Distribution of diaphragmatic lymphatic lacunae

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 1166-1172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Negrini ◽  
M. Del Fabbro ◽  
C. Gonano ◽  
S. Mukenge ◽  
G. Miserocchi
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Peritoneal Surface ◽  
Lymphatic Network ◽  
Muscular Portion

The morphology of the submesothelial lymphatic lacunae on the pleural and peritoneal surface over the tendinous and muscular portion of the diaphragm was studied in 10 anesthetized rabbits. The lymphatic network was evidenced by injecting 1 ml of colloidal carbon solution in the pleural (n = 5) or the peritoneal (n = 5) space. After 1 h of spontaneous breathing, the animal was killed and the diaphragm was fixed in situ by injection of approximately 5 ml of fixative in pleural and peritoneal spaces. Then both cavities were opened and the diaphragm was excised and pinned to a support. According to which cavity had received the injection, the peritoneal or the pleural side of the diaphragm was scanned by sequential imaging of the whole surface by use of a video camera connected to a stereomicroscope and to a video monitor. The anatomic design appeared as a network of lacunae running either parallel or perpendicular to the major axis of the tendinous or muscular fibers. The lacunae were more densely distributed on the tendinous peritoneal area than on the pleural one. Scanty lacunae were seen on the muscular regions of both diaphragmatic sides, characterized by large areas without lacunae. The average density of lacunae on tendinous and muscular regions was 6 and 1.7/cm2 for the pleural side and 25 and 3.4/cm2 for the peritoneal side, respectively. The average width of lacunae was 137.9 +/- 1.6 and 108.8 +/- 1.7 microns on the tendinous pleural and the peritoneal side, respectively, and 163 +/- 1.8 microns on the muscular portion of the pleural and peritoneal surfaces.

In Situ Observation Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Solidification Phenomena and Solidification Cracks during Welding

2014 ◽  
Vol 782 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Kenji Shinozaki ◽  
Motomichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kohta Kadoi ◽  
Peng Wen
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Solidification Cracking ◽  
In Situ Observation ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Varestraint Test ◽  
Solidification Cracks ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Solidification Crack

Solidification cracking during welding is very serious problem for practical use. Therefore, there are so many reports concerning solidification cracking. Normally, solidification cracking susceptibility of material is quantitatively evaluated using Trans-Varestraint test. On the other hand, local solidification cracking strain was tried to measure precisely using in-situ observation method, called MISO method about 30 years ago. Recently, digital high-speed video camera develops very fast and its image quality is very high. Therefore, we have started to observe solidification crack using in site observation method. In this paper, the local critical strain of a solidification crack was measured and the high temperature ductility curves of weld metals having different dilution ratios and different grain sizes to evaluate quantitatively the effects of dilution ratio and grain size on solidification cracking susceptibility by using an improved in situ observation method.

EFFECTS OF INITIAL INHOMOGENEOUS DENSITY DISTRIBUTION AND VOID SHAPE ON POWDER FORGING OF POROUS METAL

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (19) ◽  
pp. 1341008
Author(s):  
TAIQING DENG ◽  
LIANXI HU ◽  
YU SUN ◽  
XIAOYA LIU
Keyword(s):  
Density Distribution ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Semi Major Axis ◽  
Punch Force ◽  
Inhomogeneous Density ◽  
Void Shape ◽  
Initial Density Distribution

The deformation behavior during axisymmetric upsetting of sintered metals has been studied based on the finite-element method. The investigation on the effects of the initial density distribution, void shape and die friction on the density distribution and punch force during deformation have been conducted. It was found that under low-friction conditions, the initial density distribution affects the deformation geometry and the density distribution. However, the effect of the initial density distribution was found to be negligible under high-friction conditions. The initial density distribution did not affect the punch force or the average density, regardless of the friction conditions. When the force is perpendicular to semi-major axis of elliptical void, it is not only good for densification but also decrease the punch force in forging of porous metal.

