Different effects of hypothermia on two syndromes of positive acceleration

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Stiehm
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Cardiac Failure ◽  
Cerebral Circulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Cardiac Syndrome ◽  
Positive Acceleration ◽  
The Mean

The tolerance to high positive (headward) acceleration at levels of 20–80 G was studied in normal and hypothermic rats. Normal rats have a mean survival time of 680 sec at 20 G, but this decreases to 105 sec at 30 G. Only slight decreases are noted at higher G, suggesting that 30 G is the point at which cerebral circulation is interrupted. Hypothermia at 22.5 C decreases acceleration tolerance at 20 G, but markedly increases acceleration tolerance at 30 G and above. At 40 G this effect is maximal, and the mean survival time for hypothermic rats is 252 sec, compared to 75 sec for controls, an increase of 236%. These different effects of hypothermia on acceleration tolerance suggest that there are two distinct syndromes of physiologic failure during positive acceleration. One is a “cardiac” syndrome, occurring at 20 G and below, characterized by partial maintenance of cerebral circulation until cardiac failure ensues, and the other is a “cerebral” syndrome, occurring at 30 G and above, characterized by immediate interruption of cerebral circulation and respiratory paralysis. Submitted on May 17, 1962

Platelet Suruival and Function in Rats with Enhanced Thrombotic Tendency

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (04) ◽  
pp. 739-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Delaini ◽  
Elisabetta Dejana ◽  
Ine Reyers ◽  
Elisa Vicenzi ◽  
Germana De Bellis Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Function ◽  
Thrombotic Tendency

SummaryWe have investigated the relevance of some laboratory tests of platelet function in predicting conditions of thrombotic tendency. For this purpose, we studied platelet survival, platelet aggregation in response to different stimuli, TxB2 and 6-keto-PGFlα production in serum of rats bearing a nephrotic syndrome induced by adriamycin. These animals show a heavy predisposition to the development of both arterial and venous thrombosis. The mean survival time was normal in nephrotic rats in comparison to controls. As to aggregation tests, a lower aggregating response was found in ADR-treated rats using ADP or collagen as stimulating agents. With arachidonic acid (AA) we observed similar aggregating responses at lower A A concentrations, whereas at higher AA concentrations a significantly lower response was found in nephrotic rats, despite their higher TxB2 production. Also TxB2 and 6-keto-PGFlα levels in serum of nephrotic rats were significantly higher than in controls. No consistent differences were found in PGI2-activity generated by vessels of control or nephrotic rats.These data show that platelet function may appear normal or even impaired in rats with a markedly increased thrombotic tendency. On the other hand, the significance of high TxB2 levels in connection with mechanisms leading to thrombus formation remains a controversial issue.

scholarly journals Laryngeal Neuroendocrine Carcinomas: A Retrospective Study of 14 Cases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingying Zhu ◽  
Liming Gao ◽  
Yunxiao Meng ◽  
Wenwen Diao ◽  
Xiaoli Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Atypical Carcinoid ◽  
Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma ◽  
Typical Carcinoid ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neuroendocrine Carcinomas

Laryngeal neuroendocrine carcinomas (LNECs) are rare and highly heterogeneous which present a wide spectrum of pathological and clinical manifestations. Fourteen patients with histologically demonstrated LNEC were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The 14 cases were classified into 3 subtypes: typical carcinoid in 2, atypical carcinoid in 5, and small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in 7. The mean survival time of the 14 patients in this study was 112.5 months (95% CI, 81.5–143.6). Surgeries were performed for 2 patients of typical carcinoid, and they were alive with no evidence of recurrence after 24 and 47 months of follow-ups. Patients in the atypical carcinoid group were treated with surgeries and postoperative radiotherapy. After 58.4 months of follow-ups (range: 9–144), 2 patients showed no evidence of disease and 1 was lost to follow-up after 72 months. The other 2 patients died of other unrelated diseases. In the small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma group, a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy was applied. The mean survival time was 79.7 months (95% CI, 37.9–121.4), and the 5-year survival rate was 53.6%. In conclusion, the clinical behaviors, treatment protocols, and prognosis are different for each subtype of LNECs.

