scholarly journals Structural and Ultrastructural Analysis of Cerebral Cortex, Cerebellum, and Hypothalamus from Diabetic Rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan P. Hernández-Fonseca ◽  
Jaimar Rincón ◽  
Adriana Pedreañez ◽  
Ninoska Viera ◽  
José L. Arcaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Depressive Mood ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Central Nervous System Damage ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Presynaptic Vesicle

Autonomic and peripheral neuropathies are well-described complications in diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is also associated to central nervous system damage. This little-known complication is characterized by impairment of brain functions and electrophysiological changes associated with neurochemical and structural abnormalities. The purpose of this study was to investigate brain structural and ultrastructural changes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, and cerebellum were obtained from controls and 8 weeks diabetic rats. Light and electron microscope studies showed degenerative changes of neurons and glia, perivascular and mitochondrial swelling, disarrangement of myelin sheath, increased area of myelinated axons, presynaptic vesicle dispersion in swollen axonal boutoms, fragmentation of neurofilaments, and oligodendrocyte abnormalities. In addition, depressive mood was observed in diabetic animals. The brain morphological alterations observed in diabetic animals could be related to brain pathologic process leading to abnormal function, cellular death, and depressive behavioral.

Mitochondrial Changes in Choline-Deficient Rat Myocardium

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Choline Deficiency ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Cross Striation ◽  
Pericardial Edema ◽  
Myocardial Lesions

Choline-deficiency was induced in Holtzman young rats of both sexes by feeding them a high fat - low protein diet.Preliminary studies of the ultrastructural changes in the myocardium of these animals have been recently reported from this laboratory. Myocardial lesions first appeared in the form of intraventricular mural thrombi, loss of cross striation of muscle fibers and focal necrosis of muscle cells associated with interstitial myocarditis. Prolonged choline-deficiency induced cardiomegaly associated with pericardial edema.During the early phase of this nutritional disorder, heart mitochondria - despite of not showing any swelling similar to that usually encountered in liver mitochondria of the same animal - ware the most ubiquitous site of marked structural abnormalities. Early changes in mitochondria appeared as vacuolation, disorganization, disruption and loss of cristae. Degenerating mitochondria were often seen quite enlarged and their matrix was replaced by whorls of myelin figures resembling lysosomal structures especially where muscle fibers were undergoing necrosis. In some areas, mitochondria appeared to be unusually clumped together where some contained membranelined vacuoles and others enclosed dense bodies and granular inclusions.

Vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors in diabetes mellitus

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (2) ◽  
pp. E217-E223 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Trinder ◽  
P. A. Phillips ◽  
J. M. Stephenson ◽  
J. Risvanis ◽  
A. Aminian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Inositol Phosphate ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
V2 Receptor ◽  
Plasma Arginine ◽  
Long Acting

Diabetes mellitus causes hypertonicity, increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), polydipsia, and polyuria. Downregulation of AVP V2 receptors may contribute to the polyuria through diminished V2 receptor-mediated free water retention. After 2 wk of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the diabetic rats had raised plasma glucose, AVP, and osmolality levels (P < 0.001) compared with nondiabetic controls (Sham). Insulin treatment (4 U long-acting insulin sc, daily) partially lowered these values (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the number of renal and hepatic V1 receptors in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The receptor affinity remained unchanged. In parallel, there was a reduction in maximum AVP-activated total inositol phosphate production in the liver and kidney of the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The density and affinity of renal V2 receptors and AVP-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals were unchanged compared with the sham. These results demonstrate differential regulation of AVP receptors and suggest that downregulation of renal V2 receptors does not contribute to the polyuria of diabetes. In contrast, downregulation of V1 receptors might contribute to diminished V1 receptor-mediated biological responses to AVP seen in diabetes mellitus.

