  
N.P. Bgatova ◽  
M.Yu. Soluyanov ◽  
V.V. Nimaev
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Connective Tissue Matrix ◽  
Tissue Matrix
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