Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Rosuvastatin Calcium in Pure Form and in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Using Safranin O and Methylene blue

Two simple extractive Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of rosuvastatin calcium (RST) in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of ion association complexes of the RST with basic dyes safranin O (Method A) and methylene blue (Method B) in basic buffer of pH 9.8 followed by their extraction in chloroform. The absorbance of the chloroform layer for each method was measured at its appropriate λmaxagainst the reagent blank. These methods have been statistically evaluated and are found to be precise and accurate.

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Ion Association Methods for the Determination of Fexofenadine in Pharmaceutical Preparations

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2005/370478 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 199-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. D. Srinivas ◽

P. Ravi Kumar ◽

B. S. Sastry

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Ion Association ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Acid Group ◽

Carboxylic Acid Group ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Safranin O ◽

Association Complex

Two simple and sensitive Visible spectrophotometric methods (A and B) for the determination of Fexofenadine (FEX) in bulk sample and pharmaceutical formulations are described. Methods A and B are based on the formation of ion-association complex involving carboxylic acid group of FEX and the basic dyes, Safranin-O (SFN-O, method A), methylene blue (MB, method B). The results obtained in the above two methods are reproducible and are statistically validated and found to be suitable for the assay of Fexofenadine in bulk and its pharmaceutical formulations.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbamazepine in Pharmaceutical Formulations Based on its Reaction with a Brominating Agent

Polytechnic Journal ◽

10.25156/ptj.v9n2y2019.pp42-49 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Warda Rizgar ◽

Diyar S. Ali

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

General Procedure ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Pure Form ◽

Great Precision ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Precision And Accuracy

Two accurate spectrophotometric methods described for the estimation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in both pharmaceutical and pure form. These methodologies are attached to the bromination of CBZ by bromine formed in instantly from the bromate-bromide reaction. The general procedure includes the additional of a known amount of bromate-bromide reagent in an acidic mediocre to CBZ. After the reaction is integrated, the unreacted bromine was reacted with a steady amount of methylene blue, and the absorbance was measured at 665 nm (method A) or, cresol red could be used for the reaction and the absorbance moderated at 517 nm (method B). Beer’s law was submitted from 0.45 to 15.00 μg/mL CBZ with a molar absorptivity of 4.93 × 103 L/mol.cm for method A and from 0.50 to 12.00 μg/mL CBZ with a molar absorptivity of 1.37 × 104 L/mol.cm for method B. The proposed methods were effective for the determination of CBZ in tablets with great precision and accuracy.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Pharmaceutical Formulations Through Ion-Pair Complex Formation

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/827984 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 515-520 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽

Dannana Gowri Sankar

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Acidic Medium ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Ion Pair ◽

Basic Medium ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Safranin O

Four simple and sensitive ion-pairing spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of gemifloxacin mesylate (GFX) either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with safranin O (SFN O) and methylene blue (MB) in basic medium; Napthol blue 12BR (NB 12BR) and azocaramine G (AG) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima at 525, 650, 620 and 540 nm for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively.Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 3-15, 4-20, 2-10 and 2-10 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 2.81 × 104, 2.20 x 104, 4.02 × 104and 4.15 × 104L mole−1cm−1and relative standard deviation of 0.077, 0.104, 0.080 and 0.103% for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively. These methods have been successfully applied for the assay of drug in pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. Results of analysis were validated statistically and through recovery studies.

