Effect of induced alkalosis on perception of exertion during intermittent exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 1862-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Swank ◽  
R. J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Experimental Trials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of metabolic alkalosis on differentiated ratings of perceived exertion during intermittent high-intensity exercise. Six endurance-trained females participated as subjects in this investigation. Each subject underwent three separate experimental trials in which NaHCO3 was ingested in either a single (0.3 g NaHCO3/kg body wt) or periodic schedule (0.12 g NaHCO3/kg body wt initially, with 0.18 g/kg body wt distributed in equal doses before each 5-min exercise bout). Calcium carbonate served as a placebo control. An intermittent exercise protocol was used in which each subject rode a cycle ergometer at 90% maximum O2 consumption for 5 min. Within each acid-base condition, the exercise protocol was repeated three times with 10-min rest periods interspersed. Differentiated ratings of perceived exertion for the legs (RPE-L), chest (RPE-C), and overall body (RPE-O) were attenuated under alkalotic treatment relative to placebo control regardless of pattern of NaHCO3 administration. RPE-L, RPE-C, and RPE-O were negatively correlated to the bicarbonate concentration of venous blood. This investigation suggests that perception of effort during high-intensity intermittent exercise can be related to buffering capacity of the blood.

Failure of Glycine-Arginine-α-Ketoisocaproic Acid to Improve High-Intensity Exercise Performance in Trained Cyclists

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Beis ◽  
Yaser Mohammad ◽  
Chris Easton ◽  
Yannis P. Pitsiladis
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Supplementation ◽  
Experimental Trials

Oral supplementation with glycine-arginine-α-ketoisocaproic acid (GAKIC) has previously been shown to improve exhaustive high-intensity exercise performance. There are no controlled studies involving GAKIC supplementation in well-trained subjects. The aim of the current study was to examine the effects of GAKIC supplementation on fatigue during high-intensity, repeated cycle sprints in trained cyclists. After at least 2 familiarization trials, 10 well-trained male cyclists completed 2 supramaximal sprint tests each involving 10 sprints of 10 s separated by 50-s rest intervals on an electrically braked cycle ergometer. Subjects ingested 11.2 g of GAKIC or placebo (Pl) during a period of 45 min before the 2 experimental trials, administered in a randomized and double-blind fashion. Peak power declined from the 1st sprint (M ± SD; Pl 1,332 ± 307 W, GAKIC 1,367 ± 342 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 1,091 ± 229 W, GAKIC 1,061 ± 272 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .88). Mean power declined from the 1st sprint (Pl 892 ± 151 W, GAKIC 892 ± 153 W) to the 10th sprint (Pl 766 ± 120 W, GAKIC 752 ± 138 W) and did not differ between conditions (p = .96). The fatigue index remained at ~38% throughout the series of sprints and did not differ between conditions (p = .99). Heart rate and ratings of perceived exertion increased from the 1st sprint to the 10th sprint and did not differ between conditions (p = .11 and p = .83, respectively). In contrast to previous studies in untrained individuals, these results suggest that GAKIC has no ergogenic effect on repeated bouts of high-intensity exercise in trained individuals.

The Effect of Adding Lower Intensity Work on Perceived Aversiveness of Exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britton W. Brewer ◽  
Tina M. Manos ◽  
Anne V. McDevitt ◽  
Allen E. Cornelius ◽  
Judy L. Van Raalte
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Lower Intensity ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
The Difference

Two studies tested the hypothesis that exertional trend influences perceived aversiveness of an exercise bout. In Study 1, participants (64 women and 26 men) read descriptions of 8 fictitious people’s ratings of perceived exertion during exercise sessions on a stationary bicycle, including a 15-min session with a pattern of increasing exertion and a 20-min session with a pattern of exertion identical to the 15-min session with the addition of a 5-min period of reduced exertion at the end. Despite a greater overall workload, the 20-min session was perceived as significantly less aversive than the 15-min session. In Study 2, participants (11 women and 9 men) completed 15- and 20-min sessions on a cycle ergometer with the same basic exertional patterns as in Study 1. Ratings of the aversiveness of the 2 sessions did not differ significantly, despite the difference in duration. Results demonstrate that adding a period of reduced exertion attenuates the perceived aversiveness of a bout of exercise.

