Carbon Nanostructures Production by AC Arc Discharge Plasma Process at Atmospheric Pressure

Carbon nanostructures have received much attention for a wide range of applications. In this paper, we produced carbon nanostructures by decomposition of benzene using AC arc discharge plasma process at atmospheric pressure. Discharge was carried out at a voltage of 380 V, with a current of 6 A–20 A. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectra. The results show that the products on the inner wall of the reactor and the sand core are nanoparticles with 20–60 nm diameter, and the products on the electrode ends are nanoparticles, agglomerate carbon particles, and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The maximum yield content of carbon nanotubes occurs when the arc discharge current is 8 A. Finally, the reaction mechanism was discussed.

Download Full-text

High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Study of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Fabricated by Arc Discharge Plasma Process

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3949244 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bagautdin Bagautdinov ◽

Koji Ohara ◽

Arif A. Babaev

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Diffraction Study ◽

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Discharge Plasma ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

High Energy ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Plasma Process ◽

Multiwalled Carbon ◽

X Ray

Download Full-text

Bulk synthesis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharge method

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part N Journal of Nanomaterials Nanoengineering and Nanosystems ◽

10.1177/2397791417712836 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 231 (3) ◽

pp. 141-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

KK Singh ◽

SK Chaudhary ◽

R Venugopal ◽

A Gaurav

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Pure Graphite ◽

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Different Shapes ◽

Ac Arc ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Scanning Electron

This work proposes the production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by AC arc discharging of spectroscopically pure graphite electrodes of different shapes, that is, movable cylindrical and stationary rectangular electrode by manual metal arc welding setup. Continuous arc was generated by maintaining the gap of about 3 mm between the electrodes which in turn formed the plasma zone. Vaporization of carbon cations followed by sudden quenching paved the way for formation of carbon nantotubes. Nanotubes produced were deposited on the stationary graphite electrode in the form of soot. Further extraction of the nanoparticles from the soot was performed by conducting series of purification processes which will be discussed in upcoming chapters. Morphology and purity of the extracted nanotubes were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Following the characterization process, it was observed that the so-produced nanotubes were of different shapes, that is, carbon cone nanotubes, nanocapsules, nanoparticles and branching type and randomly oriented. The length of the nanotubes varied from 231 to 561 nm, whereas diameter was found to be in the range of 14–55 nm.

Download Full-text

THE PREPARATION OF ULTRAFINE TUNGSTEN CARBIDE NANOPARTICLES BY DC ARC DISCHARGE PLASMA PROCESS

Modern Physics Letters B ◽

10.1142/s0217984913410030 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 27 (19) ◽

pp. 1341003 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Q. ZHAO ◽

S. W. JIN ◽

Y. X. WANG

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Tungsten Carbide ◽

Discharge Current ◽

Atmospheric Pressure ◽

Discharge Plasma ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Positive Electrode ◽

Plasma Process ◽

Dc Arc ◽

Carbide Particles

Tungsten carbide nanoparticles were synthesized successfully by DC arc discharge plasma process with 23 A discharge current at atmospheric pressure, in which tungsten positive electrode reacted with carbon black produced from the benzene cracking. The XRD results indicate that the samples consist of carbon black, WC and W 2 C . The TEM micrographs show that the tungsten carbide particles range from 3 to 7 nm in size, and are composed of WC and W 2 C .

Download Full-text

Synthesis and Purification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by AC Arc Discharge

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1143/jjap.43.8365 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (12) ◽

pp. 8365-8368 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Masato Ohkohchi ◽

Xinluo Zhao ◽

Sakae Inoue ◽

Yoshinori Ando

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Single Walled Carbon ◽

Ac Arc ◽

Ac Arc Discharge ◽

Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Download Full-text

Effect of the powering frequency on the synthesis of carbon nanostructures by AC arc discharge at atmospheric pressure

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1142-jj05-16 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1142 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Vittori Antisari ◽

Daniele Mirabile Gattia ◽

Renzo Marazzi ◽

Emanuela Piscopiello ◽

Amelia Montone

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Graphite Electrodes ◽

Carbon Nanohorns ◽

Pure Graphite ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Ac Arc ◽

Single Wall Carbon Nanohorns ◽

Ac Arc Discharge

ABSTRACTIn this paper we report about the synthesis of single wall carbon nanohorns and highly convoluted graphite sheets by AC powered arc discharge carried out between pure graphite electrodes. The arc is ignited in air and the arched electrodes are surrounded by a cylindrical collector which collects the synthesized material and contributes to control the synthesis environment. With the purpose of studying the effect of the process variables, in this work we have explored the effect of the powering frequency on the structure of the synthesized material and on the yield of the process. Preliminary experimental results on tests carried out at constant voltage, show that the process yield is strongly influenced by the powering frequency and that higher yields are obtained at low frequency. The structure of the resulting soot has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Two kinds of microstructures are found by TEM observation constituted by highly convoluted graphene sheets, having locally the nanohorn morphology, and better organized nano-balls where also graphite nano-sheets can be locally found. The relative abundance of the two kinds of particles appears to depend on the powering frequency with a larger amount of the latter observed in samples synthesized at high frequency.

Download Full-text

Carbon Nanostructures Produced by an AC Arc Discharge

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.638-642.1766 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 638-642 ◽

pp. 1766-1771 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Marco Vittori Antisari ◽

Daniele Mirabile Gattia ◽

L. Brandão ◽

Renzo Marazzi ◽

Amelia Montone

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscope ◽

Carbon Nanostructures ◽

Arc Discharge ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Pure Graphite ◽

Wall Structures ◽

Symmetrical Configuration ◽

Power Frequency ◽

Ac Arc ◽

Ac Arc Discharge

Carbon nanostructures are under deep investigation due their peculiar properties and possible applications. In particular, development of new methods for the synthesis of these materials and their mechanism of formation represent interesting research fields. Arc discharge allows to produce different forms of carbon nanostructures. The parameters involved in the process, voltage, current density, type and pressure of the surrounding gas can be controlled especially for achieving high quantity of material with enhanced characteristics in terms of purity while the use of transition metal-graphite mixtures has been used to produce single wall structures. Moreover direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) are suitable for producing carbon nano-materials, but different results can be obtained. In this work the effect of the power frequency in an AC arc discharge technique on the synthesis of carbon nanostructures is reported. Pure graphite electrodes have been arched in air in an homemade apparatus where the material can be collected directly on a cylindrical collector fixed near the arc. In order to avoid the formation of deposits under the arc a symmetrical configuration of the electrodes has been set. The production of carbon soot containing Single Wall Nanohorns (SWNH) and highly convoluted graphene sheets is optimized. The range of power frequencies 32-1000Hz has been investigated and the arcs have been ignited fixing the voltage at 28 V. The materials has been analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and high resolution transmission electron microscope. The microstructure of the material synthesized by this apparatus is affected by the power frequency, as the experimental results demonstrate. The samples produced at low frequency presented high amounts of single wall structures, SWNH-type. More compact structures, similar to large onion-like structures, have been found in samples synthesized at high frequency values.

Download Full-text