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Adaptation of Color Reactions for Spectrophotometric Determination of Pitavastatin Calcium in Bulk Drugs and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2007/628987 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 272-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽

Dannana Gowri Sankar

Keyword(s):

Cost Effective ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Reagent Blank ◽

Colored Complex ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Experimental Parameters ◽

The Mean ◽

Pitavastatin Calcium ◽

Color Reactions

Three simple, sensitive and cost effective Spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of pitavastatin calcium (PST) in bulk drugs and in pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the oxidation of PST by ferric chloride in presence ofo-phenanthroline (Method A) or 2, 2’ bipyridyl (Method B) or potassium ferricyanide (Method C). The colored complex formed was measured at 510, 530 and 755 nm for method A, B and C respectively against the reagent blank prepared in the same manner. The optimum experimental parameters for the color production are selected. Beer’s law is valid with in a concentration range of 4-20 μg mL-1for method A, 7.5-37.5 μg mL-1for method B and 5 -25 μg mL-1for method C. For more accurate results, ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 5-18 μg mL-1for method A , 8.5-35.5 μg mL-1for method B and 6.0-23.0 μg mL-1for method C. The molar absorptivities are 3.55x104, 2.10x104and 3.10x104L mol-1cm-1. Where as sandell sensitivities are 0.024, 0.041 and 0.028 μg cm-22 for method A, B and C respectively. The mean percentage recoveries are 99.95 for method A, 101.35 for method B and 100.33 for method C. The developed methods were applied for the determination of PST in bulk powder and in the pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from tablet excipients.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Aciclovir, Cefepirne Hydrochloride, Etamsylate and Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Usina 1,10 Phenanttrroline—Fe(lll) Reaqent

Scientia Pharmaceutica ◽

10.3797/scipharm.aut-04-07 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 73-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marwa S. Elazazy ◽

Abdalla Shalaby ◽

M. N. Elbolkiny ◽

Hawa M. Khalil

Keyword(s):

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Accurate Method ◽

Pure Form ◽

Reagent Blank ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Beer's Law ◽

Beer’S Law ◽

Metoclopramide Hydrochloride

A simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate method for the determination of aciclovir, cefepime HCI, etamsylate and metoclopramide HCI in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations is developed.The method is based on the fomabon of tris(o-phenanthroline) iron(ll) complex (Ferroin) upon the reaction of the ated drugs wrth iron(lll )-o- phenanthroline mixture. The ferroin complex is colorimetncally measured at λmax 510 nm against a reagent blank. 0ptimization of the experimental conditions is described. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range from 0.25–30 µg ml−1 with molar absorpitivities (ε) ranging from 4.796 x 103–9.51 2 x 104 L.mol−1.cm−1 and Sandell sensitivities (S) of 2.129 x 10−3–34.5 x 10−3 µg cm−2. The developed method is applied successfully for the determination of the cited drugs in pure forms and in the corresponding pharmaceutical formulations without any interferences from common excipients.

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Spectrophotometric Determination of Pipazethate Hydrochloride in Pure Form and in Pharmaceutical Formulations

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoac/90.3.686 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 90 (3) ◽

pp. 686-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ragaa El-Shiekh ◽

Alaa S Amin ◽

Faten Zahran ◽

Ayman A Gouda

Keyword(s):

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Pure Form ◽

Acetate Buffer Solution ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Accurate Analysis ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Relative Standard ◽

Optimum Ph

Abstract Three simple, sensitive, and reproducible spectrophotometric methods (AC) for the determination of pipazethate hydrochloride (PiCl) in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations are described. The first and second methods, A and B, are based on the oxidation of the drug by Fe3+ in the presence of o-phenanthroline (o-phen) or bipyridyl (bipy). The formation of tris-complex upon reactions with Fe3+-o-phen and/or Fe3+-bipy mixture in an acetate buffer solution of the optimum pH values was demonstrated at 510 and 522 nm, respectively, with o-phen and bipy. The third method, C, is based on the reduction of Fe(III) by PiCl in acid medium and subsequent interaction of Fe(II) with ferricyanide to form Prussian blue, which exhibits an absorption maximum at 750 nm. The concentration ranges are from 0.5 to 8, 2 to 16, and 3 to 15 g/mL for Methods AC, respectively. For more accurate analysis, Ringbom optimum concentration ranges were calculated. The molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, and detection and quantitation limits were calculated. The developed methods were successfully applied to the determination of PiCl in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations without any interference from common excipients. The relative standard deviations were 0.83% with recoveries of 98.9101.15%.

