Advancements in Development of Chemical-Looping Combustion: A Review

Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a novel combustion technology with inherent separation of greenhouseCO2. Extensive research has been performed on CLC in the last decade with respect to oxygen carrier development, reaction kinetics, reactor design, system efficiencies, and prototype testing. Transition metal oxides, such as Ni, Fe, Cu, and Mn oxides, were reported as reactive species in the oxygen carrier particles. Ni-based oxygen carriers exhibited the best reactivity and stability during multiredox cycles. The performance of the oxygen carriers can be improved by changing preparation method or by making mixedoxides. The CLC has been demonstrated successfully in continuously operated prototype reactors based on interconnected fluidized-bed system in the size range of 0.3–50 kW. High fuel conversion rates and almost 100% CO2capture efficiencies were obtained. The CLC system with two interconnected fluidized-bed reactors was considered the most suitable reactor design. Development of oxygen carriers with excellent reactivity and stability is still one of the challenges for CLC in the near future. Experiences of building and operating the large-scale CLC systems are needed before this technology is used commercially. Chemical-looping reforming (CLR) and chemical-looping hydrogen (CLH) are novel chemical-looping techniques to produce synthesis gas and hydrogen deserving more attention and research.

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Optimizing the Fuel Reactor for Chemical Looping Combustion

17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion ◽

10.1115/fbc2003-063 ◽

2003 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Juan Ada´nez ◽

Francisco Garci´a-Labiano ◽

Luis F. de Diego ◽

Ainhoa Plata ◽

Javier Celaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Oxygen Carrier ◽

Bubble Diameter ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Oxygen Carriers ◽

Solid Contact ◽

Fuel Reactor ◽

Contact Efficiency

A mathematical model for a bubbling fluidized bed has been developed to optimize the performance of the fuel reactor in chemical looping combustion systems. This model considers both the hydrodynamic of the fluidized bed (dense bed and freeboard) and the kinetics of the oxygen carrier reduction. Although the model is valid for any of the possible oxygen carriers and fuels, the present work has been focused in the use of a carrier, CuO-SiO2, and CH4 as fuel. The shrinking core model has been used to define the particle behavior during their reduction. The simulation of the fuel reactor under different operating conditions was carried out to set the operating conditions and optimize the process. The effect of different design or operating variables as the bed height, the oxygen carrier/fuel ratio, and the gas throughput was analyzed. Finally, a sensitivity analysis to the solid reactivity, the bubble diameter, and to the gas/solid contact efficiency in the freeboard was done. At vigorous fluidization, solid present in the freeboard can strongly contribute to the gas conversion in the fuel reactor. However, the gas/solid contact efficiency in this zone must be determined for each particular case.

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Characteristic Study of Briquette Cyanobacteria as Fuel in Chemical Looping Combustion with Hematite as Oxygen Carrier

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11104388 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 4388

Author(s):

Haifeng Zhang ◽

Laihong Shen ◽

Huijun Ge ◽

Hongcun Bai

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Oxygen Carrier ◽

Compressive Load ◽

Phosphorus Recovery ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Carbon Conversion ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Liquid Products ◽

Lower Temperature

Due to the more and more serious cyanobacteria bloom problem, it is particularly urgent to find a technology suitable for large-scale disposal and the efficient recovery of abundant nitrogen and phosphorus resources in cyanobacteria. The combination of chemical looping combustion (CLC) and biomass densification technology is thought to be a promising utilization selection. Based on the experimental results, the mechanical strength and energy density of briquette cyanobacteria are evidently increased with the compressive load; whereas, 10% is the optimal moisture content in the densification process. A higher heating rate in TGA would result in the damage of the internal structure of the briquette cyanobacteria, which are conducive to the carbon conversion efficiency. The presence of a hematite oxygen carrier would enhance the carbon conversion and catalyzed crack liquid products. CO2 yield is increased 25 percent and CH4 yield is decreased 50 percent at 900 °C in the CLC process. In addition, the lower temperature and reduction atmosphere in CLC would result in a lower NO emission concentration. The reactivity and porous property of hematite OC in CLC also increased during 10 redox cycle experiments. The CLC process accelerates the generation of CaH2P2O7 and CaHPO4 in cyanobacteria ash, which is more conducive to phosphorus recovery.

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Syngas combustion characteristics of four oxygen carrier particles for chemical-looping combustion in a batch fluidized bed reactor

Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering ◽

10.1007/s11814-009-0089-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 523-527 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ho-Jung Ryu ◽

Dowon Shun ◽

Dal-Hee Bae ◽

Moon-Hee Park

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Oxygen Carrier ◽

Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽

Combustion Characteristics ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Syngas Combustion

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Natural minerals as oxygen carriers for chemical looping combustion in a dual circulating fluidized bed system

Energy Procedia ◽

10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.006 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Tobias Pröll ◽

Karl Mayer ◽

Johannes Bolhàr-Nordenkampf ◽

Philipp Kolbitsch ◽

Tobias Mattisson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Circulating Fluidized Bed ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Oxygen Carriers ◽

Natural Minerals

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Modeling of the Chemical Looping Combustion of Hard Coal and Biomass Using Ilmenite as the Oxygen Carrier

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13205394 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (20) ◽

pp. 5394

Author(s):

Anna Zylka ◽

Jaroslaw Krzywanski ◽

Tomasz Czakiert ◽

Kamil Idziak ◽

Marcin Sosnowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fluidized Bed ◽

Oxygen Carrier ◽

Experimental Tests ◽

Chemical Looping Combustion ◽

Hard Coal ◽

Chemical Looping ◽

Simulation Accuracy ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Fuel Reactor ◽

Relative Errors

This paper presents a 1.5D model of a fluidized bed chemical looping combustion (CLC) built with the use of a comprehensive simulator of fluidized and moving bed equipment (CeSFaMB) simulator. The model is capable of calculating the effect of gas velocity in the fuel reactor on the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed and the kinetics of the CLC process. Mass of solids in re actors, solid circulating rates, particle residence time, and the number of particle cycles in the air and fuel reactor are considered within the study. Moreover, the presented model calculates essential emissions such as CO2, SOX, NOX, and O2. The model was successfully validated on experimental tests that were carried out on the Fluidized-Bed Chemical-Looping-Combustion of Solid-Fuels unit located at the Institute of Advanced Energy Technologies, Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland. The model’s validation showed that the maximum relative errors between simulations and experiment results do not exceed 10%. The CeSFaMB model is an optimum compromise among simulation accuracy, computational resources, and processing time.

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