Cardiovascular reactivity in isometric exercise and mental arithmetic in children

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Verhaaren ◽  
R. M. Schieken ◽  
P. Schwartz ◽  
M. Mosteller ◽  
D. Matthys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Changes Over Time

In children, we studied noninvasively the cardiovascular stress responses, including changes over time of systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), and stroke volume (SV) in isometric handgrip (IHG) and mental arithmetic. Specifically, we asked whether 1) these cardiovascular stress responses were different for the two stress conditions in children, 2) these responses differed in boys and girls, and 3) the anthropometric variables related to these stress responses. SV differed significantly between IHG and mental arithmetic over the entire stress period. This may reflect higher systemic vascular resistance during IHG. HR in boys was lower than in girls over the entire period of stress in both stress tests. This observation cannot be attributed to differences in conditioning, because this should not influence responses to isometric or mental stress. A larger left ventricular mass was related to higher SVs. A marked relationship was found between HR and SBP and between HR and SV. No relationship was found between SBP and SV.

Cardiac function during mental stress: cholinergic modulation with pyridostigmine in healthy subjects

2003 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isis Délio SANT'ANNA ◽  
Eduardo Branco DE SOUSA ◽  
Alvaro Villela DE MORAES ◽  
Débora Lopes LOURES ◽  
Evandro Tinoco MESQUITA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Double Blind

Mentally or emotionally stressful situations occur throughout our lives and cause physiological haemodynamic responses. In patients with coronary artery disease, such events can also induce myocardial ischaemia and ventricular arrhythmias, increasing mortality rates. The purpose of the present study was to determine the acute effects of the oral administration of pyridostigmine, a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor and thus an indirect cholinomimetic drug, on echocardiographic variables during mental stress in healthy subjects. A total of 18 healthy young volunteers were subjected to mental stress tests (mental arithmetic and the Stroop colour–word test) 2 h after the oral administration of either placebo or pyridostigmine bromide (45 mg), using a balanced-randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol. During mental stress, heart rate (pyridostigmine, 64±1 beats/min; placebo, 70±1 beats/min; P=0.0003) and diastolic blood pressure (pyridostigmine, 66±2 mmHg; placebo, 79±3 mmHg; P=0.01) were lower in the pyridostigmine group, but systolic pressure was not (pyridostigmine, 124±3 mmHg; placebo, 123±3 mmHg; P=0.40). There were no detectable abnormalities in the left ventricular wall motion score during mental stress, but left ventricular outflow tract mean velocity (pyridostigmine, 0.68±0.02 m/s; placebo, 0.64±0.02 m/s; P<0.05) and mitral inflow velocity deceleration (placebo, 4.05±0.18 m/s2; pyridostigmine, 4.41±0.16 m/s2; P<0.05) were higher in the pyridostigmine group. In conclusion, cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine seems to increase left ventricular diastolic function during mental stress in healthy subjects.

Type 1 long QT syndrome and psychological stress in a laboratory setting

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1213-1221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilmari Määttänen ◽  
Niklas Ravaja ◽  
Pentti Henttonen ◽  
Sampsa Puttonen ◽  
Kristian Paavonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Long Qt Syndrome ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Long Qt ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Qt Syndrome

Trait-like sensitivity to stress in long QT syndrome patients has been documented previously. In addition, mental stress has been associated with symptomatic status of long QT syndrome. We examined whether the symptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients would be more sensitive to mental stress compared to asymptomatic patients and whether there would be differences in task-related physiological stress reactions between type 1 long QT syndrome patients and healthy individuals. The study population consisted of 21 symptomatic and 23 asymptomatic molecularly defined KCNQ1 mutation carriers, their 32 non-carrier relatives and 46 non-related healthy controls, with mean ages of 37, 39, 35 and 23 years, respectively. Electrocardiography was utilised to calculate inter-beat interval and high frequency and low frequency heart rate variability. Blood pressure was measured and mean arterial pressure and pulse pressure were calculated. Stress was induced using three different tasks: mental arithmetic, reaction time and public speech. Stress responses of symptomatic and asymptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients were not statistically different in any of the stress tasks. Short-term physiological stress reactivity of symptomatic type 1 long QT syndrome patients appears to be normal and does not enhance the risk assessment of asymptomatic mutation carriers.

scholarly journals Effect of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners on hemodynamic responses to acute stress: a randomized crossover trial in healthy women

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Cros ◽  
Lucie Bidlingmeyer ◽  
Robin Rosset ◽  
Kevin Seyssel ◽  
Camille Crézé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Hemodynamic Responses ◽  
Hemodynamic Stress