Evaluation of Non-Uniform Deformation of Multi-Layered Ceramic Sheets with Printed Electrodes during Compression

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1647-1653
Author(s):  
Fumio Naruse ◽  
Naoya Tada
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Recent Trend ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Transverse Displacement ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Electronic Components ◽  
Uniform Deformation ◽  
Digital Video Camera ◽  
Layered Ceramic

With the recent trend of down-sizing and more efficient use of electric power in electric appliances, there is a growing need of smaller electronic components, such as multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). However, it was found that the non-uniform deformation occurred in MLCC block during the pressing process and it hinders the miniaturization of MLCCs. In this study, compression tests of multi-layered ceramic sheets with printed electrodes were carried out and the deformation behavior was observed in situ and recorded by digital video camera. The change in area fraction and transverse displacement were evaluated and the deformation mechanism was inferred from the results.

Time and Space Evolution of Emitting Carbon Nanoparticles – Correlation with the Formation of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes –

2000 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinzo Suzuki ◽  
Rahul Sen ◽  
Hirofumi Yamaguchi ◽  
Toshinobu Ishigaki ◽  
Yohsuke Ohtsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanoparticles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Laser Vaporization ◽  
High Speed Video Camera ◽  
Higher Fullerenes ◽  
Sublimation Method ◽  
Graphite Rod

AbstractThe temporal and spatial evolution of emitting carbon nanoparticles were investigated using a laser furnace apparatus combined with a high-speed video camera. An apparent increase in the blackbody emission intensity at Δt > 400 [.proportional]sec after laser vaporization of a graphite rod was clearly recognized. Also, it was found that this increasing tendency corresponds well to that of the fullerene yield, where fullerene species was obtained as sublimed carbon material using in situ sublimation method. These findings suggest that a certain exothermic process related to the formation of C60, other higher fullerenes, and carbon nanotubes should occur at Δt > 400 νsec inside the furnace.

scholarly journals Determination of rock densities in the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin lithosphere: based on the CELEBRATION 2000 experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Šimonová ◽  
Miroslav Bielik
Keyword(s):  
Lower Crust ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Average Density ◽  
East European Craton ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Seismic Velocities ◽  
Upper Crust ◽  
East European ◽  
P Wave Velocity

Abstract The international seismic project CELEBRATION 2000 brought very good information about the P-wave velocity distribution in the Carpathian-Pannonian Basin litosphere. In this paper seismic data were used for transformations of in situ P-wave velocities to in situ densities along all profiles running across the Western Carpathians and the Pannonian Basin: CEL01, CEL04, CEL05, CEL06, CEL09, CEL11 and CEL12. The calculation of rock densities in the crust and lower lithosphere was done by the transformation of seismic velocities to densities using the formulae of Sobolev-Babeyko, Christensen-Mooney and in the lower lithosphere also by Lachenbruch-Morgan’s formula. The density of the upper crust changes significantly in the vertical and horizontal directions, while the interval ranges of the calculated lower crust densities narrow down prominently. The lower lithosphere is the most homogeneous - the intervals of the calculated densities for this layer are already very narrow. The average density of the upper crust (ρ̅ = 2.60 g · cm−3) is the lowest in the Carpathian Foredeep region. On the contrary, the highest density of this layer (ρ̅ = 2.77 g · cm−3) is located in the Bohemian Massif. The average densities ρ̅ of the lower crust vary between 2.90 and 2.98 g · cm−3. The Palaeozoic Platform and the East European Craton have the highest density (ρ̅ = 2.98 g · cm−3 and ρ̅ = 2.97 g · cm−3, respectively). The lower crust density is the lowest (ρ̅ = 2.90 g · cm−3) in the Pannonian Basin. The range of calculated average densities ρ̅ for the lower lithosphere is changed in the interval from 3.35 to 3.40 g · cm−3. The heaviest lower lithosphere can be observed in the East European Craton (ρ̅ = 3.40 g · cm−3). The lower lithosphere of the Transdanubian Range and the Palaeozoic Platform is characterized by the lowest density ρ̅ = 3.35 g · cm−3.

