Neutralisation of Local Haemorrhage Induced by the Saw-Scaled ViperEchis carinatus sochurekiVenom Using Ethanolic Extract ofHibiscus aethiopicusL.

The objective of the study is to investigate the anti-snake venom activities of a local plant,Hibiscus aethiopicusL. TheH. aethiopicuswas dried and extracted with ethanol. Different assays were performed according to standard techniques, to evaluate the plant’s acute toxicity and its antivenom activities. The results of evaluating the systemic acute toxicity of theH. aethiopicusextract using “oral and intra-peritoneal” route were normal even at the highest dose (24 g/kg) tested. All guinea pigs (n=3) when treated with venomsE. c. sochureki(75 μg) alone induced acute skin haemorrhage. In contrast, all guinea pigs (n=18) treated with both venom and the plant extract at a concentration between 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed no signs of haemorrhage. Moreover, all guinea pigs (n=18) treated with venom and the plant extract below 400 mg/kg showed acute skin haemorrhage. All guinea pigs treated with venomE. c. sochureki(75 μg) alone induced acute skin haemorrhage after both 24 and 32 hours. In contrast, all guinea pigs treated with both venom and the plant extract (administered independently) at concentrations between 500 and 1000 mg/kg showed no signs of haemorrhage after 32 hours. However, after 24 hours all tested guinea pigs showed less inhibition (<60%) compared to that obtained after 32 hours. The outcome of this study reflects that the extract ofH. aethiopicusplant may contain an endogenous inhibitor of venom induced local haemorrhage.

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Antisnake Venom Activity ofHibiscus aethiopicusL. againstEchis ocellatusandNaja n. nigricollis

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2010/837864 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. S. Hasson ◽

A. A. Al-Jabri ◽

T. A. Sallam ◽

M. S. Al-Balushi ◽

R. A. A. Mothana

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Snake Venom ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Endogenous Inhibitor ◽

Abnormal Behaviour ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Neutralization Activity ◽

Lethal Dosage

The objective of the study is to investigate whether theHibiscus aethiopicusL. plant has neutralization activity against venoms of two clinically important snakes. TheH. aethiopicuswas dried and extracted with water. Different assays were performed to evaluate the plant's acute toxicity and its anti-snake venom activities. The results showed thatH. aethiopicusextract alone had no effect on the viability of C2C12muscle cells, but significantly (P<.05) protected muscle cells against the toxic effects ofE. ocellatusvenom at 55, 150, and 300 μg/mL. The maximum protective effect of the extract was exhibited at 75 μg/mL. The extract significantly (P<.001) inhibited the cytotoxic effects ofE. ocellatusvenom at 300 μg/mL. All rabbits (n=10) and guinea pigs (n=10) were alive after the two weeks of given the lethal dosage 16 g/Kg of theH. aethiopicusextract herbal solution. No abnormal behaviour was observed of both groups of animals. All guinea pigs (n=3) treated with venoms alone (5 mg/kg) died. However, all guinea pigs (n=21) treated with venom (5 mg/kg) and the extract (400 to 1000 mg/kg) survived. Guinea pigs (n=3) treated withNaja n. nigricollisvenom alone (2.5 mg/kg) and guinea pigs (n=21) venom with the extract (400 to 1000 mg/kg) died. TheH. aethiopicuscompletely (100%) blocked the haemorrhagic activity ofE. ocellatusin the egg embryo at 3.3 mg/mL of extract. These findings suggest thatH. aethiopicusmay contain an endogenous inhibitor of venom-induced haemorrhage.

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ACUTE TOXICITY STUDY OF THE LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PICRIA FEL-TERRAE LOUR.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11s1.26567 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Popi Patilaya ◽

Dadang Irfan Husori ◽

Imam Bagus Sumantri ◽

Simon Sihombing

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Alanine Aminotransferase ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Male Mice ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Liver And Kidney

Objective: Picria fel-terrae belongs to family Linderniaceae is also known as Pugun tano by Indonesian people. The ethanolic extract of plant leaves has several potential pharmacological activities including antidiabetic, anthelmintic, and antioxidant. However, the toxicity of the plant extract is rarely explored. This work was to investigate toxicity of the leaf ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae on Artemia salina and male mice.Methods: Acute toxicity of the plant extract was studied by in vitro and in vivo methods. In vitro study was carried out by exposing nauplii to the plant extract at concentrations of 10, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 μg/ml for 48 h. In vivo study was performed on male mice that divided into four groups. Groups I, II, III, and IV were treated with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 0.5%, the ethanolic extract of plant leaves at doses of 1000, 2000, and 5000 mg/kg bw, respectively. The animal toxic symptoms were observed every day for 14 days. On day 15, the blood of mice was collected to measure alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine levels. The effects of plant extract on vital animal organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were also studied. Statistical analysis of data was performed using analysis of variance and followed by Tukey post hoc.Results: The results showed that the leaf ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae to have weakly toxicity on A. salina with the LC50 of 768.07 μg/ml. At in vivo studies, the toxic symptoms of mice were not identified during experiment with all doses of the plant extract for 14 days. In addition, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine levels were no significantly different between control and all treatment groups (p>0.05). However, alanine aminotransferase level changed when mice were exposed by the plant extract at the doses of 2.000 and 5.000 mg/kg bw. Although the mice were not dead during experiment, the animal organs such as heart, liver, and kidney were histologically changed.Conclusion: This study suggests that the ethanolic extract of P. fel-terrae leaves has weakly toxicity on A. salina and causes histological changes on male mice organs at the high doses.