Abstract Background The mechanisms by which chronic stress increases the risk of non-communicable diseases remain poorly understood. On one hand, chronic stress may increase systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and blood pressure, which may lead to blood vessels injury and altered myocardial perfusion. On the other hand, chronic stress may promote the overconsumption of sugar-containing foods and favor obesity. There is indeed evidence that sweet foods are preferentially consumed to alleviate stress responses. The effects of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) on hemodynamic stress responses remain however largely unknown. Objective/design This study aimed at comparing the effects of sucrose-containing and NNS-containing drinks, as compared to unsweetened water, on hemodynamic responses to acute stress in twelve healthy female subjects. Acute stress responses were elicited by a 30-min mental stress (5-min Stroop’s test alternated with 5-min mental arithmetic) and a 3-min cold pressure test (CPT), each preceded by a resting baseline period. Hemodynamic stress responses were investigated by the repeated measurement of mean arterial pressure and the continuous monitoring of cardiac output by thoracic electrical bioimpedance measurement. SVR was selected as a primary outcome because it is a sensitive measure of hemodynamic responses to acute stress procedures. Results With all three drinks, SVR were not changed with mental stress (P = 0.437), but were increased with CPT (P = 0.045). Both mental stress and CPT increased mean arterial pressure and heart rate (all P < 0.001). Cardiac output increased with mental stress (P < 0.001) and remained unchanged with CPT (P = 0.252). No significant differences in hemodynamic responses were observed between water, sucrose and NNS (stress × condition, all P > 0.05). Conclusions These results demonstrate that sucrose and NNS do not alter hemodynamic responses to two different standardized acute stress protocols.

Combined Pre- and after-Load Reduction in Hypertensive Patients with Cardiomegaly and Normal Filling Pressure

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 113s-116s ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Hunyor ◽  
G. I. Nelson ◽  
G. L. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Systemic Vascular Resistance ◽  
Vascular Resistance ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Filling Pressure ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Blocking Drug ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

1. Twelve hypertensive patients with cardiomegaly were treated with equivalent antihypertensive doses of prazosin (11 weeks) and β-adrenoceptor-blocking drug (9 weeks) in random crossover fashion. 2. At the end of each treatment period haemodynamic assessment included the response to isometric handgrip exercise (4 min at 30% of maximum voluntary contraction). 3. Resting cardiac index and heart rate were higher on prasozin although the latter was only 65 beats/min. Systemic vascular resistance and left ventricular filling pressure were insignificantly higher on β-adrenoceptor-blocking drug. 4. During isometric handgrip the blood pressure rise was similar on the two regimens, but the mechanism whereby it was achieved was quite different. On prazosin an increase in cardiac output accounted for the pressor response with virtually no change in systemic vascular resistance, whereas on β blockade there was a flat cardiac output response with a marked increase in the systemic vascular resistance. 5. Ventricular function curves indicated a predominant utilization of the Frank-Starling mechanism during β blockade, whereas enhanced contractility played a major role during prazosin treatment. 6. The isometric exercise response pattern during prazosin treatment resembles that in normal subjects whereas in the β blockade phase it corresponded to that in untreated hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy or cardiomegaly or to that in congestive heart failure patients. 7. There was no evidence of harmful effects of combined pre- and after-load reduction in hypertensive patients with cardiomegaly and normal filling pressure, even under conditions of moderately severe cardiac loading with isometric exercise.

Gender does not influence sympathetic neural reactivity to stress in healthy humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. H350-H357 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Jones ◽  
M. Spraul ◽  
K. S. Matt ◽  
D. R. Seals ◽  
J. S. Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Healthy Humans

Previous data support the idea of heightened sympathetically mediated cardiovascular reactivity in males. However, definitive conclusions cannot be made because of inconsistent reports, possibly stemming from imprecise measurement of sympathetic activity and/or failure to equate the stress stimuli between genders. The present study tested the hypothesis that males exhibit heightened sympathetic reactivity that is associated with heightened cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses. In 37 healthy adults (20 males, 17 females: age = 20-42 yr), direct recordings of skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), plasma catecholamines, heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived stress were measured before and during three laboratory stressors (isometric handgrip, cold pressor, and mental arithmetic). MSNA, catecholamine, and cardiovascular reactivity (defined as change from rest) were not consistently different between genders. For the isometric handgrip, when expressed as absolute unit changes, males had larger MSNA responses (P < 0.01), which were partially explained by greater contraction force; they did not differ in terms of percent change from baseline or in perceived stress. The responses to the cold pressor and mental arithmetic tasks were similar between genders. These findings indicate that stress-evoked vasoconstrictor neural excitation and the associated increases in blood pressure are not consistently influenced by gender.

