scholarly journals The Effect of 50 000 IU Vitamin A with BCG Vaccine at Birth on Growth in the First Year of Life

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ane Bærent Fisker ◽  
Christine Stabell Benn ◽  
Birgitte Rode Diness ◽  
Cesario Martins ◽  
Amabelia Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
First Year ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Dtp Vaccine ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Year Of Life

Vitamin A supplements may interact with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine causing increased female mortality. In a randomised trial of neonatal vitamin A supplementation (VAS), we examined growth during the first year of life in 808 children, pursuing the hypothesis that a negative interaction between VAS and DTP in girls would be reflected in growth. Length and weight were measured at 6 weekly visits and WHO-growth-reference z-scores derived. Neonatal VAS had no effect on anthropometric measures at 12 months, but may interact sex differentially with routine vaccines. While BCG was the most recent vaccine, neonatal VAS benefitted growth (difference in weight-for-length z-score (dWFL: 0.31(95% CI: 0.03–0.59)). While DTP was the most recent vaccine, VAS tended to affect growth adversely in girls (dWFL = −0.21 (−0.48–0.06)). After measles vaccine (MV) there was no overall effect of neonatal VAS. The VAS effect differed significantly between the BCG and DTP windows (P=0.03), and the difference was borderline significant between the DTP and MV windows for girls (P=0.09).

scholarly journals The impact of different doses of vitamin A supplementation on male and female mortality. A randomised trial from Guinea-Bissau

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorthe Yakymenko ◽  
Christine S Benn ◽  
Cesario Martins ◽  
Birgitte R Diness ◽  
Ane B Fisker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Female Mortality ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Guinea Bissau ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Doses

scholarly journals The effects of maternal and infant vitamin A supplementation on vitamin A status: a randomised trial in Kenya

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 422-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Ayah ◽  
D. L. Mwaniki ◽  
P. Magnussen ◽  
A. E. Tedstone ◽  
T. Marshall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Vitamin A Status

Postpartum vitamin A supplementation of mothers and infants is recommended, but the efficacy has been questioned. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Kenyan mother–infant pairs were randomised to maternal vitamin A (400 000 IU) or placebo < 24 h postpartum, and infant vitamin A (100 000 IU) or placebo at 14 weeks. Milk retinol was determined at weeks 4, 14 and 26, and maternal and infant serum retinol at weeks 14 and 26. Infant retinol stores were assessed at week 26, using a modified relative dose response (MRDR) test. Among 564 women, serum retinol at 36 weeks gestation was 0·81 (sd 0·21) μmol/l, and 33·3 % were < 0·7 μmol/l. Maternal serum retinol was not different between groups, but milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group: (0·67 v. 0·60 μmol/l; 0·52 v. 0·44 μmol/l; 0·50 v. 0·44 μmol/l at 4, 14 and 26 weeks, respectively). When expressed per gram fat, milk retinol was higher in the vitamin A group only at 4 weeks. Infant serum retinol was not different between groups. However, although most infants had deficient vitamin A stores (MRDR>0·06 %) at 26 weeks, vitamin A to infants, but not mothers, resulted in a lower proportion of infants with deficient vitamin A stores (69 v. 78 %). High-dose postpartum vitamin A supplementation failed to increase serum retinol and infant stores, despite modest effects on milk retinol. Infant supplementation, however, increased stores. There is a need for a better understanding of factors affecting absorption and metabolism of vitamin A.

LONGITUDINAL EEG-CLINICAL CORRELATIONS IN CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO 4 YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 945-954
Author(s):  
Fernando Torres ◽  
Michael E. Blaw
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
First Year ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Focal Abnormality ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
Single Focus

One hundred-thirty children who had an EEG during their first days of life and who were registered in a clinical longitudinal study were followed with concurrent clinical and EEG examinations every 4 months for the first year of life and at 2, 3, and 4 years of age. Thirty children had EEG characteristics which are frequently considered abnormal in their neonatal record. Twenty-three children had clinical abnormalities during the 4-year period covered by the study. There was no significant correlation between a single EEG and clinical abnormalities at any age. Newborn infants with more than one focal abnormality in their EEG presented clinical abnormalities more frequently than those with a single focus. The difference, however, did not attain statistical significance. Children with an abnormal EEG at birth and an additional abnormal record later, had a higher incidence of clinical abnormalities than those with only an abnormal neonatal EEG. However, this finding is of questionable significance because the children who had clinical abnormalities had a larger number of EEG's than the normal subjects. It is expected that continued follow-up of these children at more advanced stages of their development may give a positive EEG-clinical correlation which was not found in this study.