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Sensitive extraction spectrophotometric methods for the determination of trazodone hydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical formulations

Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society ◽

10.2298/jsc0607829h ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 829-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

K. Harikrishna ◽

Sudhir Kumar ◽

J. Seetharamappa ◽

D.H. Manjunatha

Keyword(s):

Statistical Data ◽

Ion Association ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Bromocresol Green ◽

Color Intensity ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Control Applications ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Trazodone Hydrochloride

Two simple, rapid and sensitive extraction spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the assay of trazodone hydrochloride (TRH) in pure and pharmaceutical formulations. These methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-association complexes of TRH with bromocresol green (BCG) and with methyl orange (MO) in a KCl-HCl buffer of pH 1.5 (for BCG) and in a NaOAc-HCl buffer of pH 3.29 (for MO) with absorption maximum at 415 nm and at 422 nm for BCG and MO, respectively. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain the maximum color intensity. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing concentration of TRH, which was corroborated by the calculated correlation coefficient values (0.9992 and 0.9994). The systems obeyed the Beer law in the range of 0.9-17 and 1-20 ?g/ml for BCG and MO, respectively. Various analytical parameters were evaluated and the results were validated by statistical data. No interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods are simple, accurate and suitable for quality control applications.

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Indirect spectrophotometric determination of diltiazem hydrochloride in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations

Open Chemistry ◽

10.2478/bf02479280 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 520-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Akram El-Didamony

Keyword(s):

Reference Method ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Molar Absorptivity ◽

Pure Form ◽

Diltiazem Hydrochloride ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Chromotrope 2R ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Comparison Of The Results

AbstractThree simple, accurate, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A, B and C) have been described for the indirect assay of diltiazem hydrochloride (DIL.HCl), either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The first method (A) is based on the oxidation of DIL.HCl by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and determination of unconsumed NBS by measuring the decrease in absorbance of amaranth dye (AM) at a suitable λmax=521 nm. Other methods (B) and (C) involve the addition of excess cerric ammonium sulfate (CAS) and subsequent determination of the unconsumed oxidant by a decrease in the red color of chromotrope 2R (C2R) at a suitable λmax=528 nm or a decrease in the orange-pink color of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) at λmax=525 nm, respectively. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlation in the concentration ranges 3.0–9.0, 3.5–7.0 and 3.5–6.3 μg ml−1 for methods A, B and C, respectively. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell's sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The proposed methods have been applied successfully for the analysis of the drug in its pure form and its dosage form. No interference was observed from a common pharmaceutical adjuvant. Statistical comparison of the results with the reference method shows excellent agreement and indicates no significant difference in accuracy and precision.

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USE OF ION ASSOCIATION COMPLEX FORMATION FOR THE SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ITOPRIDE HCL IN BULK AND ITS PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i1.16620 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 81

Author(s):

P. V. Lakshmana Rao ◽

C. Rambabu

Keyword(s):

Complex Formation ◽

Spectrophotometric Determination ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Ion Association ◽

Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽

Spectrophotometric Methods ◽

Itopride Hydrochloride ◽

Soluble Ion ◽

Association Complex

Objective: The authors report two simple, accurate and economic spectrophotometric methods A and B for the determination of Itopride hydrochloride in bulk and dosage forms.Methods: The proposed methods are based on the formation of chloroform soluble ion-associates in the presence of acidic dyes namely BPB (Method A) and BCP (Method B) exhibiting lmax at 418 and 418 nm respectively.Results: Beer’s law is found to be obeyed in the concentration range of 2.0-10.0 µg/ml and 2.0-10.0 µg/ml. The molar absorptivities are found to be 1.42x104 and 9.61x103L/mol. cm for methods A and B. These methods are successfully applied for the assay of Itopride hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.

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