The effect of the Müller–Lyer configuration on saccadic eye movements is not fully due to illusory perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 856-867
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Pin Yang ◽  
Zhongting Chen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Illusion Effect ◽  
Perceptual Illusion ◽  
Lyer Illusion ◽  
Illusory Perception ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Typical Configuration

The Müller–Lyer illusion affects both perception and oculomotor control, but it is unknown whether these effects arise from the same or different underlying mechanisms. We developed a modified version of the Müller–Lyer configuration, which largely reduced the perceptual illusion effect compared with the typical configuration but reduced the saccadic effect to a much less extent. Such difference indicates that influence of the Müller–Lyer configuration on saccadic eye movements is not fully mediated by illusory perception.

scholarly journals To Name or Not to Name: Eye Movements and Semantic Processing in RAN and Reading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 866
Author(s):  
Luan Tuyen Chau ◽  
Mila Dimitrova Vulchanova ◽  
Joel B. Talcott
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Rapid Naming ◽  
Rapid Automatized Naming ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Reading Measures ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

This study examined the well-established relationship between rapid naming and reading. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) has long been demonstrated as a strong predictor of reading abilities. Despite extensive research spanning over 4 decades, the underlying mechanisms of these causes remain a subject of inquiry. The current study investigated the role of eye movements and semantic processing in defining the RAN-reading relationship. The participants in this study were 42 English-speaking undergraduate students at a British university. The materials included a word reading task, two conventional RAN tasks (object and digit), and two RAN-like categorization tasks (object and digit). The results obtained suggested the interdependence between rapid naming and semantic processing. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that oculomotor control remains an integral part of variability in RAN and reading performance. Taken together, our results suggest that RAN and reading measures are correlated because both require rapid and accurate retrieval of phonological representations, semantic properties of visual stimuli, and stable co-ordination of eye movements.

Fixation cells in monkey superior colliculus. II. Reversible activation and deactivation

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 576-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Munoz ◽  
R. H. Wurtz
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Superior Colliculus ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Fixation ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Express Saccades ◽  
Gaba Inhibition

1. We tested the hypothesis that a subset of neurons, which we have referred to as fixation cells, located within the rostral pole of the monkey superior colliculus (SC) controls the generation of saccadic eye movements. We altered the activity of these neurons with either electrical stimulation or GABAergic drugs. 2. An increase in the activity of fixation cells in the rostral SC, induced by a train of low-frequency electrical stimulation, delayed the initiation of saccades. With bilateral stimulation the monkey was able to make saccades only after stimulation ceased. 3. Pulses of stimulation delivered during the saccade produced an interruption of the saccade in midflight. The latency to the onset of this perturbation was as short as 12 ms. 4. Injection of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist bicuculline into the rostral pole of the SC, which decreases normal GABA inhibition and increases cell activity, increased the latency of saccades to both visual and remembered targets. 5. Injection of the GABA agonist muscimol into the rostral SC, which increases normal GABA inhibition and decreases activity, reduced the latency for saccades to visual targets. The monkey also had difficulty maintaining visual fixation and suppressing unwanted saccades. 6. After muscimol injections, monkeys frequently made very short-latency saccades forming a peak in the saccade latency histogram at < 100 ms. These saccades are similar to express saccades made by normal monkeys. This finding suggests that the fixation cells in the rostral SC are critical for controlling the frequency of express saccades. 7. These results support the hypothesis that fixation cells in the rostral SC inhibit the generation of saccadic eye movements and that they form part of a system of oculomotor control, that of visual fixation.

scholarly journals Oculomotor inhibition covaries with conscious detection

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 1507-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex L. White ◽  
Martin Rolfs
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Oculomotor Control ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Perceptual Awareness ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Classification Technique

Saccadic eye movements occur frequently even during attempted fixation, but they halt momentarily when a new stimulus appears. Here, we demonstrate that this rapid, involuntary “oculomotor freezing” reflex is yoked to fluctuations in explicit visual perception. Human observers reported the presence or absence of a brief visual stimulus while we recorded microsaccades, small spontaneous eye movements. We found that microsaccades were reflexively inhibited if and only if the observer reported seeing the stimulus, even when none was present. By applying a novel Bayesian classification technique to patterns of microsaccades on individual trials, we were able to decode the reported state of perception more accurately than the state of the stimulus (present vs. absent). Moreover, explicit perceptual sensitivity and the oculomotor reflex were both susceptible to orientation-specific adaptation. The adaptation effects suggest that the freezing reflex is mediated by signals processed in the visual cortex before reaching oculomotor control centers rather than relying on a direct subcortical route, as some previous research has suggested. We conclude that the reflexive inhibition of microsaccades immediately and inadvertently reveals when the observer becomes aware of a change in the environment. By providing an objective measure of conscious perceptual detection that does not require explicit reports, this finding opens doors to clinical applications and further investigations of perceptual awareness.

The effect of task set on fixational saccadic eye movements

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Spotorno ◽  
Guillaume S. Masson ◽  
Anna Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Task Set

Extent of compensation for variations in monkey saccadic eye movements

2000 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Quaia ◽  
Martin Paré ◽  
Robert H. Wurtz ◽  
Lance M. Optican
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

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