Effects of Stimuli on Cardiovascular Reactivity Occurring at Regular Intervals During Mental Stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Nandu Goswami ◽  
Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay ◽  
Ilona Papousek ◽  
Hermann Scharfetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spectral Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Transient Effects

Studies examining the direct effects of stimuli needed to perform mental stress tasks such as instructor commands at regular intervals during the mental task are limited to date. Because of the comprehensive effects of different stimuli, we studied the effect of short instructor commands occurring at regular intervals on the behavior of the cardiovascular system during two different types of tasks. Continuous beat-to-beat heart rate and blood pressure, respiration, thoracic impedance, skin conductance, and peripheral temperature were measured in 20 healthy females during a cancellation test of attention (stimuli interval of 20 s) and during mental arithmetic tasks (stimuli interval of 120 s). The transient effects of the stimuli on measures in the time domain as well as the effects of stimulus intervals on measures in the frequency domain (using spectral analysis) were examined. Instructor commands caused increases in several cardiovascular variables and in skin conductance. SBP (systolic blood pressure) and DBP (diastolic blood pressure) showed a significant stimulus response only during the mental arithmetic tasks. An effect of instructor commands at regular intervals was seen in the spectral analysis at 0.05 Hz (cancellation test of attention) and 1/120 Hz (mental arithmetic), according to the stimulus intervals of 20 s and 120 s used in these tasks. The findings suggest that even simple instructor commands given during high mental task load had a strong impact and can considerably influence measures of cardiovascular reactivity. The effects of paced stimuli should be considered when interpreting cardiovascular responses to task conditions with constant stimulus intervals.

Response of Hypertensive Adolescents to Dynamic and Isometric Exercise Stress

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-583
Author(s):  
David E. Fixler ◽  
W. Pennock Laird ◽  
Richard Browne ◽  
Victoria Fitzgerald ◽  
Susan Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Isometric Exercise ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Stress ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Blood Pressures

Isometric handgrip and dynamic exercise stress tests were performed on 109 hypertensive and 74 normotensive subjects 14 to 17 years old. The hypertensive subjects had resting systolic or diastolic pressures persistently above the 95th percentile on four consecutive examinations. Blood pressures and ECGs were recorded during isometric handgrip (25% maximum effort for four minutes) and bicycle ergometry until the subject was exhausted. The hypertensive subjects increased systolic pressure by an average 16 mm Hg with isometric exercise and 53 mm Hg with dynamic exercise. Control subjects had similar pressure changes, averaging 18 and 54 mm Hg, respectively. During isometric handgrip stress, diastolic pressures increased 12 mm Hg in hypertensive subjects and 18 mm Hg in control subjects. Only two hypertensive adolescents developed systolic pressures exceeding 220 mm Hg during dynamic exercise stress, and none developed systolic pressures above 200 mm Hg during isometric exercise stress. None of the normotensive or hypertensive subjects developed cardiac arrhythmias and the prevalence of ST segment depression during maximal stress was less than 2% in both groups. Therefore, in adolescents with mild to moderate hypertension the risk of developing significant ECG or hemodynamic abnormalities during mild isometric or heavy dynamic exercise is small. We believe the decision to restrict physical activity of an adolescent with elevated pressures should be based on the development of abnormal ST segment depression, cardiac arrhythmias, or excessive blood pressures at the time of exercise stress testing.

scholarly journals The effect of different stressors on the QT interval and the T wave

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 447-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Andrássy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Mental Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Qt Prolongation ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Prolonged Qt Interval ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
T Waves

Prolonged QT interval is associated with the generation of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden death. However, neither the relation between QT duration and heart rate, nor the association between mental stress and QT time has been clarified. Aim: The relationship between QT duration and smoking, cardiovascular reactivity, and mental stress as well as newer methods of QT correction were studied. Methods: In six laboratory experiments 166 volunteers were studied. Smoking, treadmill exercise, mental arithmetic and videogame were applied as stressors. Besides fixed formulae, study and subject-specific QT correction methods were also used. Results: 1. Bazett formula is not appropriate to compare QT durations. 2. Acute smoking has no effect on QT time. 3. QT changes are related to cardiovascular reactivity. 4. Mental stress may induce QT prolongation. 5. Bifid T waves often develop during mental and isometric stress. Conclusions: New methods for QT correction are more reliable than preformed formulae. QT prolongation and bifid T waves may be the links between mental stress and life threatening arrhythmias.

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