Effect of chronic hypoxia and socioeconomic status on VO2max and anaerobic power of Bolivian boys

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 888-896 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Obert ◽  
M. Bedu ◽  
N. Fellmann ◽  
G. Falgairette ◽  
B. Beaune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Force Velocity

The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of altitude and socioeconomic and nutritional status on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and anaerobic power (P) in 11-yr-old Bolivian boys. At both high (HA) (3,600 m) and low (LA) (420 m) altitudes, the boys were divided into high (HA1, n = 23, LA1, n = 48) and low (HA2, n = 44, LA2, n = 30) socioeconomic levels. Anthropometric characteristics, VO2max, and P [maximal P (Pmax) during a force-velocity test and mean P (P) during a 30-s Wingate test] were measured. Results showed that 1) anthropometric parameters were not different between HA1 and LA1 and HA2 and LA2 boys, but HA2 and LA2 boys were two years behind HA1 and LA1 boys in development; 2) VO2max was not different in boys from the same altitude, but at HA VO2max was 10% lower than at LA (HA1 = 37.2 +/- 5.6, HA2 = 38.9 +/- 6.4, LA1 = 42.5 +/- 5.8, LA2 = 42.5 +/- 5.3 ml.min-1 x kg-1 body wt); and 3) Pmax and P were higher in well-nourished than in undernourished boys, but there was no difference in Pmax and P between HA1 and LA1 and HA2 and LA2 boys (HA1 = 6.8 +/- 1.0, HA2 = 5.5 +/- 0.8, LA1 = 7.1 +/- 1.0, LA2 = 5.3 +/- 0.9 W/kg for Pmax; HA1 = 5.2 +/- 0.8, HA2 = 4.5 +/- 0.9, LA1 = 5.2 +/- 0.7, LA2 = 4.0 +/- 0.6 W/kg for P).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of altitude and socioeconomic status on VO2max and anaerobic power in prepubertal Bolivian girls

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 2002-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Blonc ◽  
N. Fellmann ◽  
M. Bedu ◽  
G. Falgairette ◽  
R. De Jonge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Growth Delay ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
Low Altitude

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high altitude and low socioeconomic status (SES) on aerobic and anaerobic power in 11-yr-old Bolivian girls. At both high (3,600 m) and low (420 m) altitudes, low-SES groups of girls were compared to similarly aged, high-SES girls. At low altitude, low-SES girls were also compared with younger high-SES girls with the same anthropometric characteristics. Anthropometric data were similar between high-SES and low-SES girls at both altitudes, but low-SES girls showed a 9-mo growth delay. Maximal O2 uptake was significantly lower for low-SES girls at both altitudes. Values did not differ when expressed relative to body weight at high altitude for high-SES vs. low-SES girls (37.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 39.3 +/- 1.0 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1), but a difference persisted at low altitude between high- and low-SES girls (37.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 34.7 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1). Anaerobic power (Pmax, force-velocity test; Pwing, Wingate test) was reduced for low-SES girls at both altitudes, whatever the mode of expression. For a given SES, the relative anaerobic performances were lower at low altitude. At low altitude, low-SES girls developed lower anaerobic power than did younger high-SES girls with similar anthropometric characteristics. In conclusion, at both altitudes, the reduction of anaerobic performances observed in girls of low SES could not be totally explained by anthropometric factors. Structural and/or functional muscle alterations are suggested. Moreover, at low altitude, tropical and other factors may have contributed to differences in performance between low- and high-SES girls.

