scholarly journals Analysis of Heavy Metals Concentration in Soil and Litchens from Various Localities of Hosur Road, Bangalore, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abida Begum ◽  
M. Ramaiah ◽  
Harikrishna ◽  
Irfanulla Khan ◽  
K. Veena
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Geoaccumulation Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Industrial Areas

Assessment of heavy metal content in litchens and soil samples from various localities of Hosur Road, Bangalore south was undertaken. Topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were taken at various locations, the metals analysed were Cr, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ni and Cu. The geoaccumulation index of these metals in the soils under study residential areas indicated that they are uncontaminated with Ni, Zn, and Fe and moderately contaminated with Cr and Pb. In Industrial areas and traffic junctions the concentration of Fe, Pb and Ni was maximum. Heavy metal accumulation in few prominent lichens of some localities was analysed. Cr and Pb were maximum inChrysothrix candelaris(L.) Laundon, at the gardens of Madiwala and Silk Board junction with 95.29 and 623.95 µg g–1dry weight respectively. Fe and Cu were maximum inBulbothrix isidiza(Nyl.). Hale andPyxine petricolaNyl at Central Prison campus and Kendriya Sadan campus with 22721 and 338.12 µg g–1dry weight respectively,Lecanora perplexaBrodo at Infosis and Wipro Campus, electronic city have 531.5 and 634 µg g–1dry weight of Zn. While Ni and Fe were maximum in Arthopyreniaceae at Shanti Niketan of MICO Limited with 1100 and 23200 µg g–1dry weight respectively.

Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on Heavy Metal Accumulation, Growth and Yield of Vegetables

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Saima Kausar ◽  
Shahla Faizan ◽  
Irfana Haneef
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Use of wastewater for irrigation is on the rise in India and other developing countries. Wastewater contains plant nutrients that favour crop growth but leave a burden of heavy metals which can enter the food chain and is a cause of great concern. This study was conducted to explore the possibility of using wastewater to grow four vegetables fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and carrot (Daucus carotaL.). Two aspects namely (1) effect on plant growth and yield (2) accumulation of cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in leaves and roots of the plant have been presented in this paper. The physico-chemical analysis of the wastewater showed that it was rich in total suspended and dissolved solids with large amount of BOD and COD. The higher amount of Cl-, Ca++, Mg++ and K+ were also present in the effluent. The heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) content in wastewater is comparatively more than groundwater (GW). The values of these heavy metals were slightly higher in the soil irrigated with wastewater. The effluent severely affects crop plants and soil properties when used for irrigation. The growth characteristics (plant length, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf number and leaf area) as well as yield characteristics (seed number, 1000 seed weight and seed yield) of all the plants, irrigated with 100% wastewater, were more than that with groundwater. The pattern of increase for the plants was fenugreek greater than radish greater than spinach greater than carrot. Though the wastewater contains low levels of the heavy metals, the soil and plant samples show higher values due to accumulation, but their level was under permissible limits in plants. The trend of metal accumulation in wastewater-irrigated soil is in the order: Pb greater than Ni greater than Zn greater than Cu greater than Cr greater than Cd. Of the four plants that are grown, the order of total heavy metal accumulation in roots is Carrot greater than Radish, while in leaves the order is Spinach greater than Fenugreek. The enrichment factor (EF) of the heavy metals in contaminated soil is in the sequence of Ni (3.1) greater than Pb (2.6) greater than Cd (2.35) greater than Zn (2.18) greater than Cu (1.66) greater than Cr (1.05), while in plants EF varies depending upon the species and plant part. Radish and carrot show a high transfer factor (TF greater than 1) for Cd signifying a high mobility of Cd from soil to plant whereas the TF values for Pb are very low as it is not bioavailable. Thus, it may be concluded that wastewater may be used profitably for the cultivation of these vegetables and could effectively supplement not only the nutrient requirement of the crop but may also act as the source of water..

scholarly journals Effect of Chelator EDTA on Phyto-Remediation of Cadmium, Chromium and Lead and their Effect on Growth of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Jehan Bakht ◽  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Mohammad Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Shoot Fresh Weight ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L ◽  
Root Dry Weight