Effect of Intravenous Iron in Experimental Traumatic Shock

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 554-556
Author(s):  
Donn L. Smith ◽  
Irvin I. Kibbey ◽  
Max E. Bierwagen ◽  
J. R. Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Metal Toxicity ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Traumatic Shock ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Liver Iron ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean

Intravenous administration of colloidal saccharated iron oxide prior to intestinal traumatization in the albino rat resulted in a significant reduction of the mean survival time. Sodium gold thiosulfate and colloidal manganese hydroxide employed in the same manner did not significantly alter mean survival times. ACTH and cortisone did not modify the deleterious effects of iron in experimental traumatic shock. A decrease in soluble liver iron was observed when traumatization followed the injection of iron. It was concluded that the reduction of mean survival time in iron injected, traumatized animals was due to a specific action of iron and is not the result of generalized heavy metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Big End Double-Layer Stents for the Treatment of Gastric Outlet Obstruction Caused by Stomach Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ding Shi ◽  
Dong Wu ◽  
Yongpan Liu ◽  
Feng Ji ◽  
Yinsu Bao
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Stomach Cancer ◽  
Double Layer ◽  
Gastric Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Distal Gastric Cancer ◽  
The Mean

Objectives. This study is aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of the big end double-layer uncovered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) for the treatment of gastric outlet obstruction (GOO) caused by distal stomach cancer.Methods. Seventy three patients receiving big end double-layer uncovered SEMS for the treatment of GOO caused by distal gastric cancer will be included in this multicenter prospective clinical trial. The main outcome measures included the functional outcome, the complications, the reinterventional rates, the average treatment charges, and the mean survival time. Monthly telephone calls were needed to assess the food intake until the patients died.Results. The technical and the clinical success rates were 98.6%. The stent obstruction caused by tumor ingrowth was observed in one patient (1.4%). The incidence of food impaction was 2.9% (2/70) and the reinterventional rate was 4.3% (3/70). However, stent migration and obstruction caused by overgrowth were not observed. No perforation and severe bleeding were observed. The median cost of endoscopic stenting and total hospitalization (including reinterventions) for the big end double-layer uncovered SEMS in this study was $2945 and $3408, respectively. The mean survival time was 212.5 days.Conclusions. The placement of big end double-layer uncovered SEMS is a safe and effective modality and has the potential to be one of the options for the treatment of GOO caused by the distal gastric cancer.

scholarly journals A Combination of UTMD-Mediated HIF-1α shRNA Transfection and TAE in the Treatment of Hepatic Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangying Liao ◽  
Haibo Luo ◽  
Zhizhong He ◽  
Yongpei Kuang ◽  
Peifen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Cancer ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean

To explore the antitumor effect of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α short hairpin RNA (HIF-1α shRNA) delivered by ultrasound targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) and transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) on rats with hepatic cancer. After the models of transplantation hepatoma were established, Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group, UTMD group, TAE group, and UTMD+TAE group. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) was used to monitor tumor size on day 14 after four different treatments. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were applied to measure the protein level of HIF-1α and VEGF in the hepatic cancer tissue. In comparison with UTMD+TAE group (21.25±10.68 days), the mean survival time was noticeably shorter in the Control group and TAE group (13.02±4.30 days and 15.03±7.32 days) (p<0.05, respectively). There was no statistical difference between UTMD+TAE group and UTMD group of the mean survival time (p>0.05). In addition, our results proved that the tumor sizes in UTMD+TAE group were obviously smaller than those in other groups (p<0.05, respectively). By CEUS, we clearly found that the tumor size was the smallest on day 14 in the UTMD+TAE group. The western blotting and immunohistochemistry results proved that the protein levels of HIF-1α and VEGF in UTMD+TAE group were obviously lower than those in TAE group and Control group on days 7 and 14 (p<0.05, respectively). However, there was no statistical difference between UTMD+TAE group and UTMD group (p>0.05). In this study we tried to explore the antitumor effect through a combination of UTMD-mediated HIF-1α shRNA transfection and TAE on rats with hepatic cancer. Our results showed that UTMD-mediated HIF-1α shRNA transfection and TAE can obviously silence HIF-1α and VEGF expression, thereby successfully inhibiting the growth of the tumor.