Effects of Drink Carbonation on the Gastric Emptying Characteristics of Water and Flavored Water

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Zachwieja ◽  
David L. Costill ◽  
Jeffrey J. Widrick ◽  
Dawn E. Anderson ◽  
Glenn K. McConell
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Sport Drink ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Gastric Aspiration ◽  
Flavored Water ◽  
Experimental Trials

The intent of this study was to determine whether adding carbonation to either water or a low calorie sport drink would affect gastric emptying (GE). Fifteen subjects rode for 20 minutes on a cycle ergometer at 55% of max . After 5 minutes of exercise, the subjects ingested 5.5 mllkg body weight of a test solution: water (W), carbonated water (CW), and a low calorie sport drink in both a carbonated (C2C) and noncarbonated (2C) form. At the end of each ride, the stomach was emptied through gastric aspiration. The results indicate that carbonation has no effect on GE. However, the type of drink did have an effect on GE, as both 2C and C2C emptied from the stomach at a slower rate than either W or CW. Subjective ratings of gastrointestinal comfort were similar for both carbonated and noncarbonated forms, and at no time did the subjects report discomfort. The results were independent of the exercise challenge, as exercise intensity, heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion did not differ between experimental trials. It is concluded that carbonation does not affect the GE characteristics of a drink taken during submaximal exercise, but the flavoring system of the low calorie beverage decreased the rate of GE by as much as 25% when compared to water.

Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Low- and High-Intensity Resistance Exercise by Young Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen M. Lagally ◽  
Kara I. Gallagher ◽  
Robert J. Robertson ◽  
Randall Gearhart ◽  
Fredric L. Goss
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Active Muscle ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The One ◽  
Experimental Trials

Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) are commonly used to monitor the intensity of aerobic exercise. Whether ratings of perceived exertion can be used similarly during resistance exercise is unclear. To examine this question, perceived exertion was measured at 30% and 90% of the one-repetition maximum (1-RM), while holding work constant between intensities. Ratings for the active muscles and for the overall body were examined during both intensities. 10 male (age = 23.2 ± 3.6 yr.) and nine female (age = 21.8 ± 2.7 yr.) volunteers underwent a one-repetition maximum procedure for each of the following exercises; bench press, leg press, latissimus pull down, triceps press, biceps curl, shoulder press, and calf raise. All subjects then completed two experimental trials on separate days. The high-intensity trial consisted of one set of five repetitions at 90% of the one-repetition maximum. The low-intensity trial consisted of one set of 15 repetitions at 30% of the one-repetition maximum. Active muscle and overall body ratings of perceived exertion were obtained immediately at termination of each of the seven exercises at both intensities. A two-factor (RPE x Intensity) repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed separately for each exercise. Both active muscle and overall body ratings of perceived exertion were higher ( p<.01) for the high-intensity trial than for the low intensity trial. Active muscle ratings were higher ( p<.01) than overall body ratings for all exercises. Ratings of perceived exertion during resistance exercise are related to intensity of the resistance exercise (percentage of the one-repetition maximum). This information suggests that ratings of perceived exertion can provide information regarding the intensity of resistance exercise. Furthermore, sensations of exertion in the active muscles during resistance exercise are greater than sensations for the overall body.

scholarly journals AN EFFECTIVE HIGH-INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE PROTOCOL FOR DECREASING SKELETAL MUSCLE GLYCOGEN

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
KEISUKE SHIOSE ◽  
TAKURO TOBINA ◽  
YASUKI HIGAKI ◽  
AKIRA KIYONAGA ◽  
HIROAKI TANAKA
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen

Viewing Music Videotapes during Exercise and Ratings of Perceived Exertion

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Author(s):  
B. R. Abadie ◽  
M. K. Chance ◽  
D. O'Nan ◽  
C. Lay
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
External Stimuli

30 men 18 to 25 years of age participated in two treatments presented in counterbalanced order. They exercised for 6 min. on a Monarch cycle ergometer at a workload of 122.5 W while viewing and listening to music videotapes or exercised in a quiet environment. External stimuli in the viewing and listening to music videotapes did not distract subjects from assessing their exertion during exercise.

