Effects of glucose supplementation on gastric emptying, blood glucose homeostasis, and appetite in the elderly

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (2) ◽  
pp. R570-R576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Beckoff ◽  
Caroline G. MacIntosh ◽  
Ian M. Chapman ◽  
Judith M. Wishart ◽  
Howard A. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Older Subjects ◽  
Glucose Supplementation

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of dietary glucose supplementation on gastric emptying (GE) of both glucose and fat, postprandial blood glucose homeostasis, and appetite in eight older subjects (4 males, 4 females, aged 65–84 yr). GE of a drink (15 ml olive oil and 33 g glucose dissolved in 185 ml water), blood glucose, insulin, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and appetite (diet diaries, visual analog scales, and food intake at a buffet meal consumed after the GE study) were evaluated twice, after 10 days on a standard or a glucose-supplemented diet (70 g glucose 3 times a day). Glucose supplementation accelerated GE of glucose ( P < 0.05), but not oil; there was a trend for an increase in GIP (at 15 min, P = 0.06), no change in GLP-1, an earlier insulin peak ( P < 0.01), and a subsequent reduction in blood glucose (at 75 min, P < 0.01). Glucose supplementation had no effect on food intake during each diet so that energy intake was greater ( P < 0.001) during the glucose-supplemented diet. Appetite ratings and energy intake at the buffet meal were not different. We conclude that, in older subjects, glucose supplementation 1) accelerates GE of glucose, but not fat; 2) modifies postprandial blood glucose homeostasis; and 3) increases energy intake.

scholarly journals Intragastric administration of the bitter tastant quinine lowers the glycemic response to a nutrient drink without slowing gastric emptying in healthy men

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (2) ◽  
pp. R263-R273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Bitarafan ◽  
Penelope C. E. Fitzgerald ◽  
Tanya J. Little ◽  
Wolfgang Meyerhof ◽  
Karen L. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Glycemic Response ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Healthy Men

The rate of gastric emptying and the release of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones are major determinants of postprandial blood-glucose concentrations and energy intake. Preclinical studies suggest that activation of GI bitter-taste receptors potently stimulates GI hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and thus may reduce postprandial glucose and energy intake. We evaluated the effects of intragastric quinine on the glycemic response to, and the gastric emptying of, a mixed-nutrient drink and the effects on subsequent energy intake in healthy men. The study consisted of 2 parts: part A included 15 lean men, and part B included 12 lean men (aged 26 ± 2 yr). In each part, participants received, on 3 separate occasions, in double-blind, randomized fashion, intragastric quinine (275 or 600 mg) or control, 30 min before a mixed-nutrient drink ( part A) or before a buffet meal ( part B). In part A, plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, and GLP-1 concentrations were measured at baseline, after quinine alone, and for 2 h following the drink. Gastric emptying of the drink was also measured. In part B, energy intake at the buffet meal was quantified. Quinine in 600 mg (Q600) and 275 mg (Q275) doses alone stimulated insulin modestly ( P < 0.05). After the drink, Q600 and Q275 reduced plasma glucose and stimulated insulin ( P < 0.05), Q275 stimulated GLP-1 ( P < 0.05), and Q600 tended to stimulate GLP-1 ( P = 0.066) and glucagon ( P = 0.073) compared with control. Quinine did not affect gastric emptying of the drink or energy intake. In conclusion, in healthy men, intragastric quinine reduces postprandial blood glucose and stimulates insulin and GLP-1 but does not slow gastric emptying or reduce energy intake under our experimental conditions.

scholarly journals An Investigation into the Effects of Stevia on food intake, satiety and blood glucose levels in adults: a small-scale study

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Farhat ◽  
Lauren Moore ◽  
Inaki Moya ◽  
Lindsay Hall ◽  
Victoria Berset
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

