Integrated analysis of protein and glucose metabolism during surgery: effects of anesthesia

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 2523-2530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schricker ◽  
Ralph Lattermann ◽  
Pierre Fiset ◽  
Linda Wykes ◽  
Franco Carli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Anesthetic Technique ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to assess dynamic changes in protein and glucose metabolism during surgery. Twelve patients undergoing colorectal surgery received either intravenous propofol anesthesia ( n = 6) or inhalational anesthesia with desflurane ( n = 6). Pre- and intraoperative protein and glucose kinetics were analyzed by an isotope dilution technique usingl-[1-13C]leucine and [6,6-2H2]glucose. Plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, insulin, glucagon, and cortisol were measured before and after 2 h of surgery. The rates of appearance of leucine and glucose, leucine oxidation, protein synthesis, and glucose clearance decreased during surgery, independent of the type of anesthesia ( P < 0.05). A correlation between the rate of appearance of leucine and glucose was observed ( r = 0.755, P < 0.001). Intraoperative plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations increased ( P< 0.05), whereas plasma concentrations of lactate, free fatty acids, insulin, and glucagon did not change. Surgery causes a depression of whole body protein and glucose metabolism, independent of the anesthetic technique. There is a correlation between perioperative glucose production and protein breakdown.

scholarly journals The impact of Hayward green kiwifruit on dietary protein digestion and protein metabolism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanghee Park ◽  
David D. Church ◽  
Carlene Starck ◽  
Scott E. Schutzler ◽  
Gohar Azhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Green Kiwifruit

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to determine if an actinidin protease aids gastric digestion and the protein anabolic response to dietary protein. Methods Hayward green kiwifruit (containing an actinidin protease) and Hort 16A gold kiwifruit (devoid of actinidin protease) were given in conjunction with a beef meal to healthy older subjects. Twelve healthy older males (N = 6) and females (N = 6) were studied with a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design to assess muscle and whole-body protein metabolism before and after ingestion of kiwifruit and 100 g of ground beef. Subjects consumed 2 of each variety of kiwifruit daily for 14 d prior to each metabolic study, and again during each study with beef intake. Results Hayward green kiwifruit consumption with beef resulted in a more rapid increase in peripheral plasma essential amino acid concentrations. There were significant time by kiwifruit intake interactions for plasma concentrations of EAAs, branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), and leucine (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in the total amount of EAAs absorbed. As a result, there were no differences between kiwifruit in any of the measured parameters of protein kinetics. Conclusion Consumption of Hayward green kiwifruit, with a beef meal facilitates protein digestion and absorption of the constituent amino acids as compared to Hort 16A gold kiwifruit. Clinical trial NCT04356573, April 21, 2020 “retrospectively registered”.

Changes in the plasma concentration of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and other metabolites in response to feeding in sheep

1992 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. McCarthy ◽  
A. Faulkner ◽  
P. A. Martin ◽  
D. J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ruminant Animals ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Long Chain

ABSTRACT Plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP)-like activity were determined in sheep before and after refeeding following a 48-h fast. Plasma concentrations increased significantly after feeding, from about 250 pg/ml to about 550 pg/ml. Other metabolites in plasma also increased at this time, reflecting the absorption of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. Significant increases were observed in the plasma concentrations of acetate, β-hydroxybutyrate and triacylglycerol. By comparing the time-courses of the changes in concentration of GIP and other metabolites in plasma, possible sites of secretion and secretagogues of GIP in ruminant animals are proposed. The results demonstrate that GIP is secreted in response to nutrient absorption in adult ruminants and that, as in simple-stomached animals, the absorption of long-chain free fatty acids plays an important role in this secretion. Journal of Endocrinology (1992) 134, 235–240

Epinephrine-induced changes in hepatic glucose production after ethanol

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. E863-E869
Author(s):  
C. H. Lang ◽  
P. E. Molina ◽  
N. Skrepnick ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Production ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Acute Ethanol

Previous studies indicate that catecholamines play an important role in mediating the glucose metabolic response to endotoxin. Because acute ethanol (EtOH) intoxication impairs this response, the present study was initiated to ascertain whether EtOH attenuates the lipopolysaccharide response by decreasing the increment in plasma catecholamines after endotoxin or by decreasing the responsiveness of rats to epinephrine. All studies were performed on chronically catheterized fasted rats infused intravenously with either EtOH or an equal volume of saline. In the first series of experiments, intravenous administration of Escherichia coli endotoxin increased, to the same extent, the plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine in both saline- and EtOH-infused rats. In the second study, rats were infused with [3-3H]glucose to assess whole body glucose metabolism and the ability of EtOH to alter the glucose metabolic response to epinephrine. The exogenous infusion of a maximally stimulating dose of epinephrine (1 microgram.min-1.kg-1) into saline-infused control animals for 3 h produced a marked hyperglycemia that resulted from a sustained increase in the rate of hepatic glucose production and a reduction in the metabolic clearance rate for glucose. EtOH infusion did not prevent the epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia but blunted the stimulatory effect of epinephrine on glucose production. The differences in glucose metabolism between saline- and EtOH-treated rats could not be explained by changes in plasma insulin or glucagon concentrations. Furthermore, the ability of EtOH to impair the epinephrine-induced increase in glucose production was still evident in rats treated with 4-methylpyrazole, an inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effects of growth hormone and IGF-I on glucocorticoid-induced protein catabolism in humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. E552-E558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oehri ◽  
R. Ninnis ◽  
J. Girard ◽  
F. J. Frey ◽  
U. Keller
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Endogenous Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Glucose Clearance ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Endogenous Glucose