scholarly journals Metabolic consequences of β-alanine supplementation during exhaustive supramaximal cycling and 4000-m time-trial performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 864-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip M. Bellinger ◽  
Clare L. Minahan
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Cycling Test ◽  
Cycling Time Trial ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The present study investigated the effects of β-alanine supplementation on the resultant blood acidosis, lactate accumulation, and energy provision during supramaximal-intensity cycling, as well as the aerobic and anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling time trial (TT). Seventeen trained cyclists (maximal oxygen uptake = 4.47 ± 0.55 L·min−1) were administered 6.4 g of β-alanine (n = 9) or placebo (n = 8) daily for 4 weeks. Participants performed a supramaximal cycling test to exhaustion (equivalent to 120% maximal oxygen uptake) before (PreExh) and after (PostExh) the 4-week supplementation period, as well as an additional postsupplementation supramaximal cycling test identical in duration and power output to PreExh (PostMatch). Anaerobic capacity was quantified and blood pH, lactate, and bicarbonate concentrations were measured pre-, immediately post-, and 5 min postexercise. Subjects also performed a 4000-m cycling TT before and after supplementation while the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to power output were quantified. β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion (+12.8 ± 8.2 s; P = 0.041) and anaerobic capacity (+1.1 ± 0.7 kJ; P = 0.048) in PostExh compared with PreExh. Performance time in the 4000-m TT was reduced following β-alanine supplementation (−6.3 ± 4.6 s; P = 0.034) and the mean anaerobic power output was likely to be greater (+6.2 ± 4.5 W; P = 0.035). β-Alanine supplementation increased time to exhaustion concomitant with an augmented anaerobic capacity during supramaximal intensity cycling, which was also mirrored by a meaningful increase in the anaerobic contribution to power output during a 4000-m cycling TT, resulting in an enhanced overall performance.

scholarly journals Predictive Performance Models in Long-Distance Runners: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (21) ◽  
pp. 8289
Author(s):  
José Alvero-Cruz ◽  
Elvis Carnero ◽  
Manuel García ◽  
Fernando Alacid ◽  
Lorena Correas-Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Physiological Variables

Physiological variables such as maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max), running economy (RE) and changes in lactate levels are considered the main factors determining performance in long-distance races. The aim of this review was to present the mathematical models available in the literature to estimate performance in the 5000 m, 10,000 m, half-marathon and marathon events. Eighty-eight articles were identified, selections were made based on the inclusion criteria and the full text of the articles were obtained. The articles were reviewed and categorized according to demographic, anthropometric, exercise physiology and field test variables were also included by athletic specialty. A total of 58 studies were included, from 1983 to the present, distributed in the following categories: 12 in the 5000 m, 13 in the 10,000 m, 12 in the half-marathon and 21 in the marathon. A total of 136 independent variables associated with performance in long-distance races were considered, 43.4% of which pertained to variables derived from the evaluation of aerobic metabolism, 26.5% to variables associated with training load and 20.6% to anthropometric variables, body composition and somatotype components. The most closely associated variables in the prediction models for the half and full marathon specialties were the variables obtained from the laboratory tests (VO2max, vVO2max), training variables (training pace, training load) and anthropometric variables (fat mass, skinfolds). A large gap exists in predicting time in long-distance races, based on field tests. Physiological effort assessments are almost exclusive to shorter specialties (5000 m and 10,000 m). The predictor variables of the half-marathon are mainly anthropometric, but with moderate coefficients of determination. The variables of note in the marathon category are fundamentally those associated with training and those derived from physiological evaluation and anthropometric parameters.

scholarly journals Decrescent intensity training concurrently improves maximal anaerobic power, maximal accumulated oxygen deficit, and maximal oxygen uptake

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Ozaki ◽  
G Kato ◽  
T Nakagata ◽  
T Nakamura ◽  
K Nakada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Training Time ◽  
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit ◽  
Maximal Anaerobic Power ◽  
Intensity Training

This study aimed to investigate the effects of a gradually decreasing intensity training from that corresponding to maximal anaerobic power (MAnP) to that of near maximal oxygen uptake () (decrescent intensity training) on MAnP, maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD), and in untrained young men. Seventeen untrained young men were randomly divided into either a training (TR; n = 9) group or a control (CON; n = 8) group. The TR group performed the decrescent intensity training, whereas the CON group did not perform any exercises. The mean training time per session throughout the training period was 275 ± 135 s. There was a Group × Time interaction for both absolute and relative (p < 0.01) values of , MAOD, and MAnP. The TR group had significantly increased values for all variables after the 8-week training program, and the relative values of all variables were significantly higher in the TR group than in the CON group. Muscle thicknesses in the anterior and posterior aspects of the thigh and maximal isokinetic knee extension and flexion strengths improved only in the TR group (p < 0.05). A single-exercise training with gradually decreasing intensity from that corresponding to the MAnP to that of approximately 100% improves MAnP, MAOD, and concurrently, despite the short training time per session.

