scholarly journals MOSQUITO REPELLENT ACTION OF DURANTA PLUMIERI (VERBENACEAE) AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 317-320
Author(s):  
PAYAL MITTAL ◽  
MANISH GOSWAMI ◽  
MONIKA AIRI
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Marker Compound

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the repellent activity of different extracts of Duranta plumieri against mosquito vector Culex quinquefasciatus. Methods: Four different extracts (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, and aqueous) of D. plumieri were evaluated for repellency test against mosquito vector C. quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in comparison with diethyltoluamide (DEET), which was used as a positive control. Results: Results showed that chloroform extract was the most effective against mosquito vector even at a low dose. A direct relationship was observed with different concentrations of D. plumieri extract and the repellent activity. Moreover, all the extracts showed highly significant level of repellency as compared to DEET at 10% dosage till 5 h of exposure. Among all of these, chloroform extract showed significant repellency at 5% dosage till 4 h. Conclusion: Chloroform extract of D. plumieri has the potential as an effective mosquito repellent and further studies are needed to isolate the marker compound responsible for this activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Hexane Extract of Tuber of Root ofCyperus rotundusLinn (Cyperaceae) for Repellency against Mosquito Vectors

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Singh ◽  
K. Raghavendra ◽  
A. P. Dash
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Protective Measure ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Anopheles Culicifacies ◽  
Clear Dose Response ◽  
Tuber Extract

Hexane extract of tuber of plantCyperus rotundus(Cyperaceae) was screened under laboratory conditions for repellent activity against mosquito vectorAnopheles culicifaciesGiles species A (Diptera: Culicidae),Anopheles stephensiListon (Diptera: Culicidae), andCulex quinquefasciatusSay (Diptera: Culicidae). TheCyperus rotundustuber extract was used to determine their effect on mosquito vector, and comparison with the DEET (NN Diethyl 1-3 methyl Benzamide, formerly known as diethyl 1-m-toluamide). The tuber extracts showed more effective at all the dose. Result obtained from the laboratory experiment showed that the tuber extracts are more effective for repellency of allthe mosquito vector even at low dose. Clear dose response relationships were established with the highest dose of 10% tuber extract evoking 100% repellency. Percent protection obtained againstAn. culicifaciesGiles species A 100% repellency in 4 hours, 6 hours,An. stephensi100% repellency in 6 hours andCx. quinquefasciatuswas 100% repellency in 6 hours at the 10% concentration. Against DEET- 2.5%An. culicifaciesA 100% repellency in 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours, An.stephensihave shown 100% repellency in 6 hours, andCulex quinquefasciatushave shown 100% repellency in 1 hour, 2 hours, 6 hours. The consolidated data of the repellency observed in different species is given and it is evident that the over all repellency rates varied between 80 and 100% for different repellents concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%). The extract can be applied as an effective personal protective measure against mosquito bites.

scholarly journals Lantana montevidensis Essential Oil: Chemical Composition and Mosquito Repellent Activity against Aedes aegypti

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Betul Demirci ◽  
Maia Tsikolia ◽  
Jeffrey R. Bloomquist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons

The essential oil (EO) of Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. (L. sellowiana Link & Otto) was investigated for its chemical composition and mosquito repellent activity. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of aerial plant parts was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. The major constituents were β-elemene (22.0%), β-caryophyllene (20.1%), and germacrene D (9.4%). Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were present in considerable quantities (78.9%) in the L. montevidensis EO, followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (8.9%), monoterpene hydrocarbons (7.7%), oxygenated monoterpenes (1.9%), diterpenes (1.2%) and other compounds (0.2%). The oil of L. montevidensis was repellent with a minimum effective dosage (MED) of 0.021 ± 0.013 mg/cm2 as compared with that of the positive control N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) with a MED of 0.006 ± 0.001 mg/cm2) against Aedes aegypti L. The major compound β-elemene was tested individually for its repellency and had a MED value of 0.23 ± 0.14 mg/cm2 (DEET was 0.008 ± 0.001 mg/cm2). This is the first report on the repellent activity of L. montevidensis EO and β-elemene using human-based in vivo assays against Ae. aegypti.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and mosquito repellent activity of the essential oil of Plectranthus incanus link