Perceived Exertion during Physical Exercise among Individuals High and Low in Fitness

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios K. Travlos ◽  
Daniel Q. Marisi
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Core Temperature ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Fitness Level

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of fitness level and gradually increased amounts of exercise on individuals' ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). 20 men served as paid subjects. They were divided into groups of high (>56 ml/kg/min.) and low fitness (<46 ml/kg/min.) according to their maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max). Participants were required to pedal on a cycle ergometer at a progressively increased workload (every 10 min.) corresponding to 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% of individual VO2 max values. Heart rates, RPE, and core temperatures were recorded every 5th minute after the initiation of exercising at a specific workload. Analysis indicated that, when controlling for VO2 max values, elevations of heart rate and core temperature were not affected by fitness. However, highly fit individuals perceived themselves under less exertion than did the group low in fitness. Correlations showed that, taking into consideration fitness, there is a stronger relationship between RPE and heart rate and RPE and core temperature for the highly fit individuals than for the less fit.

Pre-exercise β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free-acid supplementation improves work capacity recovery: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Matias Correia ◽  
Filipe Dinato de Lima ◽  
Martim Bottaro ◽  
Amilton Vieira ◽  
Andrew Correa da Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Young Males

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a single-dose of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) supplementation on muscle recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. Twenty-three trained young males were randomly assigned to receive either a single-dose supplementation of 3 g of HMB-FA (n = 12; age, 22.8 ± 3.0 years) or placebo (PLA; n = 11; age, 22.9 ± 3.1 years). A muscle damage protocol was applied 60 min after supplementation, and consisted of 7 sets of 20 drop jumps from a 60-cm box with 2-min rest intervals between sets. Muscle swelling, countermovement jump (CMJ), maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), and work capacity (WC) were measured before, immediately after, and 24, 48, and 72 h after the exercise protocol. Muscle swelling, CMJ, and MVIT changed similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.001), but returned to pre-exercise levels after 24 h in both groups. WC decreased similarly in both groups after the exercise protocol (p < 0.01). For HMB-FA, WC returned to pre-exercise level 24 h after exercise protocol. However, for PLA, WC did not return to pre-exercise level even 72 h after the exercise protocol. In summary, a single-dose of HMB-FA supplementation improved WC recovery after a high-intensity exercise bout. However, HMB-FA did not affect the time-course of muscle swelling, MVIT, and CMJ recovery.

Muscle glycogen repletion after high-intensity intermittent exercise

1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. MacDougall ◽  
G. R. Ward ◽  
J. R. Sutton
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

Six subjects exercised to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer at intensities corresponding to approximately 140% of their maximal aerobic power. Subjects attempted to pedal for 1-min intervals with 3-min rest periods between, and continued until 30 s of exercise could no longer be maintained. Venous blood was sampled for lactate and glucose analysis. Muscle biopsies were extracted from the quadriceps before and immediately after exercise and at 2-, 5-, 12-, and 24-h intervals thereafter for total glycogen analysis. Three subjects consumed a mixed controlled diet (approx. 3,100 kcal) during the 24 h after exercise, and three consumed the same diet plus an additional 2,500/kcal carbohydrate. Following exercise, glycogen concentration had dropped to a mean value of approximately 28% of its preexercise value. After 2 h, it had recovered to 39%, at 5 h to 53%, at 12 h to 67%, and at 24 h to 102% of its preexercise value, with no difference in resynthesis rate between the two groups. It was concluded that, following glycogen depletion through intense intermittent exercise, complete recovery to preexercise values may be accomplished within 24 h; and that within this time period, the rate of resynthesis cannot be accelerated by a higher than normal carbohydrate intake.

Accuracy and Reproducibility of an Exercise Prescription Based on Ratings of Perceived Exertion for Treadmill and Cycle Ergometer Exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1335-1344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Dunbar ◽  
Carole Goris ◽  
Donald W. Michielli ◽  
Michael I. Kalinski
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Target Intensity

The accuracy of regularing exercise intensity by Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) was examined. Subjects underwent 4 production trials, 2 on a treadmill (PIA, P1B) and 2 on a cycle ergometer (P2A, P2B). 9 untrained subjects used only their perceptions of effort to regulate exercise intensity. Target intensity was the RPE equivalent to 60% VO2mx. Exercise intensity (VO2) during P1A, P1B, and P2A did not differ from the target, but during P2B was lower than target. During P1A and P1B heart rate did not differ from the target but was lower than target during P2A and P2B. RPE seems a valid means of regulating exercise intensity during repeated bouts of treadmill exercise at 60% VO2max; however, exercise intensity during repeated bouts on the cycle ergometer may be lower than target.

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