 The present study investigates the phyto-accumulation capacity of two cultivars of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) for heavy metals. Analysis of the data recorded ten weeks after sowing indicated that heavy metal application had significantly (p<0.05) affected all the parameters under study. Interaction of EDTA x cultivar and EDTA x cultivar x heavy metal had significantly (p<0.05) affected root fresh weight, root dry weight and heavy metal accumulation. EDTA application had significant (p<0.05) effect on heavy metal accumulation when data was noted ten weeks after sowing. The data also revealed that maximum plant height, number of leaves/plant, shoot fresh weight and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight was noted in control pots (0 mg/kg heavy metal). The suggested that maximum shoot fresh weight shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight was noted in pots kept at control with San Sun-33 when applied with 5 mM EDTA. Similarly, maximum heavy metal accumulation was recorded in treatment sown of HiSun-33 applied with 5 mM EDTA and 50 mM chromium. Maximum root fresh weight was noted in control pots treated with 5 mM EDTA and planted with San Sun-33. Similarly, heavy metal accumulation was more in HiSun-33 treated with 50 mg/kg chromium and 5 mM EDTA. In terms of accumulation of heavy metals, HiSun-33 demonstrated better accumulation of the tested heavy metals then SanSun-33, anyhow the growth of SanSun-33 was better than HiSun-33 due to lesser accumulation of heavy metals.  

scholarly journals A proposed method for the assessment of the interactive heavy metal accumulation in soils

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 835-846 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils

<p>A method is proposed for the assessment of the interactive accumulation of heavy metals in soils. Sixty surface soil samples were collected from fifteen sites, at a depth of 0-30cm, evenly distributed, within the 30,700ha comprising the study area.</p> <p>It was found that at least&nbsp; some of these metals were significantly contributed to soil, i.e. Mn 9.53, Fe 8.06, Zn 0.86, Pb 0.29, Cd 0.033, Co 0.112 and Ni 0.125 kg/ha, respectively.</p> <p>Similarly considerable levels of plant nutrients were accumulated in the studied soil such as P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> 8.6, or 3.75 kg P/ha, K<sub>2</sub>O 52.92 or 43.94 kg K/ha, and Ca 78.98 kg/ha. As expected, the heavy metals accumulated in lower concentrations than those of plant nutrients and in non toxic levels. Nevertheless, the toxicity of these metals must be considered in relation to long term accumulation.</p> <div> <p>It was shown that the proposed method, based on the quantification of the elemental interactions contribution in heavy metals, could be used as a tool for the quantitative assessment of their accumulation and for the prediction of the &laquo;silent&nbsp; pollution&raquo; that gradually occurs in soils with these metals.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in the Suame Industrial Area, Kumasi, Ghana

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 56-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frempong Acheampong ◽  
John Wiafe Akenten ◽  
Rafiatu Imoro ◽  
Havor Richard Agbesie ◽  
Daniel Abaye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Industrial Areas

Background. Heavy metal pollution in industrial and residential areas in cities has become a public health issue in Ghana. Anecdotal evidence suggests that most industrial areas have elevated levels of heavy metals in soil. As a result of poor zoning and unregulated activities, large sections of seemingly industrial areas are also used as residential areas. There have been no studies on the levels of heavy metal contamination in such mixed activity locations. Objectives. The study was undertaken to identify possible heavy metals and their concentrations in soil samples collected from the Suame Industrial Area, Kumasi, Ghana. Methods. Soil samples were collected, processed and the concentration of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF). Results. The concentration of all metals exceeded the threshold limit values (TLV). They also exceeded the European Soil Bureau Network (ESBN) maximum allowable limits (MAL), and are therefore considered to be pollutants. The results, expressed as mean concentration±standard deviation mg/kg (percent above TLV) were Pb: 414.83±159.38 mg/kg (418.9%), Cr: 264.84±189.15 mg/kg (353.1%), Co: 68.15±34.12 mg/kg (227.2%), Cu: 265.82±80.53 mg/kg (354.4%) and Zn: 3,215.84±4,074.54 mg/kg (1,607.9%). Furthermore, the concentrations of Pb and Co exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) residential soil regional screening levels (RSLs). Conclusions. The elevated metal concentrations found in the present study demonstrate that the site is heavily polluted with Pb, Co and Cr. This is attributed to unregulated activities at the site; therefore, measures should be put in place to ameliorate the effects of potential heavy metal toxicity to workers, local residents and the environment. Re-zoning of activities and clear demarcation of residential and industrial areas is advocated.

