Vasopressin V1 and V2 receptors in diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus causes hypertonicity, increased plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), polydipsia, and polyuria. Downregulation of AVP V2 receptors may contribute to the polyuria through diminished V2 receptor-mediated free water retention. After 2 wk of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the diabetic rats had raised plasma glucose, AVP, and osmolality levels (P < 0.001) compared with nondiabetic controls (Sham). Insulin treatment (4 U long-acting insulin sc, daily) partially lowered these values (P < 0.01). There was a reduction in the number of renal and hepatic V1 receptors in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The receptor affinity remained unchanged. In parallel, there was a reduction in maximum AVP-activated total inositol phosphate production in the liver and kidney of the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals compared with the sham animals (P < 0.05). The density and affinity of renal V2 receptors and AVP-stimulated adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production in the diabetic and diabetic+insulin animals were unchanged compared with the sham. These results demonstrate differential regulation of AVP receptors and suggest that downregulation of renal V2 receptors does not contribute to the polyuria of diabetes. In contrast, downregulation of V1 receptors might contribute to diminished V1 receptor-mediated biological responses to AVP seen in diabetes mellitus.

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The acute effects of different spironolactone doses on cardiac function in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/cjpp-2017-0055 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 95 (11) ◽

pp. 1343-1350

Author(s):

Aleksandra Vranic ◽

Stefan Simovic ◽

Petar Ristic ◽

Tamara Nikolic ◽

Isidora Stojic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Systolic Function ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Rat ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Currently, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of global mortality, while diabetes mellitus remains an important cause of cardiovascular morbidity. A recent study showed that patients with diabetes mellitus treated with mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have improved coronary microvascular function, leading to improved diastolic dysfunction. In this study, we evaluated the influence of acute administration of spironolactone on myocardial function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, with special emphasis on cardiodynamic parameters in diabetic rat hearts. The present study was carried out on 40 adult male Wistar albino rats (8 weeks old). Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 animals per group): healthy rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, diabetic rats treated with 0.1 μmol/L of spironolactone, healthy rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone, and diabetic rats treated with 3 μmol/L of spironolactone. Different, dose-dependent, acute responses of spironolactone treatment on isolated, working diabetic and healthy rat heart were observed in our study. In healthy rats, better systolic function was achieved with higher spironolactone dose, while in diabetic rats, similar effects of low and high spironolactone dose were observed.

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Comparison of the Effects of Glibenclamide on Metabolic Parameters, GLUT1 Expression, and Liver Injury in Rats With Severe and Mild Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina48100078 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (10) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jelizaveta Sokolovska ◽

Sergejs Isajevs ◽

Olga Sugoka ◽

Jelena Sharipova ◽

Natalia Paramonova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Protein Expression ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Gene And Protein Expression ◽

Glut1 Expression ◽

Mild Diabetes ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Glut1 Gene

Background and Objective. Glucose transport via GLUT1 protein could be one of additional mechanisms of the antidiabetic action of sulfonylureas. Here, the GLUT1 gene and the protein expression was studied in rats in the course of severe and mild streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus and under glibenclamide treatment. Material and Methods. Severe and mild diabetes mellitus was induced using different streptozotocin doses and standard or high fat chow. Rats were treated with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg daily, per os for 6 weeks). The therapeutic effect of glibenclamide was monitored by measuring several metabolic parameters. The GLUT1 mRNA and the protein expression in the kidneys, heart, and liver was studied by means of real-time R T-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Results. The glibenclamide treatment decreased the blood glucose concentration and increased the insulin level in both models of severe and mild diabetes mellitus. Severe diabetes mellitus provoked an increase in both GLUT1 gene and protein expression in the kidneys and the heart, which was nearly normalized by glibenclamide. In the kidneys of mildly diabetic rats, an increase in the GLUT1 gene expression was neither confirmed on the protein level nor influenced by the glibenclamide treatment. In the liver of severely diabetic rats, the heart and the liver of mildly diabetic rats, the GLUT1 gene and the protein expression was changed independently of each other, which might be explained by abortive transcription, and pre- and posttranslational modifications of gene expression. Conclusions. The GLUT1 expression was found to be affected by the glucose and insulin levels and can be modulated by glibenclamide in severely and mildly diabetic rats. Glibenclamide can prevent the liver damage caused by severe hyperglycemia.

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Effect of pancreas transplantation on decreased levels of circulating bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein and osteopenia in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1270081 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 81-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hitoshi Ishida ◽

Yutaka Seino ◽

Noritaka Takeshita ◽

Takeshi Kurose ◽

Kazuo Tsuji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Bone Turnover ◽

Pancreas Transplantation ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Chronic Complications ◽

Carboxyglutamic Acid ◽

Low Bone Turnover ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Osteopenia

