Role of vagal innervation on pulmonary surfactant system during fetal development

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1641-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxmi Gahlot ◽  
Francis H. Y. Green ◽  
Anita Rigaux ◽  
Jennifer M. Schneider ◽  
Shabih U. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Pulmonary Surfactant ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Surfactant Proteins ◽  
Surfactant System ◽  
Vagal Innervation

Vagally mediated afferent feedback and compliant lungs (surfactant system) play vital roles in the establishment of adequate alveolar ventilation and pulmonary gas exchange at birth. Although the significance of vagal innervation in the establishment of normal breathing patterns is well recognized, the precise role of lung innervation in the maturation of the surfactant system remains unclear. The specific aim of the present study was to investigate whether vagal denervation compromises the surfactant system during fetal development. Experiments were performed on 12 time-dated fetal sheep: 8 underwent cervical vagal denervation, and 4 were sham operated. Vagal denervation was performed at 110–113 days gestation. Fetal lambs were instrumented in utero to record arterial pH and blood-gas tensions. The animals were delivered by cesarean section under general anesthesia between 130 and 133 days gestation (term ∼147 days). Lung samples were collected for wet-to-dry ratios, light and electron microscopy, and overall lung morphology. In addition, total proteins, total phospholipids, and surfactant proteins A and B were analyzed in both lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Vagal denervation had no effect on alveolar architecture, including type II cells or the morphology of lamellar bodies within them. Furthermore, surfactant proteins A and B and total phospholipids were similar in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid between the two groups. A significant correlation was observed between circulating cortisol concentrations and surfactant proteins in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue. We provide definitive evidence that vagal innervation at midgestation is not required for maturation of the pulmonary surfactant system during fetal development.

scholarly journals 2045 The role of TGFβ in driving early cystic fibrosis lung disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 33-33
Author(s):  
Elizabeth L. Kramer ◽  
William Hardie ◽  
Kristin Hudock ◽  
Cynthia Davidson ◽  
Alicia Ostmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lung Mechanics ◽  
Patient Specific

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a genetic modifier of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. TGFβ’s pulmonary levels in young CF patients and its mechanism of action in CF are unknown. We examined TGFβ levels in children with CF and investigated responses of human airway epithelial cells (AECs) and mice to TGFβ. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: TGFβ levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from CF patients (n=15) and non-CF control patients (n=21)<6 years old were determined by ELISA. CF mice and non-CF mice were intratracheally treated with an adenoviral TGFβ1 vector or PBS; lungs were collected for analysis at day 7. Human CF and non-CF AECs were treated with TGFβ or PBS for 24 hours then collected for analysis. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Young CF patients had higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid TGFβ than non-CF controls (p=0.03). Mouse lungs exposed to TGFβ demonstrated inflammation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and decreased CFTR expression. CF mice had greater TGFβ-induced lung mechanics abnormalities than controls; both CF human AECs and CF mice showed higher TGFβ induced MAPK and PI3K signaling compared with controls. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: For the first time, we show increased TGFβ levels very early in CF. TGFβ drives CF lung abnormalities in mouse and human models; CF models are more sensitive to TGFβ’s effects. Understanding the role of TGFβ in promoting CF lung disease is critical to developing patient specific treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of N-acetyl cysteine on the concentrations of thiols in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and lung tissue.

Thorax ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 670-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Bridgeman ◽  
M Marsden ◽  
C Selby ◽  
D Morrison ◽  
W MacNee
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Acetyl Cysteine

A Metabolomic Approach to the Pathogenesis of Ventilator-induced Lung Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 694-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. Izquierdo-García ◽  
Shama Naz ◽  
Nicolás Nin ◽  
Yeny Rojas ◽  
Marcela Erazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Injury ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Profiling ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Positive End Expiratory Pressure ◽  
Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