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Bioactivity of microencapsulated soursop seeds extract on Plutella xylostella

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20141701 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 771-775 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ismael Barros Gomes ◽

Roseane Cristina Predes Trindade ◽

Antônio Euzébio Goulart Sant'Ana ◽

Eurico Eduardo Pinto de Lemos ◽

Irinaldo Diniz Basílio Júnior

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Plutella Xylostella ◽

Larval Stage ◽

Diamondback Moth ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Spray Dryer ◽

Annona Muricata ◽

Ultrapure Water ◽

Arabic Gum ◽

Chronic Effects

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of microencapsulated extract from the soursop seeds, Annona muricata L. ( Annonaceae ), on diamondback moth, Plutella xylostela L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae ). Microencapsulation was performed in a Mini Spray Dryer model B-290 using 50mL of ethanolic and hexanic extracts plus 150mL of ethanol and 150mL of ultrapure water, mixed with aerosil (first polymer) or arabic gum (second polymer). It was possible to microencapsulate the ethanolic extract of soursop seeds only by using the polymer arabic gum at 20%. The microencapsulated extract caused significant acute toxicity (LC50=258mg L-1) and chronic effects, especially reduction of larval viability and increased larval stage. We concluded that the microencapsulation of the ethanolic extract of soursop seeds can be a viable alternative for controlling diamondback moth with possible gains for the environment.

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Acute toxicity test for the ethanolic extract of the white oyster mushroom

Medical Technology and Environmental Health ◽

10.1201/9781003016700-9 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

S.B. Rahimah ◽

Y. Kharisma ◽

M.K. Dewi ◽

J. Hartati ◽

W. Maharani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Toxicity Test ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oyster Mushroom ◽

Acute Toxicity Test

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In vitro Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Acute Oral Toxicity of Dissotis rotundifolia Extracts and Fractions on Plasmodium falciparum Strains

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i530161 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-19

Author(s):

Rock Djehoue ◽

Rafiou Adamou ◽

Abdou Madjid O. Amoussa ◽

Adande A. Medjigbodo ◽

Anatole Laleye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Antiplasmodial Activity ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Aqueous Fraction ◽

Vector Borne Diseases ◽

Natural Substances ◽

Study Laboratory

Aim: Dissotis rotundifolia were selected after an ethnopharmacological survey conducted on plants used traditionally for malaria treatment in South Benin, with the aim of discovering new natural active extracts against malaria parasites. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory of Biochemistry and Bioactive Natural Substances, University of Abomey-Calavi (Benin)/ Laboratory of Infectious Vector Borne Diseases, Regional Institute of Public Health (Benin)/ Laboratoire d’Histologie, de Cytogénétique et d’Embryologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé (Benin). The study was conduct from October 2018 to June 2019 in Benin. Methodology: The antiplasmodial activity of the plant extracts was evaluated using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase (pLDH) immunodetection assay. The extract with the best antiplasmodial activity were used on Wistar rats for acute toxicity. Results: Ethanolic extract of Dissotis rotundifolia showed promising activity (Isolate: IC50 = 22.58 ± 1.12 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 6.81 ± 0.85 µg/mL) on Plasmodium falciparum compared to the aqueous extract (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL; 3D7: IC50> 100 µg/mL). The aqueous fraction of D. rotundifolia exhibit highly potent activity against P. falciparum strain (Isolate: IC50 > 100 µg/mL μg/mL; 3D7: IC50 = 4.05 ± 0.72 μg/mL). Haemolytic effect of actives extracts and fractions is less than 5%. Ethanolic extract of D. rotundifolia revealed no obvious acute toxicity in rat up to the highest dose administered (2000 mg/kg). Conclusion: This study justifies traditional uses of D. rotundifolia against malaria. A bioguided fractionation of these extracts would identify molecules responsible for their antiplasmodial activity. Moreover, these results could lead to the design of improved traditional medicines in the basis of this plant.

