scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of stunting and overweight in 3-year-old black South African children residing in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramoteme L Mamabolo ◽  
Marianne Alberts ◽  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Henriette A Delemarre-van de Waal ◽  
Naomi S Levitt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
First Year ◽  
Working Mother ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Black South African ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
First Year Of Life

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of stunting, wasting and overweight and their determinants in 3-year-old children in the Central Region of Limpopo Province, South Africa.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingRural villages in the Central Region of the Limpopo Province, South Africa.SubjectsOne hundred and sixty-two children who were followed from birth were included in the study. Anthropometric measurements and sociodemographic characteristics of the children were recorded.ResultsHeight-for-age Z-scores were low, with a high prevalence of stunting (48%). The children also exhibited a high prevalence of overweight (22%) and obesity (24%). Thirty-one (19%) children were both stuntedandoverweight. Gaining more weight within the first year of life increased the risk of being overweight at 3 years by 2.39 times (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.96–4.18) while having a greater length at 1 year was protective against stunting (odds ratio (OR) 0.41; 95% CI 0.17–0.97). Having a mother as a student increased the risk for stunting at 3 years by 18.21 times (95% CI 9.46–34.74) while having a working mother increased the risk for overweight by 17.87 times (95% CI 8.24–38.78). All these factors also appeared as risks or as being protective in children who were both overweight and stunted, as did living in a household having nine or more persons (OR 5.72; 95% CI 2.7–12.10).ConclusionThe results of this study highlight the importance of evaluating anthropometric status in terms of both stunting and overweight. Furthermore, it is important to realise the importance of normal length and weight being attained at 1 year of age, since these in turn predict nutritional status at 3 years of age.

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors in African children at one and three years residing in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa

Curationis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramoteme L. Mamabolo ◽  
Marianne Alberts
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Age Factors ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
One Year ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12 ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: The present study evaluated the prevalence of anaemia and its determinants in one- and three-year-old children from the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted in rural villages in the Capricorn District of Limpopo Province, South Africa. At birth, a cohort of 219 children was followed until they were one and three years of age. Data collected included the children’s anthropometric measurements, blood for biochemical analysis (full blood count, ferritin, folate and vitamin B12) and socio-demographic status.Results: At one year, anaemia (Hb < 11 g/dL) was present in 52% of the children, decreasing to 22% by the third year. Iron deficiency (ferritin < 12 µg/mL) was common in these children (39% and 33% at one year and three years, respectively) particularly in the presence of anaemia. Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies (< 5 ng/mL and < 145 pg/mL, respectively) were common at one year, with the children accumulating enough vitamin B12 by three years; however, folate deficiency levels remained fairly constant between the two time points.Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of anaemia in the study participants at one year and three years of age. Factors that increased the risk of anaemia at three years were: a mother with only a primary school education, anaemia at one year, male gender, overweight, and combined overweight and stunting. Protective factors against anaemia were having a younger mother who served as the main caregiver.

Feeding practices and growth of infants from birth to 12 months in the central region of the Limpopo Province of South Africa

Nutrition ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramoteme L Mamabolo ◽  
Marianne Alberts ◽  
Gertrude X Mbenyane ◽  
Nelia P Steyn ◽  
Nndivheni G Nthangeni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Limpopo Province

scholarly journals Problem-based approach to mathematics in grades 9 and 11 in the Limpopo Province

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-133
Author(s):  
J. G. Maree ◽  
J. M. Molepo ◽  
J. H. Owen ◽  
R. Ehlers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Study Orientation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Grade 11

Teachers of schools in the central region of the Limpopo Province of South Africa received training in a problem-based approach to the teaching and learning of mathematics and introduced these principles into their classes.  Follow-up visits to schools took place on a monthly basis for one year. 800 learners in Grades 9 and 11 completed the Study Orientation Questionnaire in Mathematics (SOM). Mean age in Grade 11 was 17.5 yr. (SD = 1.4), and in Grade 9, 15.1 yr., (SD = 1.2). The differences between the post- and pre-test marks for the two groups were compared. The means for marks in mathematics were significantly different for the two groups.

scholarly journals Reproductive Health Choices Among Adolescents in Secondary Schools: A Case Study of Selected Schools in Limpopo, South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-329
Author(s):  
Netshikweta ML ◽  
Olaniyi FC ◽  
Tshitangano TG
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health Choices ◽  
First Time