Abstract Background: Global metabolic profiling using quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mass spectrometry (MS) is useful for biomarker discovery. The objective of this study was to discover biomarkers of acute lung injury induced by mechanical ventilation (ventilator-induced lung injury [VILI]), by using MRS and MS. Methods: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were subjected to two ventilatory strategies for 2.5 h: tidal volume 9 ml/kg, positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cm H2O (control, n = 14); and tidal volume 25 ml/kg and positive end-expiratory pressure 0 cm H2O (VILI, n = 10). Lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and serum spectra were obtained by high-resolution magic angle spinning and 1H-MRS. Serum spectra were acquired by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadupole-time of flight MS. Principal component and partial least squares analyses were performed. Results: Metabolic profiling discriminated characteristics between control and VILI animals. As compared with the controls, animals with VILI showed by MRS higher concentrations of lactate and lower concentration of glucose and glycine in lung tissue, accompanied by increased levels of glucose, lactate, acetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and creatine in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In serum, increased levels of phosphatidylcholine, oleamide, sphinganine, hexadecenal and lysine, and decreased levels of lyso-phosphatidylcholine and sphingosine were identified by MS. Conclusions: This pilot study suggests that VILI is characterized by a particular metabolic profile that can be identified by MRS and MS. The metabolic profile, though preliminary and pending confirmation in larger data sets, suggests alterations in energy and membrane lipids. SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT IS AVAILABLE IN THE TEXT

Interaction of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with polyplexes and lipoplexes: analysing the role of proteins and glycoproteins

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rosenecker ◽  
S. Naundorf ◽  
S. W. Gersting ◽  
R. W. Hauck ◽  
A. Gessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid

scholarly journals Role of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum interleukin-27 in the diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis

Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (20) ◽  
pp. e25821
Author(s):  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Qinfang Ou ◽  
Jian Zheng ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Huaxin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Interleukin 27 ◽  
Smear Negative

scholarly journals Oxidative and Proteolytic Inactivation of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Pathogenesis: A Top-Down Proteomic Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Tirone ◽  
Federica Iavarone ◽  
Milena Tana ◽  
Alessandra Lio ◽  
Claudia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

The study investigates the role of the oxidative and proteolytic inactivation of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were collected on the 3rd day of life from mechanically ventilated neonates with gestational age ≤ 30 weeks and analyzed without previous treatment (top-down proteomics) by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. AAT fragments were identified by high-resolution LTQ Orbitrap XL experiments and the relative abundances determined by considering the extracted ion current (XIC) peak area. Forty preterm neonates were studied: 20 (50%) did not develop BPD (no-BPD group), 17 (42.5%) developed mild or moderate new-BPD (mild + moderate BPD group), and 3 (7.5%) developed severe new-BPD (severe BPD group). Eighteen fragments of AAT and a fragment of AAT oxidized at a methionine residue were identified: significantly higher values of AAT fragments 25–57, 375–418, 397–418, 144–171, and 397–418 with oxidized methionine were found in the severe BPD group. The significantly higher levels of several AAT fragments and of the fragment 397–418, oxidized in BALF of preterm infants developing BPD, underlie the central role of an imbalance between proteases and protease inhibitors in exacerbating lung injury and inducing most severe forms of BPD. The study has some limitations, and between them, the small sample size implies the need for further confirmation by larger studies.

Salmeterol, a β2-receptor agonist, attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation in mice

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (6) ◽  
pp. L1122-L1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico A. Maris ◽  
Koenraad F. van der Sluijs ◽  
Sandrine Florquin ◽  
Alex F. de Vos ◽  
Jennie M. Pater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lung Inflammation ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Neutrophil Influx ◽  
Long Acting

Lipopolysaccharide is ubiquitously present in the environment. To determine the effect of salmeterol, a long-acting β2-receptor agonist, on lipopolysaccharide-induced lung inflammation, mice received lipopolysaccharide (10 μg) intranasally with or without salmeterol intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg) 30 min earlier and 12 h thereafter. Salmeterol dose- and time-dependently inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced influx of neutrophils into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue, and these pulmonary neutrophils displayed a reduced expression of CD11b at their surface. To determine the contribution of the salmeterol effect on neutrophil CD11b in the attenuated neutrophil recruitment, we treated mice intranasally exposed to lipopolysaccharide with salmeterol with or without a blocking anti-CD11b antibody. Anti-CD11b profoundly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil influx in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an effect that was modestly enhanced by concurrent salmeterol treatment. These data suggest that salmeterol inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophil recruitment to the lungs by a mechanism that possibly in part is mediated by an effect on neutrophil CD11b.

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