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Pal ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Krishna Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anopheles Stephensi ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Citronella Oil ◽  
Culex Fatigans ◽  
Protection Period

The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of Plectranthus incanus Link, with the yield of 0.6% (w/v), was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. A total of 16 constituents, representing 95.2% of the oil, were identified. The major components of the oil were fenchone (6.0%), piperitone oxide (32.4%), piperitenone (3.0%) and piperitenone oxide (41.5%). The repellent activity of the volatile oil at different concentrations was measured by the protection period against the bites of Anopheles stephensi and Culex fatigans. The tested oil had stronger repellent activity than citronella oil, which was used as a positive control. LC50 (30 min) for P. incanus oil against An. stephensi and C. fatigans were 23.8 and 19.6 ?l/L air, respectively, whereas LC50 of citronella oil were 31.7 and 31.0 ?l/L air. Thus, P. incanus may be regarded as a potential valuable source of chemicals that have strong mosquito repellent activity, and could be used for the preparation of mosquito repellent formulations.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Brusatol Isolated from Brucea javanica (L) Merr on Culex quinquefasciatus

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi SUTININGSIH ◽  
Nurjazuli NURJAZULI ◽  
Djoko NUGROHO ◽  
Tri Baskoro Tunggul SATOTO
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Brucea Javanica

Background: Vector control is still emphasized on the using of chemical insecticide which can cause death of non-target organisms, pollution and vector resistance. Therefore, natural insecticides/larvicides are an alternative to using chemical insecticides to control the mosquito vector. Methods: Brusatol was isolated from the seeds of Makassar Fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr). Culex quinquefasciatus larvae were divided into 3 groups, i.e. 6 testing groups and one negative and positive control group. In the negative control group, the larvae were treated with 100 ml aquadest and positive control was treated with temephos 1 ppm. After 24 hours, dead larvae were calculated and the percentage of death was determined. The dead larvae were then examined for morphological changes using a light microscope. Results: The higher of the concentration level of brusatol, the higher number of the death of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae (P<0.05). The value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 50 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.010 ± 0.122 and value of brusatol Lethal Concentration 90 to larvae Cx. quinquefasciatus was 0.654 ± 0.081 ppm. The higher the concentration of brusatol, the morphological damage of Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae was getting worse and widespread to cause damage to the digestive tract and cuticle. Conclusion: Brusatol isolated from the seed of B. javanica (L) Merr have larvicidal activity to the Cx. quinquefasciatus which is potential to be natural larvicide.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Kumaun Himalayan Biota orientalis Endl. leaves extracts against pathogenic fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 224
Author(s):  
Savita Joshi ◽  
S. C. Sati ◽  
Parikshit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Colletotrichum Falcatum ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Percent Inhibition ◽  
Biota Orientalis

An increasing demand for natural plant products has shifted the attention from synthetic to natural antifungal agents. This study was   carried out to evaluate the antifungal activity of methanol, ethanol, chloroform, hexane and water extracts of Biota orientalis Endl. leaves, a Kumaun Himalayan gymnospermic plant. The antifungal potential of all extracts of B. orientalis were tested against seven different fungal strains (Alternaria alternata, Colletotrichum falcatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Pyricularia oryzae, Sclerotinia rolfsii, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Tilletia indica) using agar-well diffusion method. The ethanol extract was found most active against all the pathogens tested (Percent inhibition, 27-59%) followed by hexane extract (Percent inhibition, 31-58%) and methanol extract (27-57%) while     chloroform and aqueous extracts were found totally inactive against all the tested fungal strains, only chloroform extract showed       inhibitory activity against S. rolfsii (% inhibition, 58%). The inhibitory activity of these extracts was found very effective as compared to Clotrimazol, standard antifungal agent that was used as positive control against tested fungal strains.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN LEAVES AND FLOWERS OF CHROMOLAENA SCABRA (L. F.) R.M. KING AND H. ROB.

