scholarly journals Prediction Schemes to Enhance the Routing Process in Geographical GPSR Ad Hoc Protocol

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Saqour ◽  
Mohamad Shanuldin ◽  
Mahamod Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Location Information ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Geographical Routing ◽  
Break Link ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
The Impact

Geographical routing protocols have received a serious attention due to more advantages they have in comparison to the conventional routing protocols. They require information about the physical position of nodes needed to be available. Commonly, each node determines its own position through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) or some other type of positioning service. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol, which is one of geographical routing protocols, limits the forwarding decision of the packet based on the node's own position, the destination's position and the position of the forwarding node's neighbors. Location information has some inaccuracy depending on the localization system and the environment exists in. This paper aims to study the impact of mobility metrics (beacon interval, and node speed) on introducing location information error in GPSR protocol using different mobility models. The effect of these metrics is identified in GPSR as Neighbor Break Link (NBL) problem. Based on simulation analysis, mobility prediction schemes are proposed to migrate the observed problem.

scholarly journals Mobility-Assisted on-Demand Routing Algorithm for MANETs in the Presence of Location Errors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Kien Vu ◽  
Sungoh Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Location Errors ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Demand Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

We propose a mobility-assisted on-demand routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks in the presence of location errors. Location awareness enables mobile nodes to predict their mobility and enhances routing performance by estimating link duration and selecting reliable routes. However, measured locations intrinsically include errors in measurement. Such errors degrade mobility prediction and have been ignored in previous work. To mitigate the impact of location errors on routing, we propose an on-demand routing algorithm taking into account location errors. To that end, we adopt the Kalman filter to estimate accurate locations and consider route confidence in discovering routes. Via simulations, we compare our algorithm and previous algorithms in various environments. Our proposed mobility prediction is robust to the location errors.

scholarly journals MANETs performance analysis with dos attack at different routing protocols

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Zain ◽  
Heba El-khobby ◽  
Hatem M. Abd Elkader ◽  
Mostafa Abdelnaby
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Geographic Routing ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
Reactive Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

A Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET) is widely used in many industrial and people's life applications, such as earth monitoring, natural disaster prevention, agriculture biomedical related applications, and many other areas. Security threat is one of the major aspects of MANET, as it is one of the basic requirements of wireless sensor network, yet this problem has not been sufficiently explored. The main purpose of this paper is to study different MANETs routing protocols with three scenarios of Denial of Service (DoS) attacks on network layer using proactive routing protocol i.e. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) and Reactive routing protocols like Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Hybrid routing protocols like Geographic Routing Protocol (GRP). Moreover, a comparative analysis of DoS attacks for throughput, Data loss, delay and network load is taken into account. The performance of MANET under the attack is studied to find out which protocol is more vulnerable to the attack and how much is the impact of the attack on both protocols. The simulation is done using OPNET 17.

scholarly journals Running Performance of High-Level Soccer Player Positions Induces Significant Muscle Damage and Fatigue Up to 24 h Postgame

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Albuquerque Freire ◽  
Michele Andrade de Brito ◽  
Natã Sant’anna Esteves ◽  
Márcio Tannure ◽  
Maamer Slimani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Professional Soccer ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Soccer Teams ◽  
Lower Load ◽  
Response And Recovery ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Player Positions

