scholarly journals Skeletal muscle attenuation determined by computed tomography is associated with skeletal muscle lipid content

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bret H. Goodpaster ◽  
David E. Kelley ◽  
F. Leland Thaete ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Robert Ross
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Lipid Concentration ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Muscle Attenuation ◽  
Good Concordance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The purpose of this investigation was to validate that in vivo measurement of skeletal muscle attenuation (MA) with computed tomography (CT) is associated with muscle lipid content. Single-slice CT scans performed on phantoms of varying lipid concentrations revealed good concordance between attenuation and lipid concentration ( r 2 = 0.995); increasing the phantom's lipid concentration by 1 g/100 ml decreased its attenuation by ∼1 Hounsfield unit (HU). The test-retest coefficient of variation for two CT scans performed in six volunteers was 0.51% for the midthigh and 0.85% for the midcalf, indicating that the methodological variability is low. Lean subjects had significantly higher ( P < 0.01) MA values (49.2 ± 2.8 HU) than did obese nondiabetic (39.3 ± 7.5 HU) and obese Type 2 diabetic (33.9 ± 4.1 HU) subjects, whereas obese Type 2 diabetic subjects had lower MA values that were not different from obese nondiabetic subjects. There was also good concordance between MA in midthigh and midcalf ( r = 0.60, P < 0.01), psoas ( r = 0.65, P < 0.01), and erector spinae ( r = 0.77, P < 0.01) in subsets of volunteers. In 45 men and women who ranged from lean to obese (body mass index = 18.5 to 35.9 kg/m2), including 10 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, reduced MA was associated with increased muscle fiber lipid content determined with histological oil red O staining ( P = −0.43, P < 0.01). In a subset of these volunteers ( n = 19), triglyceride content in percutaneous biopsy specimens from vastus lateralis was also associated with MA ( r = −0.58, P = 0.019). We conclude that the attenuation of skeletal muscle in vivo determined by CT is related to its lipid content and that this noninvasive method may provide additional information regarding the association between muscle composition and muscle function.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation increases muscle protein synthesis in elderly type 2 diabetic men

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. E614-E623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin T. Wall ◽  
Marlou L. Dirks ◽  
Lex B. Verdijk ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Dominique Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Physical activity is required to attenuate the loss of skeletal muscle mass with aging. Short periods of muscle disuse, due to sickness or hospitalization, reduce muscle protein synthesis rates, resulting in rapid muscle loss. The present study investigates the capacity of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to increase in vivo skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates in older type 2 diabetes patients. Six elderly type 2 diabetic men (70 ± 2 yr) were subjected to 60 min of one-legged NMES. Continuous infusions with l-[ ring-13C6]phenylalanine were applied, with blood and muscle samples being collected regularly to assess muscle protein synthesis rates in both the stimulated (STIM) and nonstimulated control (CON) leg during 4 h of recovery after NMES. Furthermore, mRNA expression of key genes implicated in the regulation of muscle mass were measured over time in the STIM and CON leg. Muscle protein synthesis rates were greater in the STIM compared with the CON leg during recovery from NMES (0.057 ± 0.008 vs. 0.045 ± 0.008%/h, respectively, P < 0.01). Skeletal muscle myostatin mRNA expression in the STIM leg tended to increase immediately following NMES compared with the CON leg (1.63- vs. 1.00-fold, respectively, P = 0.07) but strongly declined after 2 and 4 h of recovery in the STIM leg only. In conclusion, this is the first study to show that NMES directly stimulates skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates in vivo in humans. NMES likely represents an effective interventional strategy to attenuate muscle loss in elderly individuals during bed rest and/or in other disuse states.