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
PAULA ALEJANDRA GIRALDO VILLAMIL ◽  
ANDRÉS CAMILO ANDRADE BURBANO ◽  
LUIS POMBO OSPINA ◽  
JANETH ARIAS PALACIOS ◽  
ÓSCAR EDUARDO RODRÍGUEZ AGUIRRE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of leaf and flower extract in Chromolaena scabra (L. f.) R.M. King and H. Rob., against selected strains of bacteria and fungi. Methods: The agar diffusion method with plate perforation was developed; the microorganisms used were strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium digitatum. Rifampicin was used as a positive control. The evaluation was performed by measuring the diameter of the growth inhibition zones around the holes. The inhibitory effect of the plant extracts was obtained by its efficiency compared to the positive control. A comparison with fluconazole and ketoconazole was performed to determine how much of the extract is required to cause inhibition of fungal growth from the standard. Results: IC50 was determined by relating the ln of mass evaluated with respect to the square of the inhibition halo; ethanolic extracts of leaves and flowers of petroleum ether with IC50 values of 85.8 mg/ml and 50.3 mg/ml showed the highest inhibitory effect against S. aureus; the extract of petroleum ether and ethanol from leaves with IC50 of 64 mg/ml and 60 mg/ml, respectively. They were effective with A. niger. Leaf petroleum ether extract showed the best relative antifungal activity against A. niger with respect to fluconazole equivalent to 459.51 when fluconazole is 1.0. Conclusion: The extracts with high potential to inhibit the growth of microorganisms were determined to be ether flowers of petroleum and ethanol leaf extracts.

scholarly journals Termite-Repellent Activity and Chemical Composition of West Indian Mahogany Wood, (Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq.) with Special Reference to the P2 Fraction

1969 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-195
Author(s):  
Conrado F. Asenjo ◽  
Luis Amorós Marín ◽  
Wanda Torres ◽  
Alice Del Campillo
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Structural Level ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Selective Solvents ◽  
Ether Extraction ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Waxy Substance

1. Serial extraction of West Indian mahogany wood with selective solvents was performed. 2. The petroleum ether extract was the only fraction to exhibit promising termite-repellent activity. 3. Mahogany blocks subjected to petroleum ether extraction became susceptible to termite attack. 4. A waxy substance (P2 fraction) separated from the petroleum ether extract at times showed high termite-repellent activity. The termite-repellent principle in the P2 fraction seems to be a labile one, as the termite-repellent activity varied greatly from batch to batch. 5. The P2 fraction is a mixture of two major components and of at least a third minor one. As far as we have been able to determine this mixture, at the elemental level, contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only, while esters have been the only compounds definitely characterized at the structural level.

scholarly journals ANTI-ULCER POTENTIAL CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF CUCUMIS SATIVUS

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charanjeet Singh ◽  
Bhojraj Gujar ◽  
Yogesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Ulcer Index ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Dried Fruit

Ulcers are lesions on the surface of the skin or a mucous membrane characterized by a superficial loss of tissue. Helicobacter pylori is uniquely adapted to survival in the hostile environment of stomach. C. sativus is hairy and the root system is extensive and superficial. Leaves are alternate and simple. Flowers are yellow regular and unisexual. The matured fruit is about 30 cm long, roughly cylindrical and often slightly curved. The dried fruit of Cucumis sativus were collected from local area of Alwar, Rajasthan. Dried fruit of C. sativus were cut in to small pieces and dried under the shade. Water and alcoholic soluble extractive value of C. sativus was determined. 4.0 g fruits powder of C. sativus was weighed individually and macerated with distilled water (100 ml) in a glass-stopperd conical flask for 24 hours. Total ash, water soluble ash, acid insoluble ash and sulfated ash value of C. sativus was determined. 200 g coarse fruits powdered fruits were defatted with 800 ml petroleum ether (60-800C) using soxhlet apparatus. Phytochemical screening of C. sativus extracts were carried out on the basis of qualitative chemical tests and TLC. Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of C. sativus fruits by Acute toxicity method and ulcer index was calculated, the percentage yield of petroleum ether, chloroform and extract of C. sativus fruits was found to be 6.35 %, 7.26 %  respectively. All these observation imply that the Chloroform extract of fruits of C.sativus could be regarded as a favourable antiulcerogen which could be attributed to its content of flavonoids and mucilage. Keywords: Ulcers, Cucumis sativus, flavonoids, mucilage.

Insecticidal and repellent activity of Clausena dentata (Rutaceae) plant extracts against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 1139-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindaraju Ramkumar ◽  
Sengodan Karthi ◽  
Ranganathan Muthusamy ◽  
Devarajan Natarajan ◽  
Muthugounder Subramanian Shivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Repellent Activity
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