scholarly journals Changes in the Heavy Metal Levels in Highway Landscaping and Protective Effect of Vegetative Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Hüccet Vural ◽  
Alperen Meral ◽  
Sülem Şenyiğit Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Anthropogenic activities due to increasing population and traffic density are responsible for a great portion of highway pollution. The heavy metal accumulation in highway routes poses a risk both for agricultural areas and residential areas. The study investigated the changes in heavy metal accumulation along a 200 km long portion of the D300 highway passing through Elazığ, Bingöl, and Muş, cities located in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey. The heavy metal accumulation in 46 soil samples collected in 2018 and 2019 from 5 different land classes was analyzed using the ICP-MS device in an accredited laboratory. The analysis results were explained using different statistical methods depending on the standard, annual change, land class, and vegetation. Although the majority of the soil samples were within acceptable levels, the chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) levels of certain samples were above the standard levels. Considering the land classes, compared with other areas, residential areas (RA) contained higher levels of zinc (Zn); agricultural areas (AA) contained higher levels of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb); and unqualified areas (UA) contained higher levels of copper (Cu). Considering vegetation, the tree- and bush-covered soil samples contained lower amounts of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, and Cd but higher levels of Zn and Pb compared with herbaceous or bare soil samples. A similar case also applies to the soil samples that were covered with Quercus sp., a natural plant cover on the route. The results and other similar studies have shown that there should be at least 15 m long ecological corridors (pollution-resistant tree-bush vegetation) between highway routes and both agricultural and residential areas.

scholarly journals Heavy metal levels in cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging in some abattoirs in Lagos State metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elijah Abakpa Adegbe ◽  
Oluwaseyi Oluwabukola Babajide ◽  
Lois Riyo Maina ◽  
Shola Elijah Adeniji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Bubulcus Ibis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Metal Levels ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Heavy metal accumulation in the ecosystem constitutes a potential toxic effect which is hazardous to human health. Increasing environmental pollution has necessitated the use of cattle egrets to evaluate the levels of heavy metal contamination, to establish their use in biomonitoring of heavy metals and to provide data for monitoring pollution in the environment. Results The present study assessed the utilization of Bubulcus ibis in monitoring pollution in five abattoirs, namely Agege, Bariga, Kara, Itire and Idi-Araba, all situated in Lagos State. The concentration of five (5) heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) was determined in the liver, muscle and feather of Bubulcus ibis using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The trend of metal accumulation was in the order: Zn > Cu > Pb > Cd > Ni for all the sampled tissues. The mean tissue concentrations of the metals were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the sites. The highest levels of metal concentration were reported in the liver in all the locations. Mean concentration of Cd in Kara (0.003 ± 0.00058) was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those found at Agege (0.0013 ± 0.00058) and Idi-Araba (0.001 ± 0.001). A significant difference (p < 0.05) was also observed between the mean concentrations of Cu in Bariga (0.01 ± 0.001) and Idi-Araba (0.003 ± 0.001). Conclusion All the studied heavy metals were present in the liver, muscle and feathers of the cattle egrets. The contamination levels were ascertained from the study which indicated that cattle egrets are useful in biomonitoring studies and the generated data will serve as baseline data which could be compared with data from other locations for monitoring heavy metal pollution.

The effect of heavy metal pollution on urban ecosystem and the evaluation of different land classifications; in Bingöl city/Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüccet Vural ◽  
Ayşenur Akbana ◽  
Alperen Meral
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Area

PurposeOne of the problems that urbanization creates on the ecosystem is the increase of heavy metal accumulation of the urban lands. Due to constant urbanization and industrialization in many parts of the world, metals are constantly spreading to the environment and pose a great threat to human health. The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of heavy metal accumulation values of the lands located in Bingöl city center on the urban ecosystem by examining them in terms of zonal and land-use classification.Design/methodology/approachThe research was conducted on 30 samples taken from five zones and six land-use classes (traffic area-TA, school area-SA, commercial-industry area-CA, green space-GS, residential area-RA and open space-OS). Heavy metal deposits of soil samples were determined in accredited laboratories using the Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) and Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) device. The study employed the SPSS program for statistical analysis of laboratory results, and ArcGIS Pro programs were used to determine spatial pollution distribution.FindingsAlthough the heavy metal contents of soil samples pose no problems in terms of national and international standards, a number of zones carry risks for the future. In the analyzes, traffic and settlement area soils in terms of land-use classifications and Zone 5 soils in terms of zonal distribution were determined as ecologically risky areas.Originality/valueThe study provided suggestions on what should be done to use the results of the research in planning the physical development of the city.

scholarly journals Heavy metal accumulation in tomato and cabbage grown in some industrially contaminated soils of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294
Author(s):  
Md Akhter Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Tanzin Chowdhury ◽  
Md Arifur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Living System ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Agricultural Field ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Metal Contents