Objectives:This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, opinions and practices of female adolescents in selected secondary schools in Limpopo Province of South Africa about reproductive health issues and assess the level of parental involvement in their choices.Materials and methods:A quantitative, exploratory, survey design was adopted. A total of 512 learners from grades 8 (first year of secondary school) and 12 (final year) were conveniently sampled from 24 randomly selected secondary schools in Limpopo Province. Data was collected with a structured, self-administered questionnaire and analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0.Results:Sixteen (3.9%) of the learners attained menarche at or before the early age of 8 years and 102 (29.3%) experienced sexual debut before age 14 years. More than half of grade 12 (n =84, 52.5%) and 49 (14%) of grade 8 learners were sexually active and 80% (n = 444, 86.7%) of them were unaware of contraceptives when engaging in sexual intercourse for the first time. Only 116 (22.7%) of the respondents admitted to having knowledge about contraceptives before engaging in sex for the first time and more than a third (n = 172, 33.6%) have been pregnant at least once before the study was conducted. Parental involvement in Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) education was found to be low and many obtained the little information they have mainly through friends.Conclusion:Many adolescents are lacking in vital information regarding their SRH and some hold wrong opinions about contraception. Parents are advised to initiate and sustain discussions regarding SRH with their children to help them make informed reproductive health choices.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of and risk factors for wheezing in the first year of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamilton Rosendo Fogaça ◽  
Fernando Augusto de Lima Marson ◽  
Adyléia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro ◽  
Dirceu Solé ◽  
José Dirceu Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
International Study ◽  
First Episode ◽  
First Year ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
First Year Of Life

OBJECTIVE: To determine, in a sample of infants, the prevalence of and risk factors for occasional wheezing (OW) and recurrent wheezing-wheezy baby syndrome (WBS). METHODS: Parents of infants (12-15 months of age) completed the International Study of Wheezing in Infants questionnaire. RESULTS: We included 1,269 infants residing in the city of Blumenau, Brazil. Of those, 715 (56.34%) had a history of wheezing, which was more common among boys. The prevalences of OW and WBS were 27.03% (n = 343) and 29.31% (n = 372), respectively. On average, the first wheezing episode occurred at 5.55 ± 2.87 months of age. Among the 715 infants with a history of wheezing, the first episode occurred within the first six months of life in 479 (66.99%), and 372 (52.03%) had had three or more episodes. Factors associated with wheezing in general were pneumonia; oral corticosteroid use; a cold; attending daycare; having a parent with asthma or allergies; mother working outside the home; male gender; no breastfeeding; and mold. Factors associated with WBS were a cold; physician-diagnosed asthma; ER visits; corticosteroid use; pneumonia; bronchitis; dyspnea; attending daycare; bronchodilator use; having a parent with asthma; no breastfeeding; mother working outside the home; and a dog in the household. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of wheezing in the studied population was high (56.34%). The etiology was multifactorial, and the risk factors were intrinsic and extrinsic (respiratory tract infections, allergies, attending daycare, and early wheezing). The high prevalence and the intrinsic risk factors indicate the need and the opportunity for epidemiological and genetic studies in this population. In addition, mothers should be encouraged to prolong breastfeeding and to keep infants under six months of age out of daycare.

The effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on infant adiposity development during the first year of life

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Loy ◽  
K. N. S. Sirajudeen ◽  
J. M. Hamid Jan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Year ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
First Year Of Life

Although numerous studies have been conducted to examine the causal factors of childhood obesity, the implications of intrauterine oxidative stress on early postnatal adiposity development remain to be elucidated. The Universiti Sains Malaysia Birth Cohort Study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal oxidative stress levels on the development of infant adiposity during the first year of life. This study was conducted on the healthy pregnant women aged 19–40 years, from April 2010 to December 2012 in Kelantan, Malaysia. Maternal blood samples were drawn in the second trimester to analyse for oxidative stress markers. Infant anthropometric measurements were taken at birth, 2, 6 and 12 months of age. A total of 153 pregnant women and full-term infants were included in the analysis. Statistical test was conducted by using multiple linear regression. Through the infant first year of life, as maternal DNA damage level in the second trimester increased, infant weights at birth (β=−0.122, P<0.001), 2 months (β=−0.120, P=0013), 6 months (β=−0.209, P=0.003) and 12 months of age (β=−0.241, P=0.006) decreased after adjusting for confounders. Similar results were noted when infant body mass index-for-age Z-scores and triceps skinfold-for-age Z-scores were used as the adiposity indicators. In conclusion, the present study shows a consistent inverse association between maternal DNA damage and infant adiposity during the first year of life. These infants with reduced growth and adiposity in early postnatal life may have a high tendency to experience catch-up growth during childhood, which could be strongly associated with later obesity.

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