Antisnake Venom Activity ofHibiscus aethiopicusL. againstEchis ocellatusandNaja n. nigricollis

The objective of the study is to investigate whether theHibiscus aethiopicusL. plant has neutralization activity against venoms of two clinically important snakes. TheH. aethiopicuswas dried and extracted with water. Different assays were performed to evaluate the plant's acute toxicity and its anti-snake venom activities. The results showed thatH. aethiopicusextract alone had no effect on the viability of C2C12muscle cells, but significantly (P<.05) protected muscle cells against the toxic effects ofE. ocellatusvenom at 55, 150, and 300 μg/mL. The maximum protective effect of the extract was exhibited at 75 μg/mL. The extract significantly (P<.001) inhibited the cytotoxic effects ofE. ocellatusvenom at 300 μg/mL. All rabbits (n=10) and guinea pigs (n=10) were alive after the two weeks of given the lethal dosage 16 g/Kg of theH. aethiopicusextract herbal solution. No abnormal behaviour was observed of both groups of animals. All guinea pigs (n=3) treated with venoms alone (5 mg/kg) died. However, all guinea pigs (n=21) treated with venom (5 mg/kg) and the extract (400 to 1000 mg/kg) survived. Guinea pigs (n=3) treated withNaja n. nigricollisvenom alone (2.5 mg/kg) and guinea pigs (n=21) venom with the extract (400 to 1000 mg/kg) died. TheH. aethiopicuscompletely (100%) blocked the haemorrhagic activity ofE. ocellatusin the egg embryo at 3.3 mg/mL of extract. These findings suggest thatH. aethiopicusmay contain an endogenous inhibitor of venom-induced haemorrhage.

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Neutralisation of Local Haemorrhage Induced by the Saw-Scaled ViperEchis carinatus sochurekiVenom Using Ethanolic Extract ofHibiscus aethiopicusL.

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2012/540671 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S. S. Hasson ◽

M. S. Al-Balushi ◽

E. A. Said ◽

O. Habbal ◽

M. A. Idris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Endogenous Inhibitor ◽

Local Plant ◽

Standard Techniques

The objective of the study is to investigate the anti-snake venom activities of a local plant,Hibiscus aethiopicusL. TheH. aethiopicuswas dried and extracted with ethanol. Different assays were performed according to standard techniques, to evaluate the plant’s acute toxicity and its antivenom activities. The results of evaluating the systemic acute toxicity of theH. aethiopicusextract using “oral and intra-peritoneal” route were normal even at the highest dose (24 g/kg) tested. All guinea pigs (n=3) when treated with venomsE. c. sochureki(75 μg) alone induced acute skin haemorrhage. In contrast, all guinea pigs (n=18) treated with both venom and the plant extract at a concentration between 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed no signs of haemorrhage. Moreover, all guinea pigs (n=18) treated with venom and the plant extract below 400 mg/kg showed acute skin haemorrhage. All guinea pigs treated with venomE. c. sochureki(75 μg) alone induced acute skin haemorrhage after both 24 and 32 hours. In contrast, all guinea pigs treated with both venom and the plant extract (administered independently) at concentrations between 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed no signs of haemorrhage after 32 hours. However, after 24 hours all tested guinea pigs showed less inhibition (<60%) compared to that obtained after 32 hours. The outcome of this study reflects that the extract ofH. aethiopicusplant may contain an endogenous inhibitor of venom induced local haemorrhage.

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Generation and In-planta expression of a recombinant single chain antibody with broad neutralization activity on Bothrops pauloensis snake venom

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules ◽

10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

pp. 1241-1251

Author(s):

Jessica B. Souza ◽

Rone Cardoso ◽

Hebréia O. Almeida-Souza ◽

Camila P. Carvalho ◽

Lucas Ian Veloso Correia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Snake Venom ◽

In Planta ◽

Single Chain ◽

Single Chain Antibody ◽

Neutralization Activity

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PARALLEL STUDIES OF COMPLEMENT AND BLOOD COAGULATION IX. THE EFFECT OF METHIONINE, CHOLINE, AND CYSTINE ON THE CHANGES INDUCED BY ETHIONINE

Canadian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.1139/cjms53-036 ◽

1953 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 343-357

Author(s):

Christine E. Rice ◽

Paul Boulanger ◽

P. J. G. Plummer ◽

E. Annau

Keyword(s):

Fatty Liver ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Blood Coagulation ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Acinar Cells ◽

Complement Components ◽

Fatty Livers

Fatty livers were produced in guinea pigs by the repeated feeding or injection of ethionine; the acinar cells of the pancreas were also affected in some of the animals. Marked changes in plasma coagulability always occurred as well as a definite reduction in complement titer in which two or more of the major complement components were involved. Methionine displayed some protective effect against the fatty liver induced by the ethionine and was partially effective in controlling the coagulative changes and the decline in complement titer. In some animals, choline likewise ameliorated these conditions, whereas cystine tended to aggravate them. A combination of cystine and choline was more effective than choline alone.

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