Heavy metal accumulation in environmental compartments is a potential risk to the living system because of their uptake by plants and subsequent introduction into the food chain. A study was carried out to investigate the heavy metal contents in industrially contaminated soils collected from six different locations of Dhaka and Mymensingh districts and their effects on two important vegetables namely tomato and cabbage. Pot experiment was conducted using contaminated soils at the net house of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh following completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates. The higher level of heavy metal contents was found in the soil samples of Hajaribag and Dhaka Export Processing Zone (DEPZ). The highest Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu and Fe contents were 59.45, 18.79, 67.57, 40.81 and 1619.61 µg g−1 which were much above the recommended level except Cu contents. The highest yield of vegetables was obtained grown in Maskanda soil of Mymensingh district and the lowest from DEPZ soil of Dhaka. The highest Ni, Cr and Fe contents were 8.91, 7.22, 419.65 µg g−1, respectively in tomato fruits grown in the soil of Hajaribag whereas the highest Cu content (3.38 µg g−1) was obtained from Seedstore soil, Mymensingh and highest Cd content (2.88 µg g−1) was from Mitford ghat soil, Dhaka. In cabbage, the highest Ni (17.52 µg g−1) and Fe (411.25 µg g−1) contents were found in the soils of DEPZ whereas the highest Cr (9.17 µg g−1), Cd (3.52 µg g−1) and Cu (8.51 µg g−1) were obtained in the plants grown in the soils of Hajaribag, Mitford ghat and Maskanda, respectively. Concentrations of all the tested heavy metals except Cu in both vegetables were above the maximum allowable limit prescribed by the World Health Organization. Among the metals, the accumulation of Ni was found as higher amount (0.39 and 0.71 for tomato and cabbage, respectively) based on plant concentration factor or transfer factor. The results showed a positive correlation between concentration of the metals present in soils and in vegetables and the highest correlation was found with Cr in tomato and Fe in cabbage. However, both the soils and grown vegetables were consistently observed to pose a risk to human health. So, it can be recommended that government should take necessary action so that heavy metals used in the industries cannot come into the nearby agricultural field to ensure food safety as well as food security. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 17(3): 288–294, 2019

scholarly journals Evaluation of the effects of bio stabilised waste on soil in terms of heavy metal accumulation and leaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Lombardi ◽  
Giulia Costa ◽  
Maria Chiara Di Lonardo ◽  
Alessio Lieto
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Aerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Solid Matrix

This work evaluated and compared potential impacts related to the accumulation and/or release of heavy metals resulting from the application of different types of stabilized waste to soil. Namely, the following three types of flows were considered: waste produced by aerobic bio-stabilization of municipal solid waste at a Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant, and compost produced either from aerobic composting or from a combination of anaerobic and aerobic biodegradation processes. After a preliminary characterization of the materials (organic matter content, volatile solid, and heavy metals content), heavy metal accumulation in soil caused by possible long-term application of these organic materials was evaluated by implementing a discretized mass balance based on the total content of the heavy metals in each type of solid matrix investigated. In addition, results of percolation leaching tests performed on each type of material were presented and discussed. Results highlight that although the total content of heavy metals of the three types of materials differed considerably, with the MBT waste presenting the highest concentrations, the results of the leaching percolation tests were quite similar.

scholarly journals Bioindication of Heavy Metals in a Waterfall Outflow Using a Bryophyte Community

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narin Printarakul ◽  
Weeradej Meeinkuirt
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
National Park ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Enrichment Factors ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Aquatic Bryophytes

Abstract Huay Pah Lahd stream in Doi Suthep-Pui National Park, Thailand, is potentially vulnerable to nearby anthropogenic activities. In this study, we determined heavy metal accumulation in bryophyte tissue and their growth substrates. Enrichment factors (EFs) of heavy metals were employed to monitor concentrations in bryophyte tissue. Of eight bryophyte taxa investigated, Scopelophila cataractae showed the highest capacity to accumulate metals in tissue, particularly Fe, Zn, Cd and Cu in protonemata (8,026.7, 1,187.2, 16.9 and 530.1 mg kg-1, respectively). Furthermore, the endangered and rare bryophyte taxa S. cataractae and Porella acutifolia were found intermingled with other urban and common aquatic bryophytes. These taxa might be considered sensitive warning organisms for heavy metal stress in stream ecosystems induced by environmental pollution. Because EFs of all heavy metals were < 2, this suggests that natural processes are the key source of heavy metals; furthermore, the environment of this National Park was identified as being heathy, and an important ecosystem buffer and biodiversity haven.

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