scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Prescriptive Criteria Weight Elicitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Riabacke ◽  
Mats Danielson ◽  
Love Ekenberg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Method Of Assessment ◽  
Descriptive Theories

Comparatively few of the vast amounts of decision analytical methods suggested have been widely spread in actual practice. Some approaches have nevertheless been more successful in this respect than others. Quantitative decision making has moved from the study of decision theory founded on a single criterion towards decision support for more realistic decision-making situations with multiple, often conflicting, criteria. Furthermore, the identified gap between normative and descriptive theories seems to suggest a shift to more prescriptive approaches. However, when decision analysis applications are used to aid prescriptive decision-making processes, additional demands are put on these applications to adapt to the users and the context. In particular, the issue of weight elicitation is crucial. There are several techniques for deriving criteria weights from preference statements. This is a cognitively demanding task, subject to different biases, and the elicited values can be heavily dependent on the method of assessment. There have been a number of methods suggested for assessing criteria weights, but these methods have properties which impact their applicability in practice. This paper provides a survey of state-of-the-art weight elicitation methods in a prescriptive setting.

scholarly journals A Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Framework for Dispersed Group Decision-Making Contexts

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 4614
Author(s):  
João Carneiro ◽  
Diogo Martinho ◽  
Patrícia Alves ◽  
Luís Conceição ◽  
Goreti Marreiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Group Decision Making ◽  
Group Decision ◽  
Group Decision Support ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Decision Making Processes

To support Group Decision-Making processes when participants are dispersed is a complex task. The biggest challenges are related to communication limitations that impede decision-makers to take advantage of the benefits associated with face-to-face Group Decision-Making processes. Several approaches that intend to aid dispersed groups attaining decisions have been applied to Group Decision Support Systems. However, strategies to support decision-makers in reasoning, understanding the reasons behind the different recommendations, and promoting the decision quality are very limited. In this work, we propose a Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis Framework that intends to overcome those limitations through a set of functionalities that can be used to support decision-makers attaining more informed, consistent, and satisfactory decisions. These functionalities are exposed through a microservice, which is part of a Consensus-Based Group Decision Support System and is used by autonomous software agents to support decision-makers according to their specific needs/interests. We concluded that the proposed framework greatly facilitates the definition of important procedures, allowing decision-makers to take advantage of deciding as a group and to understand the reasons behind the different recommendations and proposals.

A Study of Organizational Narrative Simulation for Decision Support

2013 ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
C. L. Yeung ◽  
C. F. Cheung ◽  
W. M. Wang ◽  
E. Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Organizational Narrative ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Narrative Simulation

This paper presents an overview of current decision making approaches. For some approaches abstract information is provided, whereas others require a large amount of labor and time resources to facilitate decision making. However, few address the issues of assisting participants in learning how to make decisions and provide prompt responses to the situations. Harnessing lessons learned from making inappropriate decisions is expensive. To redress this problem, this paper presents a pilot study of the investigation of the psychological behaviors of humans to improve decision making processes with the use of organizational narrative simulation (ONS). By using the ONS method, possible and plausible narrative-based environments can be simulated. Participants can take actions based on their decisions; they can also observe the changes and the consequences. The decisions for handling new challenges generated purposely are validated in a trial that allows prompt responses to the situations. The ONS method is implemented in a selected reference site. The implementation processes, findings, and benefits are presented.

Decision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes

2010 ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Richard Averweg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Upper Management ◽  
Structured Problems ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Computer Based

Decision support systems (DSS) deal with semi-structured problems. Such problems arise when managers in organisations are faced with decisions where some but not all aspects of a task or procedure are known. To solve these problems and use the results for decision-making requires judgement of the manager using the system. Typically such systems include models, data manipulation tools, and the ability to handle uncertainty and risk. These systems involve information and decision technology (Forgionne, 2003). Many organisations are turning to DSS to improve decision-making (Turban, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2004). This is a result of the conventional information systems (IS) not being sufficient to support an organisation’s critical response activities—especially those requiring fast and/or complex decision-making. In general, DSS are a broad category of IS (Power, 2003). A DSS is defined as “an interactive, flexible, and adaptable computer-based information system, specially developed for supporting the solution of a non-structured management problem for improved decision-making. It utilises data, it provides easy user interface, and it allows for the decision maker’s own insights” (Turban, 1995). There is a growing trend to provide managers with IS that can assist them in their most important task—making decisions. All levels of management can benefit from the use of DSS capabilities. The highest level of support is usually for middle and upper management (Sprague & Watson, 1996). The question of how a DSS supports decision-making processes will be described in this article. This article is organised as follows: The background to decisionmaking is introduced. The main focus (of this article) describes the development of the DSS field. Some future trends for the DSS field are then suggested. Thereafter a conclusion is given.

Computerised Decision Support for Women’s Health Informatics

2012 ◽  
pp. 1404-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Parry
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Expert Systems ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Learning From Data ◽  
Computerized Records

Decision analysis techniques attempt to utilize mathematical data about outcomes and preferences to help people make optimal decisions. The increasing uses of computerized records and powerful computers have made these techniques much more accessible and usable. The partnership between women and clinicians can be enhanced by sharing information, knowledge, and the decision making process in this way. Other techniques for assisting with decision making, such as learning from data via neural networks or other machine learning approaches may offer increased value. Rules learned from such approaches may allow the development of expert systems that actually take over some of the decision making role, although such systems are not yet in widespread use.

