Dynamics of Within-, Inter-, and Cross-Modal Attentional Modulation

2011 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 674-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Kida ◽  
Koji Inui ◽  
Emi Tanaka ◽  
Ryusuke Kakigi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Directing Attention

Numerous studies have demonstrated effects of spatial attention within single sensory modalities (within-modal spatial attention) and the effect of directing attention to one sense compared with the other senses (intermodal attention) on cortical neuronal activity. Furthermore, recent studies have been revealing that the effects of spatial attention directed to a certain location in a certain sense spread to the other senses at the same location in space (cross-modal spatial attention). The present study used magnetoencephalography to examine the temporal dynamics of the effects of within-modal and cross-modal spatial and intermodal attention on cortical processes responsive to visual stimuli. Visual or tactile stimuli were randomly presented on the left or right side at a random interstimulus interval and subjects directed attention to the left or right when vision or touch was a task-relevant modality. Sensor-space analysis showed that a response around the occipitotemporal region at around 150 ms after visual stimulation was significantly enhanced by within-modal, cross-modal spatial, and intermodal attention. A later response over the right frontal region at around 200 ms was enhanced by within-modal spatial and intermodal attention, but not by cross-modal spatial attention. These effects were estimated to originate from the occipitotemporal and lateral frontal areas, respectively. Thus the results suggest different spatiotemporal dynamics of neural representations of cross-modal attention and intermodal or within-modal attention.

Influence of Cognitive Style and Interstimulus Interval on the Hemispheric Processing of Tactile Stimuli

1989 ◽  
Vol 68 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naohiro Minagawa ◽  
Kan Kashu
Keyword(s):  
Interstimulus Interval ◽  
Standard Stimulus ◽  
Visual Stimuli ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Preference Group ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
Hemispheric Preference ◽  
The Right

16 adult subjects performed a tactile recognition task. According to our 1984 study, half of the subjects were classified as having a left hemispheric preference for the processing of visual stimuli, while the other half were classified as having a right hemispheric preference for the processing of visual stimuli. The present task was conducted according to the S1–S2 matching paradigm. The standard stimulus was a readily recognizable object and was presented factually to either the left or right hand of each subject. The comparison stimulus was an object-picture and was presented visually by slide in a tachistoscope. The interstimulus interval was .05 sec. or 2.5 sec. Analysis indicated that the left-preference group showed right-hand superiority, and the right-preference group showed left-hand superiority. The notion of individual hemisphericity was supported in tactile processing.

IV.—The late Professor Phillips on the North Devon Rocks; with an Introductory Note

1878 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 305-310
Author(s):  
Townshend M. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Upper Devonian ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Association ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The North ◽  
Introductory Note ◽  
The Right ◽  
Directing Attention ◽  
North And South

The Meeting of the British Association at Plymouth has not unnaturally been the means of directing attention to some of the most complex points of Devonshire geology, and of reviving the discussion as to the age and position of the Devonian series in North and South Devon. Mr. Jukes, it will be remembered, died in 1869. Had he lived longer, his energy of purpose would doubtless have led him to carry on the work he had begun, until he could either prove the correctness of his views, or satisfy himself that the generally accepted classification was, after all, the right one. The followers of Jukes seem to confine themselves to those portions only of the district which he had more specially studied—North Somerset, Lynton and Pickwell Down; searching in almost hopeless despair amongst the lower rocks, instead of beginning at the other end of the scale, with the Millstone-grit, and tracing the beds downwards. As a result, the fossiliferous beds of the Upper Devonian have been almost entirely neglected, and their relation to the Carboniferous slates passed over.

scholarly journals Object-guided Spatial Attention in Touch: Holding the Same Object with Both Hands Delays Attentional Selection

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helge Gillmeister ◽  
Julia Adler ◽  
Bettina Forster
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Distance Effect ◽  
Attentional Selection ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Visual Object ◽  
Somatosensory Processing ◽  
Common Object ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
The Right