Relationship Between Survival Rate and Survival-Time of Rabbits, Oryctolagus-Cuniculus (L), Challenged With Myxoma Virus

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Parer
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Myxoma Virus ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Survival Percentage ◽  
The Mean

The mean survival times of small groups of rabbits challenged with myxoma virus have been used to estimate survival rates and to allocate virulence grades to field strains of myxoma virus. The slope of the regression Line relating survival percentage to mean survival time in days was shown to be less steep than has been previously estimated. This overestimation of the regression slope has, in the past, resulted in most field strains of myxoma virus being allocated to the Grade III level of virulence when allocation to Grade I would have been more appropriate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Survival of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Herceptin Compared With Those Who Did Not Receive It

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Ali Akhavan ◽  
Fariba Binesh ◽  
Somaye Sadat Hoseini-Dezki ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Reza Mortazavizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Recurrence Time ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Her2 Positive Breast Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Positive Breast Cancer

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer that affects women. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a gene that plays a significant role in the development of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients who received Herceptin with those who did not receive it in Yazd, Iran.Materials and Methods: Our study was an analytical cross-sectional study. Sampling was done on all patients with HER2-positive invasive ductal carcinoma (HER2 positive) who were referred to Shahid Sadoughi Hospital or Shahid Ramezanzadeh Hospital from 2003 to 2014. The data were collected using a questionnaire, which included questions on age, type of tumor, tumor grade, recurrence history, tumor size, number of lymph nodes, and whethr Hercepin was received or not received. Data were then entered into SPSS version 18 and analyzed by statistical tests.Results: The mean age of the patients was 50.78 ± 10.75 years. The mean survival time was 61.61 ± 2.93 months, and the mean recurrence time was 104.104 ± 41.3 months. The results also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups, despite the higher mean survival time and less recurrence time in patients receiving Herceptin compared with those who did not receive Herceptin (P>.05).Conclusions: According to the results of this study, the efficacy of Herceptin as a neoadjuvant treatment in the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients has not been established.

Vascularized Ulnar Bone Grafts for Limb-Sparing Surgery for the Treatment of Distal Radial OsteosarcomaS

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. Hodge ◽  
Daniel Degner ◽  
Richard Walshaw ◽  
Brian Teunissen
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Survival Time ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Implant Loosening ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
Free Interval ◽  
Cortical Allograft ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Radial Bone

The objective of this retrospective study was to compare vascularized free or roll-in ulnar bone grafts for limb-sparing surgery in dogs with radial osteosarcoma with the cortical allograft, metal endoprosthesis, or distraction osteogenesis techniques. Overall, the ulnar graft techniques used in this study demonstrated excellent healing properties. Complications included recurrence of the tumor in 25% (2/8) of the dogs, metastasis in 50% (4/8) of the dogs, implant loosening in 37.5% (3/8) of the dogs, implant failure in 12.5% (1/8) of the dogs, and infection in 62.5% (5/8) of the dogs. Mean survival time was 29.3 mo (range, 9 to 61 mo). The mean metastasis-free interval was 33.67 mo (range, 8 to 54 mo). Tumors recurred locally in two dogs at 10 mo and 20 mo postoperatively. This study yielded similar long-term complications as other limb-sparing options (such as cortical allografts and metal endoprostheses) and allowed dogs to bear weight on the operated limb with acceptable limb function. More research is needed regarding specific healing times for ulnar vascularized grafts, time until implant removal, and the extent of radial bone that could ultimately be replaced by the ulna.

scholarly journals Promotion of the Toxic Action of Cyclophosphamide by Digestive Tract Luminal Ammonia in Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jury Ju. Ivnitsky ◽  
Timur V. Schäfer ◽  
Vladimir L. Rejniuk
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Mean Survival Time ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lethal Doses

To estimate the influence of the digestive tract luminal ammonia pool on acute toxic effects of cyclophosphamide, the dynamics of blood ammonia, glutamine and urea level, symptoms of toxic action and the survival time have been studied in rats, intraperitoneally treated with cyclophosphamide, at the background of the gavage with non-lethal dose of ammonium acetate (12 mmol/kg, i.e., 0.35 LD50). Ammonium acetate enhanced the hyperammonaemic action of cyclophosphamide while promoting its lethal action: the mean survival time decreased 1.5, 2.1, 2.8, or 6.1 times at the background of cyclophosphamide i/p doses 200, 600, 1000, or 1400 mg/kg, respectively. Animals exposed to the combination of toxicants, manifested symptoms which were characteristic of the effect of lethal doses of ammonia salts. These data provide the evidence of the detrimental role of gastrointestinal luminal ammonia in the acute high-dose cyclophosphamide toxicity.

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