Managerial Decision Support in the Post-COVID-19 Era

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-241
Author(s):  
Jan Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Massive Datasets ◽  
New Development ◽  
Decision Making Processes

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated trends to digitalization and automation, which allow us to acquire massive datasets useful for managerial decision making. The expected increase of available data (including big data) will represent a potential for an increasing deployment of management decision support systems for more general and more complex tasks. Sophisticated decision support systems have been proposed already in the pre-pandemic times either to assist managers in specific decision-making processes or to perform the decision making fully automatically. Decision support systems are presented in this chapter as perspective artificial intelligence tools contributing to a deep transform of everyday management practices. Attention is paid here to their new development in the quickly transforming post-COVID-19 era and to their role under the post-pandemic conditions. As an original contribution, this chapter presents a vision of information-based management, which far exceed the rather limited pre-pandemic visions of evidence-based management focused primarily on critical thinking.

A Study of Organizational Narrative Simulation for Decision Support

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
C. L. Yeung ◽  
C. F. Cheung ◽  
W. M. Wang ◽  
E. Tsui
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Reference Site ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Organizational Narrative ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Narrative Simulation

This paper presents an overview of current decision making approaches. For some approaches abstract information is provided, whereas others require a large amount of labor and time resources to facilitate decision making. However, few address the issues of assisting participants in learning how to make decisions and provide prompt responses to the situations. Harnessing lessons learned from making inappropriate decisions is expensive. To redress this problem, this paper presents a pilot study of the investigation of the psychological behaviors of humans to improve decision making processes with the use of organizational narrative simulation (ONS). By using the ONS method, possible and plausible narrative-based environments can be simulated. Participants can take actions based on their decisions; they can also observe the changes and the consequences. The decisions for handling new challenges generated purposely are validated in a trial that allows prompt responses to the situations. The ONS method is implemented in a selected reference site. The implementation processes, findings, and benefits are presented.

scholarly journals OrclassWeb: A Tool Based on the Classification Methodology ORCLASS from Verbal Decision Analysis Framework

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Cristina Sampaio Machado ◽  
Plácido Rogerio Pinheiro ◽  
Isabelle Tamanini
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Verbal Decision Analysis ◽  
Human World ◽  
Support Methods ◽  
Day By Day

The decision making is present in every activity of the human world, either in simple day-by-day problems or in complex situations inside of an organization. Sometimes emotions and reasons become hard to separate; therefore decision support methods were created to help decision makers to make complex decisions, and Decision Support Systems (DSS) were created to aid the application of such methods. The paper presents the development of a new tool, which reproduces the procedure to apply the Verbal Decision Analysis (VDA) methodology ORCLASS. The tool, called OrclassWeb, is software that supports the process of the mentioned DSS method and the paper provides proof of concepts, that which presents its reliability with ORCLASS.

How Groupware Systems Can Change How an Organisation Makes Decisions

2011 ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
Frédéric Adam ◽  
Jean-Charles Pomerol ◽  
Patrick Brézillon
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Study Protocol ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
The Impact

In this article, a newspaper company which has implemented a computerised editorial system is studied in an attempt to understand the impact that groupware systems can have on the decision making processes of an organisation. First, the case study protocol is presented, and the findings of the case are described in detail. Conclusions are then presented which pertain both to this case and to the implementation of decision support systems that have a groupware dimension.

Decision Support Systems and Decision-Making Processes

2010 ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udo Richard Averweg
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Management Problem ◽  
Upper Management ◽  
Structured Problems ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Complex Decision Making ◽  
Computer Based

Decision support systems (DSS) deal with semi-structured problems. Such problems arise when managers in organisations are faced with decisions where some but not all aspects of a task or procedure are known. To solve these problems and use the results for decision-making requires judgement of the manager using the system. Typically such systems include models, data manipulation tools, and the ability to handle uncertainty and risk. These systems involve information and decision technology (Forgionne, 2003). Many organisations are turning to DSS to improve decision-making (Turban, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2004). This is a result of the conventional information systems (IS) not being sufficient to support an organisation’s critical response activities—especially those requiring fast and/or complex decision-making. In general, DSS are a broad category of IS (Power, 2003). A DSS is defined as “an interactive, flexible, and adaptable computer-based information system, specially developed for supporting the solution of a non-structured management problem for improved decision-making. It utilises data, it provides easy user interface, and it allows for the decision maker’s own insights” (Turban, 1995). There is a growing trend to provide managers with IS that can assist them in their most important task—making decisions. All levels of management can benefit from the use of DSS capabilities. The highest level of support is usually for middle and upper management (Sprague & Watson, 1996). The question of how a DSS supports decision-making processes will be described in this article. This article is organised as follows: The background to decisionmaking is introduced. The main focus (of this article) describes the development of the DSS field. Some future trends for the DSS field are then suggested. Thereafter a conclusion is given.

Computational Methods and Tools for Decision Support in Biomedicine

2009 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Ioannis Dimou ◽  
Michalis Zervakis ◽  
David Lowe ◽  
Manolis Tsiknakis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Computational Methods ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Biomedical Informatics ◽  
Feature Space ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Medical Problems

The automation of diagnostic tools and the increasing availability of extensive medical datasets in the last decade have triggered the development of new analytical methodologies in the context of biomedical informatics. The aim is always to explore a problem’s feature space, extract useful information and support clinicians in their time, volume, and accuracy demanding decision making tasks. From simple summarizing statistics to state-of-the-art pattern analysis algorithms, the underlying principles that drive most medical problems show trends that can be identified and taken into account to improve the usefulness of computerized medicine to the field-clinicians and ultimately to the patient. This chapter presents a thorough review of this field and highlights the achievements and shortcomings of each family of methods. The authors’ effort has been focused on methodological issues as to generalize useful conclusions based on the large number of notable, yet case-specific developments presented in the field.

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