Previous research has shown that attention to a specific location on a uniform visual object spreads throughout the entire object. Here we demonstrate that, similar to the visual system, spatial attention in touch can be object guided. We measured event-related brain potentials to tactile stimuli arising from objects held by observers' hands, when the hands were placed either near each other or far apart, holding two separate objects, or when they were far apart but holding a common object. Observers covertly oriented their attention to the left, to the right, or to both hands, following bilaterally presented tactile cues indicating likely tactile target location(s). Attentional modulations for tactile stimuli at attended compared to unattended locations were present in the time range of early somatosensory components only when the hands were far apart, but not when they were near. This was found to reflect enhanced somatosensory processing at attended locations rather than suppressed processing at unattended locations. Crucially, holding a common object with both hands delayed attentional selection, similar to when the hands were near. This shows that the proprioceptive distance effect on tactile attentional selection arises when distant event locations can be treated as separate and unconnected sources of tactile stimulation, but not when they form part of the same object. These findings suggest that, similar to visual attention, both space- and object-based attentional mechanisms can operate when we select between tactile events on our body surface.

scholarly journals Spatial attention enhances cortical tracking of quasi-rhythmic visual stimuli

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Tabarelli ◽  
C. Keitel ◽  
J. Gross ◽  
D. Baldauf
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Visual Stimulation ◽  
Stimulus Frequency ◽  
Neural Representation ◽  
Neural Processing ◽  
Temporal Precision ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Visual Cortices

AbstractSuccessfully interpreting and navigating our natural visual environment requires us to track its dynamics constantly. Additionally, we focus our attention on behaviorally relevant stimuli to enhance their neural processing. Little is known, however, about how sustained attention affects the ongoing tracking of stimuli with rich natural temporal dynamics. Here, we used MRI-informed source reconstructions of magnetoencephalography (MEG) data to map to what extent various cortical areas track concurrent continuous quasi-rhythmic visual stimulation. Further, we tested how top-down visuo-spatial attention influences this tracking process. Our bilaterally presented quasi-rhythmic stimuli covered a dynamic range of 4 – 20Hz, subdivided into three distinct bands. As an experimental control, we also included strictly rhythmic stimulation (10 vs 12 Hz). Using a spectral measure of brain-stimulus coupling, we were able to track the neural processing of left vs. right stimuli independently, even while fluctuating within the same frequency range. The fidelity of neural tracking depended on the stimulation frequencies, decreasing for higher frequency bands. Both attended and non-attended stimuli were tracked beyond early visual cortices, in ventral and dorsal streams depending on the stimulus frequency. In general, tracking improved with the deployment of visuo-spatial attention to the stimulus location. Our results provide new insights into how human visual cortices process concurrent dynamic stimuli and provide a potential mechanism – namely increasing the temporal precision of tracking – for boosting the neural representation of attended input.

Feeling Down(town Julie Brown): The Sense of Up and Expiring Relationality

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hentyle Yapp
Keyword(s):  
Object Relations ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Women Of Color ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Film And Television ◽  
The Right ◽  
Do The Right Thing ◽  
The Way

During the late 1980s and 1990s, the presence of women of color dancing on film and television greatly increased: Rosie Perez in Do the Right Thing, the Fly Girls from In Living Color, and Downtown Julie Brown hosting Club MTV. These figures were highly energetic and up, marking a positivity that can be distinguished from the depressed affects that have been centralized for the 21st century. This article historicizes the sense of up to rethink the terms available for not only the affective turn but also relationality. The latter draws from the former to contend with how different communities relate to one another through shared sensations, precarity, or commons. The author examines the temporal dynamics embedded in sense and affect to analyze the theoretical bases (from Kleinian object relations to Deleuzian intensities) that produce the relational. In doing so, the author engages Rashaad Newsome’s Shade Compositions (2009), which reperforms these earlier up practices. Ultimately, this article rethinks relationality by placing an expiration on the way it is presumed to sustain itself. Relational connections cannot be stabilized nor assume that one can fully know the other. The author thus proposes an ethics for relationality that can be traced through the sense of up’s entwinement with racialized forms of rage, ‘killing it’, and exhaustion. Sense and anger produce pathways to engage one another again and again.