Decreased GABA Receptor Binding in the Cerebral Cortex of Insulin Induced Hypoglycemic and Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 1516-1521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherin Antony ◽  
T. Peeyush Kumar ◽  
Korah P. Kuruvilla ◽  
Naijil George ◽  
C. S. Paulose
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Gaba Receptor ◽  
Diabetic Rats

scholarly journals The acute effects of different spironolactone doses on cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (11) ◽  
pp. 1343-1350
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Vranic ◽  
Stefan Simovic ◽  
Petar Ristic ◽  
Tamara Nikolic ◽  
Isidora Stojic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Rat Hearts ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, while diabetes mellitus remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity. A recent study showed that patients with diabetes mellitus treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have improved coronary microvascular function, leading to improved diastolic dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the influence of acute administration of spironolactone on myocardial function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, with special emphasis on cardiodynamic parameters in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 animals per group): healthy rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, diabetic rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, healthy rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone, and diabetic rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone. Different, dose-dependent, acute responses of spironolactone treatment on isolated, working diabetic and healthy rat heart were observed in our study. In healthy rats, better systolic function was achieved with higher spironolactone dose, while in diabetic rats, similar effects of low and high spironolactone dose were observed.

scholarly journals Terbufos-sulfone exacerbates cardiac lesions in diabetic rats: a sub-acute toxicity study

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syed M. Nurulain ◽  
Mohamed Shafiullah ◽  
Javed Yasin ◽  
Abdu Adem ◽  
Juma Al Kaabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cardiac Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cardiac Lesions

AbstractOrganophosphorus compounds (OPCs) have a wide range of applications, from agriculture to warfare. Exposure to these brings forward a varied kind of health issues globally. Terbufos is one of the leading OPCs used worldwide. The present study investigates the cardiac effect of no observable dose of a metabolite of terbufos, terbufos-sulfone (TS), under non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic condition. One hundred nanomoles per rat (1/20 of LD50) was administered intraperitoneally to adult male Wister rats daily for fifteen days. The left ventricle was collected for ultrastructural changes by transmission electron microscopy. The blood samples were collected for biochemical tests including RBC acetylcholinesterase, creatinine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, ALT, AST, and GGT. The study revealed about 10 % inhibition of RBC-AChE in two weeks of TS treatment in non-diabetic rats whereas RBC-AChE activity was significantly decreased in diabetic TS treated rats. CK, LDH, and triglycerides were significantly higher in diabetic TS treated rats. Electron microscopy of the heart showed derangement and lesions of the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes in the TS treated groups. The present study concludes that a non-lethal dose of TS causes cardiac lesions which exacerbate under diabetic condition. Biochemical tests confirmed the ultrastructural changes. It is concluded that a non-lethal dose of TS may be a risk factor for a cardiovascular disease, which may be fatal under diabetic condition.

scholarly journals Long term evaluation of morphometric and ultrastructural changes of testes of alloxan-induced diabetic rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélia Arcângela Teixeira Trindade ◽  
Antônio Caetano Pereira Simões ◽  
Reinaldo José Silva ◽  
Célia Sperandeo Macedo ◽  
César Tadeu Spadella
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Term Evaluation

Attenuation of Cardiac Functional and Structural Abnormalities by Hibiscus Sabdariffa Polyphenol-Rich Extract in Type-1-Induced Diabetic Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 273 ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Liyana Mohammed Yusof ◽  
Satirah Zainalabidin ◽  
Norsyahida Mohd Fauzi ◽  
Siti Balkis Budin
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Structural Abnormalities

Scaling vs. nonscaling methods of assessing autonomic tone in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (3) ◽  
pp. H1142-H1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itay Perlstein ◽  
Nir Sapir ◽  
Joshua Backon ◽  
Dan Sapoznikov ◽  
Roman Karasik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Autoregressive Modeling ◽  
Autonomic Tone ◽  
Scaling Parameter ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Baseline Conditions

We studied heart rate variability in rats by power scaling spectral analysis (PSSA), autoregressive modeling (AR), and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), assessed stability by coefficient of variation between consecutive 6-h epochs, and then compared cross-correlation among techniques. These same parameters were checked from baseline conditions through acute and chronic disease states (streptozotocin-induced diabetes) followed by therapeutic intervention (insulin). Cross-correlation between methods over the entire time period was r = 0.94 (DFA and PSSA), r = 0.81 (DFA and AR), and r = 0.77 (AR and PSSA). Under baseline conditions the scaling parameter measured by DFA and PSSA and the high-frequency (HF) component measured by AR fluctuated around an average value, but these fluctuations were different for the three methods. After diabetes induction, a strong correlation was found between the HF power and the short-term scaling parameter. Despite their differences in methodology, DFA and PSSA assess changes in parasympathetic tone as detected by autoregressive modeling.

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