scholarly journals Physiological Effects of Smoke Exposure on Deciduous and Conifer Tree Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. John Calder ◽  
Greg Lifferth ◽  
Max A. Moritz ◽  
Samuel B. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Conifer Tree ◽  
Evergreen Conifer ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Defense Compound ◽  
Evergreen Conifers

Smoke from forest fires can persist in the environment for weeks and while there is a substantial amount of literature examining the effects of smoke exposure on seed germination, the effects of smoke on leaf function are nearly uninvestigated. The objective of this study was to compare growth and primary and secondary metabolic responses of deciduous angiosperm and evergreen conifer tree species to short smoke exposure. Twenty minutes of smoke exposure resulted in a greater than 50% reduction in photosynthetic capacity in five of the six species we examined. Impairment of photosynthesis in response to smoke was a function of reductions in stomatal conductance and biochemical limitations. In general, deciduous angiosperm species showed a greater sensitivity than evergreen conifers. While there were significant decreases in photosynthesis and stomatal conductance, smoke had no significant effect on growth or secondary defense compound production in any of the tree species examined.

scholarly journals Erratum to “Physiological Effects of Smoke Exposure on Deciduous and Conifer Tree Species”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
W. John Calder ◽  
Greg Lifferth ◽  
Max A. Moritz ◽  
Samuel B. St. Clair
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Conifer Tree

How anatomical and morphological characteristics affect the flexural properties of two angiosperm species at the sapling stage

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5843-5858
Author(s):  
Seray Özden Keleş
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Flexural Properties ◽  
Functional Stability ◽  
Growth Stability ◽  
Fagus Orientalis Lipsky ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Common Oak

The sapling stage is an important phase due to maintaining plant growth, stability, and survival over the life cycle of trees. However, there are limited investigations in the literature related to both growth and stability of different tree species. This study thus investigated how different tree species at the sapling stage showed different anatomical, morphological, and flexural traits despite being of similar age and growing under the same environmental conditions. The variation of sapling properties was determined in two deciduous tree species: common oak (Quercus robur L.) and Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky). The results of anatomical and morphological measurements showed that the highest average values of ray length, ray width, pith radius, pith%, bark%, and node numbers were obtained in oak saplings, whereas average ring width, number of rays, and wood% were found to be higher in beech saplings. Oak also exhibited better functional stability in its saplings. The flexural properties were almost 60% greater in oak stems than beech stems. The variations in flexural properties were explained by the morphological and anatomical traits since stability was positively correlated with pith radius, pith%, and bark% and negatively correlated with the number of rays and wood%.

scholarly journals Stem trait spectra underpin multiple functions of temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm tree species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan Yang ◽  
Frank J. Sterck ◽  
Ute Sass-Klaassen ◽  
J. Hans C. Cornelissen ◽  
Richard S.P. van Logtestijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Plant Strategy ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Central Paradigm ◽  
Diffuse Porous

Abstract A central paradigm in comparative ecology is that species sort out along a global economic strategy spectrum, ranging from slow to fast growth. Many studies evaluated plant strategy spectra for leaf traits, b u t few studies evaluated stem strategy spectra using a comprehensive set of anatomical, chemical and morphological traits, addressing key stem functions of different stem compartments (inner wood, outer wood and bark). This study evaluates how stem traits vary in the wood and bark of temperate tree species, and whether a slow-fast growth strategy spectrum exists and what traits make up this plant strategy spectrum. For 14 temperate gymnosperm and angiosperm species, 20 traits belonging to six key stem functions were measured for three stem compartments. Both across and within gymnosperms and angiosperms, a slow-fast stem strategy spectrum is found. Gymnosperms have slow traits and showed converging stem strategies because of their uniform tracheids. Angiosperms have fast traits and showed diverging stem strategies because of a wider array of tissues (vessels, parenchyma and fibers) and vessel size and arrangements (ring-porous versus diffuse porous). Gymnosperms showed a main trade-off between hydraulic efficiency and safety, and angiosperms showed a main trade-off between ‘slow’ diffuse porous species and ‘fast’ ring porous species. The slow traits of gymnosperms allow for a high hydraulic safety, an evergreen leaf habit and steady but slow growth makes them successful in unproductive habitats whereas the fast traits of angiosperms allow for high conductivity, a deciduous leaf habit and fast growth which makes them successful in productive habitats.

