scholarly journals Evaluation of Hexane Extract of Tuber of Root ofCyperus rotundusLinn (Cyperaceae) for Repellency against Mosquito Vectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
K. Raghavendra ◽  
A. P. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Tuber Extract

Hexane extract of tuber of plantCyperus rotundus(Cyperaceae) was screened under laboratory conditions for repellent activity against mosquito vectorAnopheles culicifaciesGiles species A (Diptera: Culicidae),Anopheles stephensiListon (Diptera: Culicidae), andCulex quinquefasciatusSay (Diptera: Culicidae). TheCyperus rotundustuber extract was used to determine their effect on mosquito vector, and comparison with the DEET (NN Diethyl 1-3 methyl Benzamide, formerly known as diethyl 1-m-toluamide). The tuber extracts showed more effective at all the dose. Result obtained from the laboratory experiment showed that the tuber extracts are more effective for repellency of allthe mosquito vector even at low dose. Clear dose response relationships were established with the highest dose of 10% tuber extract evoking 100% repellency. Percent protection obtained againstAn. culicifaciesGiles species A 100% repellency in 4 hours, 6 hours,An. stephensi100% repellency in 6 hours andCx. quinquefasciatuswas 100% repellency in 6 hours at the 10% concentration. Against DEET- 2.5%An. culicifaciesA 100% repellency in 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, An.stephensihave shown 100% repellency in 6 hours, andCulex quinquefasciatushave shown 100% repellency in 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours. The consolidated data of the repellency observed in different species is given and it is evident that the over all repellency rates varied between 80 and 100% for different repellents concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%). The extract can be applied as an effective personal protective measure against mosquito bites.

scholarly journals MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTION OF DURANTA PLUMIERI (VERBENACEAE) AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
PAYAL MITTAL ◽  
MANISH GOSWAMI ◽  
MONIKA AIRI
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Marker Compound

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the repellent activity of different extracts of Duranta plumieri against mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods: Four different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) of D. plumieri were evaluated for repellency test against mosquito vector C. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in comparison with diethyltoluamide (DEET), which was used as a positive control. Results: Results showed that chloroform extract was the most effective against mosquito vector even at a low dose. A direct relationship was observed with different concentrations of D. plumieri extract and the repellent activity. Moreover, all the extracts showed highly significant level of repellency as compared to DEET at 10% dosage till 5 h of exposure. Among all of these, chloroform extract showed significant repellency at 5% dosage till 4 h. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of D. plumieri has the potential as an effective mosquito repellent and further studies are needed to isolate the marker compound responsible for this activity.

scholarly journals Behavioural response of mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus to synthetic pyrethroid and organophosphorus-based slow-release insecticidal paint

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Dhiman ◽  
Kavita Yadav ◽  
B. N. Acharya ◽  
Raj Kumar Ahirwar ◽  
D. Sukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Escape Time ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
Contact Exposure

Abstract Background The direct toxicological impact of insecticides on vector mosquitoes has been well emphasized; however, behavioural responses such as excito-repellency and physical avoidance as a result of insecticide exposure have not been much studied. We have demonstrated the excito-repellency and behavioural avoidance in certain vector mosquito species on exposure to a slow-release insecticidal paint (SRIP) formulation in addition to direct toxicity. Methods A SRIP formulation developed by the Defence Research and Development Establishment, Gwalior, contains chlorpyriphos, deltamethrin and pyriproxyfen as active insecticides. Anopheles stephensi, Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were used to study the excito-repellency response of the formulation. The experiments were performed in a specially designed dual-choice exposure and escape chamber made of transparent polymethyl methacrylate. For the experiments, the SRIP formulation was applied undiluted at a rate of 8 m2 per kg on 15 cm2 metallic surfaces. Mosquitoes were introduced into the exposure chamber, and observations of the movement of mosquitoes into the escape chamber through the exit portal were taken at 1-min intervals for up to 30 min. Results The evaluated formulation displayed strong excito-repellency against all three tested vector mosquito species. Results showed that the ET50 (escape time 50%) for Ae. aegypti, An. stephensi and Cx. quinquefasciatus was 20.9 min, 14.5 min and 17.9 min for contact exposure (CE) respectively. Altogether in CE, the escape rates were stronger in An. stephensi mosquitoes at different time intervals compared to Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. The probit analysis revealed that the determined ET did not deviate from linearity for both non-contact exposure (NCE) and placebo exposure (PE) (χ2 ≤ 7.9; p = 1.0) for Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and for NCE (χ2 = 8.3; p = 1.0) and PE (χ2 = 1.7; p = 1.0) treatments in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mortality (24 h) was found to be statistically higher (F = 6.4; p = 0.02) in An. stephensi for CE but did not vary for NCE (p ≥ 0.3) and PE (p = 0.6) treatments among the tested mosquito species. Survival probability response suggested that all the three tested species displayed similar survival responses for similar exposures (χ2 ≤ 2.3; p ≥ 0.1). Conclusion The study demonstrates the toxicity and strong behavioural avoidance in known vector mosquito species on exposure to an insecticide-based paint formulation. The combination of insecticides in the present formulation will broaden the overall impact spectrum for protecting users from mosquito bites. The efficacy data generated in the study provide crucial information on the effectiveness of the tested formulation and could be useful in reducing the transmission intensity and disease risk in endemic countries.

scholarly journals Wild chive oil is an extremely effective larvicide against malaria mosquito vector Anopheles stephensi

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi ◽  
Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi ◽  
YaserSalim Abadi ◽  
Azim Paksa
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Malaria Mosquito

Vector survival and parasite infection: the effect of Wuchereria bancrofti on its vector Culex quinquefasciatus

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KRISHNAMOORTHY ◽  
S. SUBRAMANIAN ◽  
G. J. VAN OORTMARSSEN ◽  
J. D. F. HABBEMA ◽  
P. K. DAS
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Extrinsic Incubation Period ◽  
Parasite Loss

This paper investigates a cohort of 2187 laboratory reared Culex quinquefasciatus fed on 69 human volunteers, including 59 persons with different levels of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and 10 without microfilaria. Mosquitoes were followed until death. Mosquito survival was analysed in relation to the level of microfilaria in the human and larval count in the dead mosquito. Vector mortality during the extrinsic incubation period (12 days post-engorgement) was significantly higher in mosquitoes fed on microfilaraemic volunteers (50%) than in those fed on amicrofilaraemics (29%). Both the percentage infected and the geometric mean parasite density was significantly higher among mosquitoes which died before 13 days (45% infected and 10 larvae per infected mosquito) than those surviving beyond 13 days (39% and 2·2), suggesting a parasite loss of more than 80% during the extrinsic incubation period. A large proportion (62%) of the mosquitoes that died during the early of phase of parasite development were infected (36% in low, 26% in medium and 90% in high human Mf-density). Survival analysis showed that the parasite load in mosquitoes and the human Mf-density for a given parasite load are independent risk factors of vector survival. Overall, the hazard of dying was found to be 11–15 times higher among mosquitoes fed on microfilaraemic volunteers than those fed on amicrofilaraemics. The hazard doubles for every increase of about 60–70 parasites in the vector. As a consequence of the parasite-induced reduction in vector survival, the transmission success of the parasite is reduced. The implication of the results on control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis using mass-drug administration is discussed.

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