Diabetic osteopenia has been known as one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus, and a decrease in bone turnover has been thought to be one of the pathophysiological characteristics of this complication. In order to investigate the effect of long-term insulin therapy on low bone turnover in diabetes, pancreas transplantation was performed on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Plasma levels of bone γ-carboxyglutamic acid-containing protein(osteocalcin) in untreated diabetic rats were 0.9±0.1 (mean±sem) nmol/l, significantly lower than the value of 4.2±0.6 nmol/l in control rats (p<0.01). Pancreas transplantation reversed this decrease to 6.3±1.1 nmol/l, which was not significantly different from the value in control rats. The circulating levels of calcitriol were significantly decreased in the untreated diabetic group (p<0.01), and the decrease was fully reversed by pancreas transplantation. In addition, the decreases in bone length, strength and weight were also improved by the transplantation. This evidence clearly shows that the improvement of metabolic derangements in diabetes by insulin is essential for the prevention of deterioration in diabetic osteopenia. It is possible, therefore, that insulin exerts an indirect beneficial influence through the metabolic amelioration on the decreases in bone turnover and circulating osteocalcin in diabetes mellitus, or has a direct stimulatory effect on the osteoblasts via the insulin receptor since its presence has been shown recently in osteoblastic cells.

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Inhibitory Effect of Astraxanthin Combined with Flavangenol® on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Streptozotocin-Iduced Diabetic Rats

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.78.45.175 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 78 (45) ◽

pp. 175-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Masako Nakano ◽

Natsumi Orimo ◽

Nakako Katagiri ◽

Masahito Tsubata ◽

Jiro Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxide ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Cataract Formation ◽

Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

In this study, the effect of dietary antioxidants, such as astaxanthin and Flavangenol®, and a combination of both, in counteracting oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetes was investigated. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were divided into four groups: control, astaxanthin, Flavangenol, and combined astaxanthin and Flavangenol (mix group). Each group other than the control group was fed with an astaxanthin diet (0.1 g/kg), Flavangenol diet (2.0 g/kg), or an astaxanthin (0.1 g/kg)-Flavangenol (2.0 g/kg) mixture diet, respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, the results showed that the lipid peroxide levels of plasma and lens and the plasma triglyceride (TG) level in the mix group were significantly decreased by 44%, 20%, and 20%, respectively, compared with the control group. In the mix group, lipid peroxidation was also significantly reduced by 70% in the liver and 20% in the kidney compared with the control group. Furthermore, the level of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the mix group was significantly lower, 36%, than the control group. The α-tocopherol concentrations in the plasma, liver, and kidney in the astaxanthin and mix groups were significantly higher, 3-9 times, than in the control group. The degree of cataract formation in the Flavangenol and mix groups tended to be lower than the control group. These results indicate that the combination of astaxanthin with Flvangenol has an improved protective effect on oxidative stress associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes than either agent used alone. Thus, this combination may be beneficial in preventing the progression of diabetic complications.

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Antihyperlipidemic and Biochemical Activities of Mcy Protein in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000373954 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 1326-1334 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Saritha Marella ◽

Dilip Rajasekhar Maddirela ◽

Kameswara Rao Badri ◽

Malaka Venkateshwarulu Jyothi Kumar ◽

Apparao Chippada

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Tissue Lipid ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Wistar Albino Rats

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the protective effects of a novel anti-hyperglycemic “Mcy protein” isolated from the fruits of Momordica cymbalaria in streptozotocin induced- diabetes rat model. Materials and Methods: Wild type and Streptozotocin induced diabetic male wistar albino rats were either treated with single intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mg Mcy protein/kg body weight or acetate buffer daily for 30 days. Fasting blood glucose and, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with biochemical analysis for hepatic and renal function tests. Results: Mcy protein significantly reduced the fasting blood glucose and, serum as well as tissue lipid levels (p<0.05), besides normalizing the levels of liver and kidney function markers in the treated diabetic rats when compared to the diabetic controls. Our studies also showed the pancreatic islet regeneration in Mcy treated rats. Conclusion: Mcy protein can alleviate hyperlipidemia and help manage diabetes by stimulating insulin secretion without evident toxic effects on liver and kidney.

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Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on some bone turnover markers in the vertebrae of ovary-intact and ovariectomized adult rats

Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o06-066 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 728-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

V. Gopalakrishnan ◽

J. Arunakaran ◽

M. M. Aruldhas ◽

N. Srinivasan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Chondroitin Sulphate ◽

Heparan Sulphate ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Trap Activity ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Turnover Markers

Diabetes mellitus and estrogen deficit are known causes of osteopenia in animal models as well as in humans. In the present work, the combined effect of ovariectomy and diabetes was investigated. Diabetes was induced in ovary-intact and ovariectomized female Wistar rats with a single injection (50 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) of streptozotocin. The rats were administered insulin (I) daily or 17-β estradiol (E2) on alternate days for a period of 35 days and sacrificed. Serum calcium (Ca2+), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), vertebral ALP, collagen, and glycosaminoglycans were estimated. The levels of serum Ca2+and P increased in diabetic rats, but decreased after I or E2treatments. Serum ALP and TRAP activity increased in the ovary-intact and ovariectomized diabetic rats. Vertebral ALP activity increased in ovariectomized diabetic rats, but decreased in diabetic rats, which were treated with I or E2. In the vertebrae, TRAP activity was elevated as a result of diabetes, but this was prevented by insulin or estradiol. Diabetes induced a decrease in total collagen in the vertebrae, while I or E2treatment induced an increase. The levels of chondroitin sulphate and heparan sulphate decreased significantly in the vertebrae of both ovary-intact and ovariectomized diabetic rats, while hyaluronic acid increased. In conclusion, diabetes and ovariectomy each seem to affect the process of matrix formation and mineralization in the bone, and this is aggravated by the combination of diabetes and ovariectomy. The effects of I and E2were similar, and both hormones reversed the changes brought about by diabetes.

