Supraventricular Arrhythmias in Athletes: Basic Mechanisms and New Directions

Athletes are prone to supraventricular rhythm disturbances including sinus bradycardia, heart block, and atrial fibrillation. Mechanistically, this is attributed to high vagal tone and cardiac electrical and structural remodeling. Here, we consider the supporting evidence for these three pro-arrhythmic mechanisms in athletic human cohorts and animal models, featuring current controversies, emerging data, and future directions of relevance to the translational research agenda.

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Presentation and Management of Cardiac arrhythmias ... an analysis of 75 referrals from Family Medicine Practitioners

University Heart Journal ◽

10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3435 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 17-19

Author(s):

Manzoor Mahmood ◽

SA Mahmood ◽

Md Zahid Hossain ◽

MA Quayum ◽

A Qader ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Family Medicine ◽

Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽

Heart Block ◽

Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Sinus Bradycardia ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Family Physicians ◽

Cardiology Clinic ◽

Degree Heart Block

Cardiac arrhythmias often present to family physicians with diverse clinical manifestations. This retrospective observational study was carried out in a private cardiology clinic in Dhaka from July 2004 to December 2008. A total of 1257 patients were referred from family physicians in the locality. 75 (5.96%) patients were diagnosed as having cardiac arrhythmia by ECG. Various types of atrial arrhythmias are more common than ventricular arrhythmias (60% vs 40%). Atrial fibrillation (N=18) and PVC (N=17) are the 2 commonest arrhythmias found in this study. This study identifies the clinical presentation, possible aetiology and management of patients having cardiac arrhythmias. Palpitation (46.66%) and asymptomatic ECG changes (34.66%) were the 2 most common reasons for referral. Most of the patients could be managed on a out-patient basis. Most arrhythmias like 1st degree heart block, PAC & isolated PVC, RBBB, Sinus bradycardia were asymptomatic & did not need any further treatment except assurance & anxiolytics. Other arrhythmias like atrial fibrillation, LBBB, bifascicular or advanced heart block, SSS & SVT needed further evaluation. This article particularly focuses on the general approach of family physicians while dealing with patients with cardiac arrhythmias. Key words: cardiac arrhythmias, family medicine practice doi: 10.3329/uhj.v5i1.3435 University Heart Journal Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2009 17-19

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Beyond the Headlines: Trends and Future Directions in the School Closure Literature

Educational Researcher ◽

10.3102/0013189x211050944 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 0013189X2110509

Author(s):

Eve L. Ewing ◽

Terrance L. Green

Keyword(s):

School Choice ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Research Agenda ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Urban School ◽

School Closure ◽

School Closures ◽

Future Directions ◽

New Directions

With the looming impacts of COVID-19 on district budgets, the growth of school choice options, and population shifts across urban, suburban, and rural contexts, an increasing number of districts have closed schools and more districts are expected to follow this trend. Rich scholarship has examined school closures; however, this field of research is limited in scope and methodological approach, and overwhelmingly focuses on the mass urban school closures of the mid-2010s. This offers a timely opportunity to consider new directions in the field. In this article, we identify trends in the scholarship on school closures by examining the empirical research in this area over nearly two decades. We conclude by offering a research agenda for future scholarship on school closures.

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Inhibitors of Nitrogen Oxide Species Production in Animal Models of Inflammation and Future Directions for Therapy in Inflammatory Disorders

Current Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents ◽

10.2174/1568014043355339 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 239-259 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francois Feihl ◽

Mauro Oddo ◽

Bernard Waeber ◽

Lucas Liaudet

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Nitrogen Oxide ◽

Future Directions ◽

Inflammatory Disorders ◽

Species Production

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Flecainide How and When: A Practical Guide in Supraventricular Arrhythmias

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10071456 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1456

Author(s):

Carlo Lavalle ◽

Michele Magnocavallo ◽

Martina Straito ◽

Luca Santini ◽

Giovanni Battista Forleo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Ventricular Tachycardia ◽

Drug Treatment ◽

Sinus Rhythm ◽

Antiarrhythmic Drug ◽

Safety Profile ◽

Patient Management ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Supraventricular Arrhythmias ◽

Sinus Rhythm Maintenance

Transcatheter ablation was increasingly and successfully used to treat symptomatic drug refractory patients affected by supraventricular arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmic drug treatment still plays a major role in patient management, alone or combined with non-pharmacological therapies. Flecainide is an IC antiarrhythmic drug approved in 1984 from the Food and Drug Administration for the suppression of sustained ventricular tachycardia and later for acute cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and for sinus rhythm maintenance. Currently, flecainide is mostly used for sinus rhythm maintenance in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients without structural cardiomyopathy although recent studies enrolling different patient populations have demonstrated a good effectiveness and safety profile. How should we interpret the results of the CAST after the latest evidence? Is it possible to expand the indications of flecainide, and therefore, its use? This review aims to highlight the main characteristics of flecainide, as well as its optimal clinical use, delineating drug indications and contraindications and appropriate monitoring, based on the most recent evidence.

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Anti‐arrhythmic investigations in large animal models of atrial fibrillation

British Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1111/bph.15417 ◽

2021 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Arnela Saljic ◽

Thomas Jespersen ◽

Rikke Buhl

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Animal Models ◽

Large Animal ◽

Large Animal Models

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Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: new concepts in pathophysiology, management, and future directions

Heart Failure Reviews ◽

10.1007/s10741-021-10133-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Grigorios Tsigkas ◽

Anastasios Apostolos ◽

Stefanos Despotopoulos ◽

Georgios Vasilagkos ◽

Eleftherios Kallergis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Future Directions ◽

New Concepts

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Evolution of Cancer Vaccines—Challenges, Achievements and Future Directions

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9050535 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 535

Author(s):

Ban Qi Tay ◽

Quentin Wright ◽

Rahul Ladwa ◽

Christopher Perry ◽

Graham Leggatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Vaccines ◽

New Drugs ◽

Delivery Methods ◽

Future Directions ◽

The Past ◽

New Directions ◽

Tumour Antigens ◽

Target Characteristics ◽

Toxic Responses ◽

Shed Light

The development of cancer vaccines has been intensively pursued over the past 50 years with modest success. However, recent advancements in the fields of genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, and immunology have renewed interest in these immunotherapies and allowed the development of promising cancer vaccine candidates. Numerous clinical trials testing the response evoked by tumour antigens, differing in origin and nature, have shed light on the desirable target characteristics capable of inducing strong tumour-specific non-toxic responses with increased potential to bring clinical benefit to patients. Novel delivery methods, ranging from a patient’s autologous dendritic cells to liposome nanoparticles, have exponentially increased the abundance and exposure of the antigenic payloads. Furthermore, growing knowledge of the mechanisms by which tumours evade the immune response has led to new approaches to reverse these roadblocks and to re-invigorate previously suppressed anti-tumour surveillance. The use of new drugs in combination with antigen-based therapies is highly targeted and may represent the future of cancer vaccines. In this review, we address the main antigens and delivery methods used to develop cancer vaccines, their clinical outcomes, and the new directions that the vaccine immunotherapy field is taking.

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