Effect of Chronic Hypoxia and Socioeconomic Status on Anaerobic Power of 10- to 12-Year-Old Bolivian Boys

1994 ◽  
Vol 15 (S 2) ◽  
pp. S84-S89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bedu ◽  
G. Falgairette ◽  
E. Van Praagh ◽  
J. Coudert
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Chronic Hypoxia ◽  
Anaerobic Power

scholarly journals Correlation of maximal respiratory exchange ratio with anaerobic power and maximal oxygen uptake in anaerobic trained athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Selcen Korkmaz Eryılmaz ◽  
Metin Polat
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Study Aim. The respiratory exchange ratio (RER) is the ratio of the amount of carbon dioxide produced (VCO2) to the amount of oxygen uptake (VO2) is important. It indirectly informs about the predominant metabolic pathway to provide the energy needed during exercise. The relationship of maximal RER with aerobic and anaerobic capacity in athletes remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between maximal RER and anaerobic power and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in anaerobic trained athletes. Material and Methods. Thirteen male alpine skiers (age 18.1 ± 3.1 years) competing in national and international competitions participated in the study. Athletes first performed an incremental treadmill run test to determine their VO2max (ml/kg/min), maximal RER (VCO2 / VO2) and maximal running speed (km/h). After 48 hours, the athletes performed the Wingate anaerobic test to determine peak power, mean power, minimum power, and fatigue index. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relations between variables. Results. Maximal RER was positively correlated with peak power (r = 0.587, p < 0.035), mean power (r = 0.656, p < 0.015) and minimum power (r = 0.674, p < 0.012). Maximal RER did not significantly correlate with fatigue index (p > 0.05). Maximal RER was negatively correlated with the VO2max (r = – 0.705, p < 0.007) and maximal running speed (r = – 0.687, p < 0.01). Conclusions. Maximal RER may be useful for evaluating anaerobic capacity in anaerobic-trained athletes. Measuring the maximal RER values of athletes during incremental exercise may provide information about physiological adaptations in response to physical training.

scholarly journals Aerobic and Anaerobic Test Performance Among Elite Male Football Players in Different Team Positions

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johnny Nilsson ◽  
Daniele Cardinale
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Wingate Test ◽  
Running Economy ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Performance Factors ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract The purpose was to determine the magnitude of aerobic and anaerobic performance factors among elite male football players in different team positions. Thirty-nine players from the highest Swedish division classified as defenders (n=18), midfield players (n=12) or attackers (n=9) participated. Their mean (± sd) age, height and body mass (bm) were 24.4 (±4.7) years, 1.80 (±5.9)m and 79 (±7.6)kg, respectively. Running economy (RE) and anaerobic threshold (AT) was determined at 10, 12, 14, and 16km/h followed by tests of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Maximal strength (1RM) and average power output (AP) was performed in squat lifting. Squat jump (SJ), counter-movement jump with free arm swing (CMJa), 45m maximal sprint and the Wingate test was performed. Average VO2max for the whole population (WP) was 57.0mL O2•kg−1min−1. The average AT occurred at about 84% of VO2max. 1RM per kg bm0.67 was 11.9±1.3kg. Average squat power in the whole population at 40% 1RM was 70±9.5W per kg bm0.67. SJ and CMJa were 38.6±3.8cm and 48.9±4.4cm, respectively. The average sprint time (45m) was 5.78± 0.16s. The AP in the Wingate test was 10.6±0.9W•kg−1. The average maximal oxygen uptake among players in the highest Swedish division was lower compared to international elite players but the Swedish players were better off concerning the anaerobic threshold and in the anaerobic tests. No significant differences were revealed between defenders, midfielders or attackers concerning the tested parameters presented above.

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