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Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Gymnema sylvestre and Andrographis paniculata in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research ◽

10.25258/ijpapr.v9i1.8034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Prem Kumar ◽

Sudha Rani ◽

B Arunjyothi ◽

P. Chakrapani ◽

A Rojarani

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Low Cost ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Andrographis Paniculata ◽

Antidiabetic Activity ◽

Gymnema Sylvestre ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Oxidative Effect

Diabetes mellitus is a difficult metabolic disorder that has seriously impact the human health and quality of life. Medicinal plants are being used to control diabetes However, they are not entirely effective and no one has ever been reported to have fully recovered from diabetes. Many plants have been used for the management of diabetes mellitus in various traditional systems of medicine worldwide as they are a great source of biological constituents and many of them are known to be effective against diabetes. Medicinal plants with antihyperglycemic activities are being more desired, owing to lesser sideeffects and low cost. Streptozotocin was induced to all groups of rats at dosage of 35 -55mg/kg except for the normal. Streptozotocin induced diabetes in sprague dawly rats were used to study antidiabetic activity of methonolic extract of two medicinal plants Gymnema sylvestre,Andrographis paniculata methanolic leaf extract was administered orally in graded doses of 30 mg/kg,50mg /kg sprague dawly rats Gymnema sylvestre at a dose of 30mg/kg and Andrographis paniculata at a dose of 50mg/kg showed significant anti-hyperglycemic and anti-oxidative effect which was evident from the 1st week of treatment.

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Role of Vernonia Amygdalina on Plasma Lipid Profile, Liver and Kidney Enzymes in Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

Sumerianz Journal of Medical and Healthcare ◽

10.47752/sjmh.311.93.102 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 93-102

Author(s):

Gabriel Olukayode Ajayi ◽

Elvis Uchechukwu Obi ◽

Elizabeth Namesegua Elegbeleye ◽

Precious Titilayo Obayemi ◽

Oyindamola Mary Edamisan

Keyword(s):

Lipid Profile ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Vernonia Amygdalina ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a non-communicable disease which has been associated with liver and kidney injuries, and at the same time affects lipid profiles. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Vernonia amygdalina (VAM) on plasma lipid profile, liver and kidney enzymes in rats with streptozotocin -induced diabetes. Twenty-five male albino wistar rats weighing between 137 and 223 g were randomly grouped into five of five rats per group as follows: control, diabetic, diabetic + metformin (MET), diabetic + VAM at 150, 300 mg/kg. Diabetes was induced by administration of 45 mg/kg body weight streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.01 M, pH 4.5) by single intraperitoneal injection. Three days after, when diabetes was confirmed, MET and VAM were administered daily by oral gavage for 7 days. Animals were fasted overnight after the last administration of MET and VAM, sacrificed, blood was collected and plasma prepared for lipid profile estimation. Liver and kidney were collected, weighed, homogenized and supernatants obtained for enzymes and biochemical assays. There were no significant (p>0.05) change in the weights of animal, liver and kidney, liver/rat and kidney/rat ratios, plasma cholesterol (CHOL) concentration, activities of liver and kidney aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and liver and kidney total protein (TPRO) concentrations; significant (p<0.05) decrease in triglyceride (TRIG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL); and significant (p<0.05) increase in fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, kidney GGT, LDH activities, liver and kidney creatinine (CREA) and total bilirubin (TBIL) concentrations of diabetic (STZ) rats compared with normal control. The treatment of the diabetic rats with MET and VAM significantly modulated positively these parameters compared with the diabetic rats. This study further explains the protective role played by VAM in dyslipidaemia, liver and kidney injuries resulting from diabetes.

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Streptozotocin-induced diabetes lowers retinol-binding protein and transthyretin concentrations in rats

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19960095 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 891-897 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

P. J. Tuitoek ◽

S. J. Rittere ◽

J. E. Smitha ◽

T. K. Basu

Keyword(s):

Binding Protein ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Diabetic Control ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Retinol Binding Protein ◽

Total Vitamin ◽

Plasma Albumin ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽

Altered Metabolism

Retinol-binding protein (RBP) and transthyretin (TTR) in the plasma, liver and kidney, retinol in plasma, and total vitamin A in the liver were measured in rats 6 weeks after diabetes mellitus had been induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The diabetic rats gained 83% less weight despite consuming 45% more feed than the non-diabetic controls. Plasma and kidney concentrations of RBP and TTR were significantly lower in diabetic than in the non-diabetic control rats. Unlike the retinol carrier proteins, plasma albumin concentrations remained unaffected. Plasma concentrations of retino1 were decreased while its hepatic levels increased in the diabeticanimals. The depressed circulatory levels of retinol may reflect an altered metabolism of its transport proteins

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