AbstractNon-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) are suggested to reduce sugar and energy content of diet, but there is growing evidence that they can exacerbate obesity and diabetes through increasing appetite and energy intake. Stevia (stevioside extract), a natural sweetener, is being increasingly consumed, yet limited studies have looked at their effects on satiety and energy intake. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of preloads of stevia on food intake, satiety and postprandial blood glucose levels when compared to water and sugar. Thirty participants (10 males/20 females; 26 ± 10.5 years; BMI: 23.44 ± 3.42 Kg/m2) took part in a three-arm single-blinded crossover trial. On separate test days, they received three different preloads (300 ml) containing water, sugar (60g) and stevia (1g) followed by an ad-libitum pizza lunch after 30 minutes. Breakfast was standardized. Blood glucose samples were collected before preload and lunch, and then at 30-minute intervals until 120 min post lunch. Volunteers recorded their feelings of satiety and hunger on visual analogue scales (VAS) before preload and after meal intake. A one-day diet diary was collected for each test day. Data was analysed using repeated measures ANOVA (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Despite the difference in energy content between preloads, there were no significant differences in energy intake at lunch between the three interventions (F (2, 56) = 0.25, p = 0.78). Furthermore, participants did not compensate by consuming more energy during the day after the stevia preload (1660 ± 584 Kcal) compared to sugar preload (1770 ± 763 Kcal, p = 0.82). There were no significant differences in VAS scores between stevia and sugar preloads, but participants scored significantly higher rates of hunger (before and after lunch) and desire to eat (before lunch) following water preload (p < 0.05). No significant differences between water, sugar and stevia were noted for postprandial glucose levels (120 min post lunch) when adjusted from baseline (F (2, 58) = 2.56, p = 0.09). Area under the curve (AUC) for glucose did not differ between water and stevia (p = 0.2). Results are in line with several clinical trials showing that the consumption of sweeteners does not lead to an increase in hunger and energy intake, and could therefore present a useful strategy to assist with weight loss. Further studies looking at long-term effects of stevia on weight regulation are needed to support these findings.

scholarly journals Effect of commercial rye whole-meal bread on postprandial blood glucose and gastric emptying in healthy subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Hlebowicz ◽  
Jenny Maria Jönsson ◽  
Sandra Lindstedt ◽  
Ola Björgell ◽  
Gassan Darwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose

scholarly journals The effect of incorporating fat into different components of a meal on gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Cunningham ◽  
N. W. Read
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽  
The Other ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Normal Volunteers ◽  
Insulin Responses

1. Three studies were carried out in each of six normal volunteers to investigate how lipid, when given at different stages during the course of a meal, affects gastric emptying and postprandial blood glucose and insulin concentrations.2. The control meal consisted of 300 ml beef consommé (50 kJ, 12 kcal), followed 20 min later by 300 g mashed potato (908 kJ, 217 kcal). In the two test meals, 60 g margarine were incorporated into either the soup or the mashed potato.3. The addition of margarine to either component of the meal delayed gastric emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05), but the pattern varied according to the component to which the fat was added.4. Incorporation of fat into the soup increased the lag phase (P< 0.05) but did not influence the slope of emptying of the mashed potato, while incorporation of fat into the mashed potato reduced the slope of emptying of the mashed potato (P< 0.05) but did not influence the lag phase.5. Addition of fat to either component of the meal reduced postprandial blood glucose (P< 0.05) and insulin responses, but when the fat was incorporated in the soup, peak glucose and insulin responses were delayed as well (P< 0.05).6. The results show that the effect of fat on gastric emptying and absorption of nutrients depends on when, in relation to the other components of the meal, the fat is consumed.

scholarly journals Weight-Independent Changes in Blood Glucose Homeostasis After Gastric Bypass or Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 950-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam P. Chambers ◽  
Lene Jessen ◽  
Karen K. Ryan ◽  
Stephanie Sisley ◽  
Hilary E. Wilson–Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Vertical Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Blood Glucose Homeostasis

Short-term effects of milkshake containing polydextrose and maltodextrin on subjective feelings of appetite, energy intake and blood glucose in healthy females

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Mücahit Alptekin ◽  
Ece Erdoğan ◽  
Aylin İşler ◽  
Esma Cansu Yanalak ◽  
Funda Pınar Çakiroğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Dietary Fibers ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Females

Purpose Previous studies have reported that dietary fibers such as polydextrose and maltodextrin can reduce food intake; however, the studies on the differences of this effect are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effects of dietary fibers maltodextrin and polydextrose on alterations of short-term satiety, energy intake and postprandial blood glucose in healthy females. Design/methodology/approach This study was designed as a randomized, crossover and double blind research. For this purpose, 21 healthy females consumed a milkshake containing 0 g (control), 15 g polydextrose (PDX) and 15 g maltodextrin (MDX), and an ad libitum lunch meal was served 150 min later. Subjective appetite scores (hunger, satiety, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) were measured using a visual analog scale. Appetite scores and blood glucose were measured before preload and once per 15 min after milkshake consumption. Findings Visual analog scale scores showed that PDX had an improved effect on satiety and hunger feelings. Compared to the control, dietary fiber increased the Area Under Curve (AUC) scores of satiety (p < 0.001) and decreased the AUC scores of hunger (p < 0.001), prospective food consumption (p < 0.001) and desire to eat (p < 0.001). Energy intake during ad libitum meal was significantly lower in PDX (Control: 862 (54.3) Kcal versus PDX: 679 (35.4) Kcal and MDX: 780 (49.3) Kcal. Moreover, the blood glucose levels were significantly lower in MDX. Originality/value This study conducted with healthy females demonstrated that PDX was more effective in inducing satiety during subsequent food intake, and that postprandial blood glucose were within more healthy levels in MDX.

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