The effects of similar increases in total insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) plasma concentrations achieved by either recombinant human (rh) growth hormone (GH) or rhIGF-I administration on whole body protein and glucose kinetics were assessed. Twenty-six healthy subjects received methylprednisolone (0.5 mg.kg-1.day-1 orally) during 6 days in combination with either placebo (saline sc), GH (0.3 mg.kg-1.day-1 sc), or IGF-I (80 micrograms.kg-1.day-1 sc) in a double-blind randomized fashion. Glucocorticoid administration resulted in protein catabolism as indicated by an increase in leucine flux and a 62 +/- 13% increase in leucine oxidation ([1-13C]leucine infusion technique); this increase was abolished by GH (-1 +/- 18%) as was statistically insignificant during IGF-I treatment (+53 +/- 25%). GH increased endogenous glucose production by 28 +/- 8%, augmented glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance of peripheral glucose clearance (euglycemic clamp), and increased circulating lipids. IGF-I administration resulted in both increased endogenous glucose production and increased peripheral glucose clearance such that plasma glucose concentrations remained unchanged by IGF-I. IGF-I lowered circulating GH and insulin and altered IGF binding proteins, which all may have reduced bioactivity of IGF-I. The data demonstrate that, in spite of similar total IGF-I plasma concentrations during treatment, GH and IGF-I exert markedly different effects on whole body leucine, glucose, and lipid metabolism.

Effect of Glucagon on Glucose Turnover and Plasma Free Fatty Acids in Depancreatized Dogs Maintained on Matched Insulin Infusions

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cherrington ◽  
M. Vranic ◽  
P. Fono ◽  
N. Kovacevic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Endogenous Insulin

It has been shown previously that glucagon can increase the turnover of glucose in normal dogs and can enhance the secretion of insulin. The aim of this study was to determine the metabolic effects of glucagon independent of the effects of the insulin it releases directly through an action on β cells, and indirectly through hyperglycemia. Eight conscious dogs which could not mobilize extra insulin were obtained by replacing the endogenous insulin secretion of each with an equivalent intraportal infusion of the hormone immediately following removal of a remnant pancreatic autograft. Such infusions (200 μU/kg-min) maintained normal plasma concentrations of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), as well as normal tracer-determined rates of glucose appearance (Ra) and disappearance (Rd) prior to glucagon infusion.There was a highly significant regression of the increments in glucose production on the rate of glucagon infusion (1.00–3.00 μg/kg-h). Rd increased proportionally to glucose levels, and there was therefore no significant change in the metabolic clearance of glucose. Hence a direct inhibitory effect of glucagon on glucose utilization could not be demonstrated. Corrections for recycling of the infused label did not appreciably affect the observed changes in Ra or Rd. Glucagon infusions did not increase the FFA level in plasma; when hyperglycemia was prominent a small decrease occurred. The role of glucagon in the net release of FFA from adipocytes in dogs is therefore questioned.

The Independent Effect of Propofol Anesthesia on Whole Body Protein Metabolism in Humans

1999 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 1636-1642. ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schricker ◽  
Kristine Klubien ◽  
Franco Carli
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids

Background The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of general anesthesia with propofol in the absence of surgical stimulation on whole body protein metabolism. Methods Six unpremedicated patients were studied. General anesthesia included propofol (120 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)), vecuronium bromide, and oxygen-enriched air. Changes in protein breakdown, protein oxidation, and synthesis were measured by an isotope dilution technique using a constant infusion of the stable isotope tracer L-[1-13C]leucine (0.008 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) before and during 100 min of propofol anesthesia. The plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, non-esterified fatty acids, and cortisol were measured before and during anesthesia. Results An isotopic steady state of plasma [1-13C]alpha-ketoisocaproate (taken to represent the intracellular leucine precursor pool enrichment for protein synthesis) and expired 13C-carbon dioxide were obtained before and during propofol infusion. Whole body protein breakdown decreased during propofol anesthesia by 6% (P &lt; 0.05), whereas protein synthesis and oxidation did not change significantly. Plasma concentration of cortisol decreased after 90 min of propofol anesthesia (P &lt; 0.05). No significant changes of plasma concentrations of glucose, lactate, and non-esterified fatty acids occurred during propofol administration. Conclusions Propofol anesthesia did not significantly affect whole body protein synthesis and oxidation but caused a small, although significant, decrease in whole body protein breakdown, possibly mediated through the suppression of plasma cortisol concentration.

scholarly journals The Greater Contribution of Gluconeogenesis to Glucose Production in Obesity Is Related to Increased Whole-Body Protein Catabolism

Diabetes ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chevalier ◽  
S. C. Burgess ◽  
C. R. Malloy ◽  
R. Gougeon ◽  
E. B. Marliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Production ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Body Protein
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