Frames of Reference for Mapping Tactile Stimuli in Brain-Damaged Patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Aglioti ◽  
Nicola Smania ◽  
Andrea Peru
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Spatial Factors ◽  
Anatomical Position ◽  
Left Brain ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Tactile Stimuli ◽  
The Right ◽  
Normal Controls

Twelve normal controls, twelve left-brain-damaged patients, and thirty-six right-brain-damaged patients with or without tactile extinction or tactile neglect were asked to report light touches delivered to the left or the right hand or simultaneously to both hands. The hands could be in anatomic position or one hand could cross over the other. Moreover, the two hands could be in the left or the right hemispace or across the corporeal midline. Controls and nontactile-extinction groups performed better when the hands were in anatomical than in crossed position. By contrast, patients with tactile extinction detected contralesional stimuli with higher accuracy in crossed than in anatomical position. This result suggests that, in these patients, impairments in detecting contralesional stimuli can be due not only to sensory but also to spatial factors contingent upon the position of the hands. There was no interaction between the effect of crossing the hands and the hemispace where the crossing took place. This suggests that coding the position of a hand as left or right does not necessarily occur in relation to the bodily midline, but it may arise from the computation of the position of the other hand.

Sensory Modalities and Receptive Fields in the Abdominal Nervous System of the Hermit Crab, Pagurus Granosimanus (Stimpson)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. CHAPPLE
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Joint Receptors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Area

1. The morphology and histology of the abdominal nervous system is briefly described. There are three ganglionic roots, as in the crayfish; the first innervates the pleopods and the ventral lateral area of the segment, the second innervates the sclerite of the next posterior segment, and a region posterior and dorsal to it. The third roots are exclusively motor as in the crayfish and have two branches, one of which runs to the superficial ventral muscles and the other to the central flexors. 2. Phasic fast-adapting mechano-receptors similar to those seen in annelids, with overlapping fields extending over much of the segment, have replaced the sensory hair population of the homologous roots in the crayfish. 3. The units on the left side of the animal are more sensitive to mechanical stimuli than those on the right side; this is due to the fact that the right side lies next to the whorl of the shell while the left side faces away from it. 4. Joint receptors are described, but no muscle receptor organs similar to those found in other decapods were observed.

Spatial Attention in Serial Order Working Memory: An EEG Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesal Rasoulzadeh ◽  
Muhammet Ikbal Sahan ◽  
Jean-Philippe van Dijck ◽  
Elger Abrahamse ◽  
Anna Marzecova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Memory Search ◽  
Serial Order ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Order Processing ◽  
Continuous Electroencephalography ◽  
The Right ◽  
Directing Attention

Abstract Theoretical models explaining serial order processing link order information to specified position markers. However, the precise characteristics of position marking have remained largely elusive. Recent studies have shown that space is involved in marking serial position of items in verbal working memory (WM). Furthermore, it has been suggested, but not proven, that accessing these items involves horizontal shifts of spatial attention. We used continuous electroencephalography recordings to show that memory search in serial order verbal WM involves spatial attention processes that share the same electrophysiological signatures as those operating on the visuospatial WM and external space. Accessing an item from a sequence in verbal WM induced posterior “early directing attention negativity” and “anterior directing attention negativity” contralateral to the position of the item in mental space (i.e., begin items on the left; end items on the right). In the frequency domain, we observed posterior alpha suppression contralateral to the position of the item. Our results provide clear evidence for the involvement of spatial attention in retrieving serial information from verbal WM. Implications for WM models are discussed.

Assessment of knowledge of oral health hygiene among coastal guards in the port trust of south Tamil Nadu - A public health awareness survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868
Author(s):  
Bianca Princeton ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Oral hygiene is defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy, by brushing and flossing to prevent the occurrence of any gum diseases like periodontitis or gingivitis. The main aim of oral health hygiene is to prevent the buildup of plaque, which is defined as a sticky film of bacteria and food formed on the teeth. The coastal guard is an official who is employed to watch the sea near a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities. Coastal guards have high possibilities of being affected by mesothelioma or lung cancer due to asbestos exposure. So, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created and circulated among a hundred participants who were coastal guards, through Google forms. The responses were recorded and tabulated in the form of bar graphs. Out of a hundred participants, 52.4% were not aware of the fact that coastal guards have high chances of developing lung cancer and Mesothelioma. 53.7% were aware of the other oral manifestations of lung cancer other than bleeding gums. Majority of the coastal guards feel that they are given enough information about dental hygiene protocols. Hence, to conclude, oral hygiene habits have to be elaborated using various tools in the right manner to ensure better health of teeth and gums.

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