scholarly journals Quantifying seasonal and diurnal variation of stomatal behavior in a hydraulic-based stomatal optimization model

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e001
Author(s):  
William R. L. Anderegg
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Shadow Price ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Seasonal And Diurnal Variation ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Term Response ◽  
Single Set ◽  
Optimization Theories

Plant responses to drought occur across many time-scales, with stomatal closure typically considered to be a critical short-term response. Recent theories of optimal stomatal conductance linked to plant hydraulic transport have shown promise, but it is not known if stomata update their hydraulic “shadow price” of water use (marginal increase in carbon cost with a marginal drop in water potential) over days, seasons, or in response to recent drought. Here, I estimate the hydraulic shadow price in five species – two semi-arid gymnosperms, one temperate and two tropical angiosperms – at daily timescales and in wet and dry periods. I tested whether the shadow prices varies predictably as a function of current and/or lagged drought conditions. Diurnal estimates of the hydraulic shadow price estimated from observed stomatal conductance, while variable, did not vary predictably with environmental variables. Seasonal variation in shadow price was observed in the gymnosperm species, but not the angiosperm species, and did not meaningfully influence prediction accuracy of stomatal conductance. The lack of systematic variation in shadow price and high predictive ability of stomatal conductance when using a single set of parameters further emphasizes the potential of hydraulic-based stomatal optimization theories.

scholarly journals A test of the hydraulic vulnerability segmentation hypothesis in angiosperm and conifer tree species

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Johnson ◽  
Remi Wortemann ◽  
Katherine A. McCulloh ◽  
Lionel Jordan-Meille ◽  
Eric Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Hydraulic Vulnerability ◽  
Conifer Tree

scholarly journals Carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of leaf biomass reveals contrasting photosynthetic responses to elevated CO<sub>2</sub> near geologic vents in Yellowstone National Park

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
D. G. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
National Park ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

Abstract. In this study we explore the use of natural CO2 emissions in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) in Wyoming, USA to study responses of natural vegetation to elevated CO2 levels. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis of leaf biomass from a conifer (Pinus contortus; lodgepole pine) and an invasive, non-native herb (Linaria dalmatica; Dalmation toadflax) was used to trace the inputs of vent CO2 and quantify assimilation-weighted CO2 concentrations experienced by individual plants near vents and in comparable locations with no geologic CO2 exposure. The carbon and oxygen isotopic composition and nitrogen percent of leaf biomass from the same plants was used to investigate photosynthetic responses of these plants to naturally elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The coupled shifts in carbon and oxygen isotope values suggest that dalmation toadflax responded to elevated CO2 exposure by increasing stomatal conductance with no change in photosynthetic capacity and lodgepole pine apparently responded by decreasing stomatal conductance and photosynthetic capacity. Lodgepole pine saplings exposed to elevated levels of CO2 likewise had reduced leaf nitrogen concentrations compared to plants with no enhanced CO2 exposure, further suggesting widespread and dominant conifer down-regulated photosynthetic capacity under elevated CO2 levels near geologic vents.

scholarly journals Effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Shiyao Shan ◽  
Huizhong Luo ◽  
Jinpeng Zhu ◽  
Zhiyu Li ◽  
Huanxiu Li
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Net Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Cherry Tomato ◽  
Fresh Weight

To study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the photosynthesis of two genotypes tomato offspring under selenium stress, red ball cherry tomato cherry 5-5-1 and yellow ball cherry tomato yellow RTY-3-2 post-grafting generation (red scion, red rootstock, yellow scion and yellow rootstock) and seedlings (red CK and yellow CK) planted in 10 mg·kg-1 selenium soil, and the pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of the reciprocal grafting on the growth characteristics and the photosynthesis of tomato offspring under selenium stress. The results showed that grafting increased the fresh weight of the organs of the offspring, the ratio of root to shoot, and the functional activity of the roots of the plants, which was conducive to the growth of tomato offspring. Simultaneously, it could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of grafted offspring leaves at the seedling stage. The grafted offspring of rootstocks had the best effect on improving the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of tomato leaves, and decreased intercellular CO2 concentration. Among them, the best effect of yellow rootstock was to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the production of selenium-enriched tomatoes in the selenium-deficient areas in the future.

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