This study aimed to determine the impact of a soccer game on the creatine kinase (Ck) response and recovery and the specific Global Positioning System (GPS)-accelerometry-derived performance analysis during matches and comparing playing positions. A sample composed of 118 observations of 24 professional soccer teams of the Brazil League Serie A was recruited and classified according to playing positions, i.e., Left/Right Defenders (D = 30, age: 25.2 ± 5.8 years, height: 187 ± 5.5 cm, weight: 80 ± 5.8 kg), Offensive Midfielders (OM = 44, age: 25.1 ± 0.2 years, height: 177 ± 0.3 cm, weight: 73 ± 1.2 kg), Forwards (F = 9, age: 25.1 ± 0.2 years, height: 176.9 ± 4.3 cm, weight: 74.5 ± 2.1 kg), Left/Right Wingers (M = 23, age: 24.5 ± 0.5 years, height: 175 ± 1.1 cm, weight: 74 ± 4.4 kg), and Strikers (S = 12, age: 28 ± 0.2 years, height: 184 ± 1.0 cm, weight: 80 ± 1.4 kg). Blood Ck concentration was measured pre-, immediately post-, and 24 h postgame, and the GPS-accelerometry parameters were assessed during games. Findings demonstrated that Ck concentrations were higher at all postgame moments when compared with pregame, with incomplete recovery markers being identified up to 24 h after the game (range: 402–835 U/L). Moreover, Midfielders (108.6 ± 5.6 m/min) and Forwards (109.1 ± 8.3 m/min) had a higher relative distance vs. other positions (100.9 ± 10.1 m/min). Strikers [8.2 (8.1, 9.05) load/min] and Defenders [8.45 (8, 8.8) load/min] demonstrated lower load/min than Wingers [9.5 (9.2, 9.8) load/min], Midfielders [10.6 (9.9, 11.67) load/min], and Forwards [11 (10.65, 11, 15) load/min]. These results could be used to adopt specific training programs and recovery strategies after match according to the playing positions.

Research and Improvement of Clustering Routing Algorithm in Ad Hoc Network

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 1087-1090
Author(s):  
Ping Zong ◽  
Jun Qin
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ant Colony Algorithm ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Network Scalability

With the expansion of the network, especially in the case of the nodes frequently moving, clustering routing protocol can reduce the impact of the changed topology on routing protocols, and improve the network scalability and reduce routing overhead. Based on the analysis of the problems of CBRP clustering routing protocol, this paper presents a CRBAC clustering routing algorithm based on ant colony algorithm. The simulation results show that, in the circumstance that the algorithm doesnt significantly increase the routing overhead, improved clustering routing protocol CRBAC get better performance than CBRP. They reflect on the clusters structure more reasonable and stable, the average end-to-end delay and network lifetime significantly improved.

scholarly journals Impact of Direction Parameter in Performance of Modified AODV in VANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Ahamed ◽  
Hamid Vakilzadian
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Packet Loss ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
End To End Delay ◽  
Distance Vector ◽  
End To End ◽  
Route Request ◽  
The Impact

A vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a technology in which moving cars are used as routers (nodes) to establish a reliable mobile communication network among the vehicles. Some of the drawbacks of the routing protocol, Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), associated with VANETs are the end-to-end delay and packet loss. We modified the AODV routing protocols to reduce the number of route request (RREQ) and route reply (RREP) messages by adding direction parameters and two-step filtering. The two-step filtering process reduces the number of RREQ and RREP packets, reduces the packet overhead, and helps to select the stable route. In this study, we show the impact of the direction parameter in reducing the end-to-end delay and the packet loss in AODV. The simulation results show a 1.4% reduction in packet loss, an 11% reduction in the end-to-end delay, and an increase in throughput.

scholarly journals Analysis of Delay-Tolerant Routing Protocols using the Impact of Mobility Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Md. Sharif Hossen ◽  
Muhammad Sajjadur Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Shortest Path ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Shortest Path Map ◽  
Delay Tolerant ◽  
The Impact

Intermittently connected mobile networks are sparsely connected wireless ad-hoc networks where there is no end-to-end path from a source device to a destination. Generally, these paths do not exist. Hence, these devices use intermittent path using the concept of the store-and-forward mechanism to successfully do the communication. These networks are featured by long delay, dissimilar data rates, and larger error rates. Hence, we see the analysis of several delay-tolerant routing protocols, e.g., epidemic, spray-and-wait, prophet, maxprop, rapid, and spray-and-focus using opportunistic network environment simulator. At first, the investigations of the above considered routing protocols are done across three mobility models namely random direction, random walk, and shortest path map based movement mobility model for node impact only. Then, we evaluate these routing protocols against the impact of message copy, buffer, and time-to-live using shortest path map considering the result of node impact. We use three metrics and the result shows that spray-and-focus deserves good performance for showing higher delivery, lower latency, and lower overhead among all routing techniques while epidemic the poor.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document