Applications of Room Temperature Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry Using a Mercuric Iodide Detector

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 527-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.E. Leyden ◽  
A.R. Harding ◽  
K. Goldbach
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Secondary Target ◽  
Excitation Conditions

Energy dispensive X-ray spectrometry has been used extensively for the rapid, simultaneous deterninaion of elements in a variety of sample types. Excitation of the analytical sample can be by either X-ray tube, secondary targets, or radioactive isotopic sources. Tube sources have the advantages of convenient control of the excitation conditions, whereas an isotopic source or secondary target must be physically replaced by another to affect an excitation change. The use of primary filters between the sample and X-ray tube can greatly enhance the flexibilitty of the excitation conditions.

The Gas Proportional Scintillation Counter as a Room-Temperature Detector For Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. N. Conde ◽  
L. F. Requicha Ferreira ◽  
A. J. de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Detector ◽  
Portable Instruments ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractA review of the basic physical principles of the gas proportional scintillation counter is presented. Its performance is discussed and compared with that of other room-temperature detectors in regard to applications to portable instruments for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis. It is concluded that the gas proportional scintillation counter is definitely superior to all other room-temperature detectors, except the mercuric iodide (HgI2) detector. For large areas or soft X-rays it is also superior to the HgI2 detector.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis at Room Temperature with an Energy Dispersive Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
A.J. Dabrowski ◽  
G.C. Huth ◽  
J.S. Iwanczyk ◽  
B.C. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Cryogenic Cooling ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Entrance Window ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Present Design

We have previously reported on the uniqueness and potential of room-temperature spectrometry of low-energy x-rays with a mercuric iodide (HgI2) detector (1,2,3). In this paper we emphasize the use of HgI2 detectors for x-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis.Because no vacuum plumbing or cryogenic cooling is required, the design of a mercuric iodide room-temperature x-ray spectrometer is extremely simple. Our present design consists of coupling a detector directly to the first-stage FET in a modified Tennelec 161 D preamplifier and making the configuration “light-tight”. Aside from providing a suitable entrance window, there are no other requirements for routine spectroscopy.

X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis at Room Temperature with an Energy Dispersive Mercuric Iodide Spectrometer (1)

1980 ◽  
pp. 249-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
A. J. Dabrowski ◽  
G. C. Huth ◽  
J. S. Iwanczyk ◽  
B. C. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray

Identification of Nd163 phase in melt-textured NdBa2Cu3O7−δ bulk samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 2050-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Gombos ◽  
Vicente Gomis ◽  
Anna Esther Carrillo ◽  
Antonio Vecchione ◽  
Sandro Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spontaneous Formation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, we report on the observation of Nd1Ba6Cu3O10,5 (Nd163) phase of the NdBaCuO system in melt-textured Nd123 bulk samples grown from a mixture of Nd123 and Nd210 phase powders. The observation was performed with polarized light optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive x-ray analyses. Images of the identified phase crystals show an aspect quite different from Nd422 crystals. Unexpectedly, Nd163 was individuated, even in “pure” Nd123 samples. Moreover, after long exposure to air, Nd163 disappeared completely in samples synthesized from powders containing Nd210. Thermogravimetry analyses of powders show that the stability of this phase in air is limited to temperatures higher than 900 °C, so Nd163 is unstable and highly reactive at room temperature. Moreover, an explanation of the observation of Nd163 in Nd210 free samples, based on the spontaneous formation of Nd163 phase in a Nd123 melt, is proposed.

The Fabrication of Mercuric Iodide Detectors for Use in Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Analysers and Backscatter Photon Measurements

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Howes ◽  
John Watling
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Surface Passivation ◽  
Electrical Contact ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Radiation Detectors ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Mercuric Iodide ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the fabrication of mercuric iodide nuclear radiation detectors suitable for X and gamma ray spectrometry at room temperature. The active area of the detectors studied are between 0.2 and 1.5cm sq and they are up to 0.5mm thick. The method of producing a stable electrical contact to the crystal using sputtered germanium has been studied. The X-ray resolution of a 1.5cm sq. area detector at 32 keV is 2.3 keV FWHM when operated at room temperature in conjunction with a time variant filter amplifier. A factor which is important in the fabrication of the detector is the surface passivation necessary to achieve a useful detector life.This type of detector has been used on a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer for energy measurements between 10 and 100 keV. The advantages over the scintillation counter, more commonly used, is the improved resolution of the HgI2 detector and its smaller size. The analyser is primarily used for the detection of low levels of heavy metals on particulate filters. The detectors have also been used on an experimental basis for gamma ray backscatter measurements in the medical field.

A Comparison of the XRF11 and EXACT Fundamental Parameters Programs when Using Filtered Direct and Secondary Target Excitation in EDXRF

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Vane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Secondary Target ◽  
Direct Excitation

The XRF11 program by John Criss and the EXACT program are two commercially available fundamental parameters programs for energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF). These programs are both based on the same underlying equations but use different approaches to the calculations. The EXACT program assumes monochromatic excitation, and the XEF11 program models polychromatic excitation sources. There are also great differences in how the two programs approach the iterations in the calculations and in how the data from standards are used in the two programs for calibration.To produce the monochromatic excitation neeiled by the EXACT program, secondary targets have been the preferred method. But it is also possible to approximate monochromatic excitation by using filtered direct excitation. The purpose of this study is to compare the data obtained from both secondary targets and direct filtered excitation as processed through both XRF11 and EXACT.

The Effective use of Filters with Direct Excitation of EDXRF

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald A. Vane ◽  
William D. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Region ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Primary Beam ◽  
Proper Choice ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Edxrf Analysis ◽  
Beam Transmission ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Excitation Conditions

AbstractPrimary beam transmission filters in energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis are used to shape the spectral output of the X-ray tube. The effective use of these filters allows the optimization of excitation conditions for each different analysis. Filters are used in two basic ways in EDXRF; either as edge filters or as white filters. The proper choice of filter and excitation conditions optimizes the analysis of a particular element or spectral region by shaping the primary radiation to reduce background and to maximize excitation.

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