In situ Temperature Measurement During Spray Forming of A2-tool Steel and Axisymmetric Two-dimensional Analysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1669-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Moon ◽  
Z. H. Lee ◽  
D. R. White ◽  
E. J. Lavernia
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Spray Forming ◽  
Cooling Curve ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Infrared Video

An in situ temperature measurement was performed during spraying of A2-tool steel, and the results were used to verify an axisymmetric two-dimensional computer simulation program, which was developed for the prediction of shape and temperature variation in a spray-forming process. A thin thermocouple was placed inside of the chamber in advance and brought to the surface of the deposit during spraying. The temperature was then recorded. The surface temperature of the deposit was also measured by an infrared video camera. The emissivity of the surface of A2-tool steel during spraying was determined to be 0.23 through comparison of the temperatures measured by the thermocouple with the ones measured by the infrared video camera. The heat transfer coefficient at the top surface was estimated by comparing the calculated results with the experimental data. The cooling curve predicted on the basis of the numerical simulation showed good agreement with the experimental data.

The AirScope: A Novel Wireless Laparoscope

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Video Transmission ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Experimental Prototype ◽  
Camera Systems ◽  
Wide Angle Lens ◽  
Expected Benefits

The modern laparoscope relies on Hopkins’ glass rod lenses, a fiber-optic light source, a video camera, and external cables. This paper discusses the feasibility of developing an experimental prototype of a completely wireless laparoscope by making use of the latest in electronic and optic miniaturization. Design requirements were defined to mimic a standard 10 mm adult laparoscope. An 8 mm diameter (CMOS) camera was used, which delivered standard definition TV resolution at an image refresh rate of 30 Hz. A wide-angle lens was chosen, and a focusing mechanism was designed. Instead of a fiber-optic cable, illumination was achieved using four miniature LED lights. A 2.4 GHz wireless transmission with adequate range for use in an operating theater was chosen. A wireless receiver on a standard personal computer was used to drive a video monitor using off the shelf image processing software. A built-in rechargeable battery powered the wireless laparoscope. Flicker-free in vitro wireless video transmission was achieved. The laparoscope was made waterproof with a front cover lens and can be gas or chemically sterilized. The prototype laparoscope weights 78 g as compared with 900 g for a typical 10 mm laparoscope, camera, fiber-optic, and camera cables. Drawbacks of the prototype include reduced resolution of the video image as compared to high definition (HD) TV quality available on the most recent commercial camera systems. This experimental prototype has illustrated the feasibility of wireless endoscopy systems. The expected benefits include improved ergonomic maneuverability, reduced weight, and decreased electric power requirements.

Teaching with a Video System Improves the Training Period but Not Subsequent Success of Tracheal Intubation with the Bullard Laryngoscope

2003 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Brent Shulman ◽  
Ned G. Nordin ◽  
Neil Roy Connelly
Keyword(s):  
Video Camera ◽  
Video Monitor ◽  
Initial Training ◽  
Management Scenarios ◽  
Video System ◽  
Anesthesia Providers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indirect Feedback ◽  
Video Group ◽  
Bullard Laryngoscope

Background The Bullard laryngoscope is useful for the management of a variety of airway management scenarios. Without the aid of a video system, teaching laryngoscopy skills occurs with indirect feedback to the instructor. The purpose of this study was to determine if use of a video system would speed the process of learning the Bullard laryngoscope or improve the performance (speed or success) of its use. Methods Thirty-six anesthesia providers with no previous Bullard laryngoscope experience were randomly divided into two groups: initial training (first 15 intubations) with looking directly through the eyepiece (n = 20), or with the display of the scope on a video monitor (n = 16). The subjects each then performed 15 Bullard intubations by looking directly through the eyepiece. Results There was not an overall significant difference in laryngoscopy or intubation times between the groups. When only the first 15 intubations were considered, the laryngoscopy time was shorter in the video group (26 +/- 24) than in the nonvideo group (32 +/- 34; P< 0.04). In the first 15 patients, there were fewer single attempts at intubation (67.9% vs 80.3%; P< 0.002) and more failed intubations (17.2% vs 6.0%; P< 0.0001) in the nonvideo group. Conclusions In conclusion, the authors have shown that use of a video camera decreases time for laryngoscopic view and improves success rate when the Bullard laryngoscope is first being taught to experienced clinicians. However, these benefits are not evident as more experience with the Bullard laryngoscope is achieved, such that no difference in skill with the Bullard laryngoscope is discernible after 15 intubations whether a video system was used to teach this technique.

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