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Ketoksikan Akut dari Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Jarak Pagar (Jatropa curcas) pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.15.1.52-56 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Hanif Nasiatul Baroroh ◽

Eka Prasasti Nur Rachmani

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Negative Control ◽

Male Mice ◽

Animal Test ◽

Group I ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Single Dosage ◽

Histopathology Examination ◽

Lung And Kidney

The acute toxicity of Jatropa curcas leaves on Balb/C male mice was studied in rats. This research aimed to determine acute toxicity, evaluate spectrum of toxic effect and mechanism that caused the death of animal test after administration of ethanolic extract of J. curcas leaves, single dosage orally on 24 hours observation. The research used male mice, which are divided into 5 groups. Group I was negative control with CMC-Na. Group II, III, IV, and V were given extract with dose of 1400 mg/kgBW, 2240 mg/kgBW, 3584 mg/kgBW and 5734 mg/kgBW, respectively. Evaluation of the toxic symptoms and death of animal test was done for 24 hours. If the animal test was died before 24 hours then it underwent surgery to take the heart, liver, lung, and kidney. In the end of the evaluation, all mice were killed to take the vital organs for histopathologic examination. No mortality was observed during study. The test resulted LD50 of ethanolic extract from J. curcas leaves using Balb/C male mice was 5734 mg/kg of BW. It was categorized as practically not toxic. Administration of the extract did not cause alterations of animal behaviours. Histopathology examination shows inflammation in lung, liver, and kidney after administration of the extract.

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تثبيط التغيرات الخلوية الوراثية المستحثة بعقار MMC في الفأر الأبيض باستخدام مستخلصي نبات القريص نوع Urtica pilulifera

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2007.1.1.13 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 37-51

Author(s):

Ismail Kadhum Shubber ◽

Laith Abdel Hassan ◽

Saadi Hamad Hilal

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Cell Division ◽

Plant Extract ◽

Chromosomal Aberrations ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Marrow Cell ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Control Drug ◽

Cytogenetic Effects

The aim of this study was to investigate the potency of aquatic & alcoholic extracts of the leaves of Urtica pilulifera plant against mutagenecity of Mitomycine C (MMC) drug in mice.The genotoxic effects of three different concentrations 0.01, 0.1 & 0.5 mg/kg from aqueous or ethanolic extract were tested in mice. 0.01 mg/kg bw from either types of extracts were selected as non-genotoxic in comparison to control. Drug-plant extract interaction was tested using mitotic index & Chromosomal aberrations as bioindicators for detection of the potency of the plant extract in reduction of MMC-induction of cytogenetic effects. Two types of treatments were followed, either plant extracts were given before (2, 4, 6) days, or after (2, 4, 6) days, of treatment with MMC. The results revealed that 0.2 mg/kg of MMC significantly inhibited bone marrow cell division and increased the spontaneous levels of chromosomal aberration up to 20 times. Treatment of mice with aqueous or alcoholoic leaf-extract reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the genotoxic effects of MMC. This reduction was more pronounced in animals which were given the extract after treatment with MMC comparing to its treatment before the MMC exposure. These results indicated that Utrtica pilulifera leaves extract behave as bio-anti mutagen first degree and acting indirectly in the 2nd degree.

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Reproductive Characteristics, Serum Metabolites, and Oxidative Status in Female Guinea Pigs (Cavia porcellus) Fed with Ethanolic Extract of Dichrostachys glomerata Fruit

World s Veterinary Journal ◽

10.54203/scil.2021.wvj9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 66-72

Author(s):

Nadège Motchewo Djuissi ◽

Ferdinand Ngoula ◽

Justin Kouamo ◽

Narcisse Bertin Vemo ◽

Mathieu Fambo Stive Nono ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Cavia Porcellus ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Serum Metabolites ◽

Reproductive Characteristics

Dichrostachys glomerata (D. glomerata) is an aromatic plant which is used as a spice in cooking and Cameroonian traditional medicine to treat infertility in men. This work was designed to highlight the effects of the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata on oxidative status, serum metabolites and reproductive characteristics in female guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus). A total of 48 primiparous female guinea pigs, aged 4 months old with the body weight of 400 ± 10 g, were divided into four groups with two replications per group (6 guinea pigs each). During 90 days of trial, Group 1 (control group) orally received 1 ml/kg b.w. of distilled water daily, and groups 2, 3, and 4 received D. glomerata ethanolic extract once a day at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. using the same method of administration, respectively, for 90 days, including 60 days of gestation. After the first 30 days of treatment, mating was done by placing one non-treated male into cages containing six treated females. At the end of the treatment, data were collected on reproductive characteristics, serum metabolites, and oxidative stress markers. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of D. glomerata induced a significant decrease in the number of post-implantation resorption and ovaries weight. Groups 3 and 4 showed a significant increase in the number of fetuses per dam and viable fetuses as well as placenta weight, compared to the control group. The serum level of progesterone significantly decreased in the group treated with 200 mg/kg D. Glomerata, compared to the other treated groups. The extract at 100 mg/kg body weight showed a significant increase in fetuses weight and fetuses crown-rump length, compared to the control group. Catalase activity significantly increased in the control group than D. glomerata treated groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of D. glomerata minimized reproductive stress and subsequently improved the reproductive performance of guinea pigs.

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