scholarly journals Influence of volume dependency and timing of airway occlusions on the Hering-Breuer reflex in infants

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2033-2039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia S. Rabbette ◽  
Janet Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
First Year ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Inspiratory Time ◽  
Tidal Breathing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Year Of Life

Both end-inspiratory (EIO) and end-expiratory (EEO) airway occlusions are used to calculate the strength of the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex (HBIR) in infants. However, the influence of the timing of such occlusions is unknown, as is the extent to which changes in volume within and above the tidal range affect this reflex. The purpose of this study was to compare both techniques and to evaluate the volume dependency of the HBIR in healthy, sleeping infants up to 1 yr of age. The strength of the HBIR was expressed as the ratio of expiratory or inspiratory time during EIO or EEO, respectively, to that recorded during spontaneous breathing, i.e., as the “inhibitory ratio” (IR). Paired measurements of the EIO and EEO in 26 naturally sleeping newborn and 15 lightly sedated infants at ∼1 yr showed no statistically significant differences in the IR according to technique: mean (95% CI) of the difference (EIO − EEO) being −0.02 (−0.17, 0.13) during the first week of life and 0.04 (−0.14, 0.22) at 1 yr. During tidal breathing, a volume threshold of ∼4 ml/kg was required to evoke the HBIR. Marked volume and age dependency were observed. In newborn infants, occlusions at ∼10 ml/kg during sighs always resulted in an IR > 4, whereas a similar response was only evoked at 25 ml/kg in older infants. Age-related changes in the volume threshold may reflect maturational changes in the control of breathing and respiratory mechanics throughout the first year of life.

Effect of vitamin A supplementation on morbidity due to Plasmodium falciparum in young children in Papua New Guinea: a randomised trial

The Lancet ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (9174) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuraj H Shankar ◽  
Blaise Genton ◽  
Richard D Semba ◽  
Moses Baisor ◽  
Joseph Paino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Vitamin A Supplementation

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of stunting and overweight in 3-year-old black South African children residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramoteme L Mamabolo ◽  
Marianne Alberts ◽  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal ◽  
Naomi S Levitt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
First Year ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Black South African ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight and their determinants in 3-year-old children in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingRural villages in the Central Region of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.SubjectsOne hundred and sixty-two children who were followed from birth were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were recorded.ResultsHeight-for-age Z-scores were low, with a high prevalence of stunting (48%). The children also exhibited a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (24%). Thirty-one (19%) children were both stuntedandoverweight. Gaining more weight within the first year of life increased the risk of being overweight at 3 years by 2.39 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–4.18) while having a greater length at 1 year was protective against stunting (odds ratio (OR) 0.41; 95% CI 0.17–0.97). Having a mother as a student increased the risk for stunting at 3 years by 18.21 times (95% CI 9.46–34.74) while having a working mother increased the risk for overweight by 17.87 times (95% CI 8.24–38.78). All these factors also appeared as risks or as being protective in children who were both overweight and stunted, as did living in a household having nine or more persons (OR 5.72; 95% CI 2.7–12.10).ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of evaluating anthropometric status in terms of both stunting and overweight. Furthermore, it is important to realise the importance of normal length and weight being attained at 1 year of age, since these in turn predict nutritional status at 3 years of age.

Effect of environmental manipulation in pregnancy and early life on respiratory symptoms and atopy during first year of life: a randomised trial

The Lancet ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 358 (9277) ◽  
pp. 188-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Custovic ◽  
Bridget M Simpson ◽  
Angela Simpson ◽  
Patricia Kissen ◽  
Ashley Woodcock
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
First Year ◽  
Environmental Manipulation ◽  
First Year Of Life ◽  
In Pregnancy
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