scholarly journals Resistance training recovers attenuated APPL1 expression and improves insulin-induced Akt signal activation in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. E564-E571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kohei Kido ◽  
Satoru Ato ◽  
Takumi Yokokawa ◽  
Koji Sato ◽  
Satoshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Akt Phosphorylation ◽  
Signal Activation ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Adapter protein containing Pleckstrin homology (PH) domain, phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, and leucine zipper motif 1 (APPL1) has been reported as a positive regulator of insulin-stimulated Akt activation. The expression of APPL1 is reduced in skeletal muscles of type 2 diabetic (T2D) animals, implying that APPL1 may be an important factor affecting insulin sensitivity. However, the regulation of APPL1 expression and the physiological interventions modulating these effects are unclear. Accordingly, we first confirmed that APPL1 expression and insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation were significantly attenuated in skeletal muscles of T2D rats. Additionally, we found that APPL1 expression levels were significantly correlated with fasting blood glucose levels. Next, we identified important signals involved in the expression of APPL1. APPL1 mRNA expression increased upon AMP-activated protein kinase, calcium, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and insulin-like growth factor-1 signal activation. Moreover, acute resistance exercise in vivo significantly activated these signaling pathways. Finally, through in vivo experiments, we found that chronic resistance training (RT) increased APPL1 expression and activated insulin-induced Akt signaling in skeletal muscles of rats with T2D. Furthermore, variations in APPL1 expression (i.e., the difference between control and RT muscles) significantly correlated with variations in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation under the same conditions. Therefore, chronic RT recovered attenuated APPL1 expression and improved insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in skeletal muscles of T2D rats. Accordingly, APPL1 may be a key regulator of insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, and RT may be an important physiological treatment increasing APPL1 expression, which is attenuated in T2D.

scholarly journals Induction of adiponectin in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic mice: in vivo and in vitro studies

Diabetologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Delaigle ◽  
M. Senou ◽  
Y. Guiot ◽  
M. -C. Many ◽  
S. M. Brichard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Perilipin 3 Differentially Regulates Skeletal Muscle Lipid Oxidation in Active, Sedentary, and Type 2 Diabetic Males

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 3683-3692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Covington ◽  
Robert C. Noland ◽  
R. Caitlin Hebert ◽  
Blaine S. Masinter ◽  
Steven R. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Muscle Lipid ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Lipid ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Effects of Insulin Treatment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients on Intracellular Lipid Content in Liver and Skeletal Muscle

Diabetes ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 51 (10) ◽  
pp. 3025-3032 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Anderwald ◽  
E. Bernroider ◽  
M. Krssak ◽  
H. Stingl ◽  
A. Brehm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Intracellular Lipid ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

No difference in insulin stimulated AKT and AS160 phosphorylation but decreased insulin effect on FoxO4 abundance in skeletal muscle of obese and obese type 2-diabetic subjects

2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Giebelstein ◽  
L Plettig ◽  
W Schechinger ◽  
K Hojlund ◽  
K Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Effect ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Role of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 2650-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Diaz-Morales ◽  
Susana Rovira-Llopis ◽  
Irene Escribano-Lopez ◽  
Celia Bañuls ◽  
Sandra Lopez-Domenech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Low-Dose Acrolein, an Endogenous and Exogenous Toxic Molecule, Inhibits Glucose Transport via an Inhibition of Akt-Regulated GLUT4 Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Ching-Chia Wang ◽  
Huang-Jen Chen ◽  
Ding-Cheng Chan ◽  
Chen-Yuan Chiu ◽  
Shing-Hwa Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Urinary acrolein adduct levels have been reported to be increased in both habitual smokers and type-2 diabetic patients. The impairment of glucose transport in skeletal muscles is a major factor responsible for glucose uptake reduction in type-2 diabetic patients. The effect of acrolein on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we investigated whether acrolein affects muscular glucose metabolism in vitro and glucose tolerance in vivo. Exposure of mice to acrolein (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks substantially increased fasting blood glucose and impaired glucose tolerance. The glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) protein expression was significantly decreased in soleus muscles of acrolein-treated mice. The glucose uptake was significantly decreased in differentiated C2C12 myotubes treated with a non-cytotoxic dose of acrolein (1 μM) for 24 and 72 h. Acrolein (0.5–2 μM) also significantly decreased the GLUT4 expression in myotubes. Acrolein suppressed the phosphorylation of glucose metabolic signals IRS1, Akt, mTOR, p70S6K, and GSK3α/β. Over-expression of constitutive activation of Akt reversed the inhibitory effects of acrolein on GLUT4 protein expression and glucose uptake in myotubes. These results suggest that acrolein at doses relevant to human exposure dysregulates glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells and impairs glucose tolerance in mice.

The 3'-untranslated region polymorphism of the gene for skeletal muscle-specific glycogen-targeting subunit of protein phosphatase 1 in the type 2 diabetic Japanese population

Diabetes ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Maegawa ◽  
K. Shi ◽  
H. Hidaka ◽  
N. Iwai ◽  
Y. Nishio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Phosphatase ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Protein Phosphatase 1 ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic
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