scholarly journals Auricular Acupuncture May Suppress Epileptic Seizures via Activating the Parasympathetic Nervous System: A Hypothesis Based on Innovative Methods

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei He ◽  
Pei-Jing Rong ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Hui Ben ◽  
Bing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Auricular Acupuncture ◽  
System A ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
The Brain

Auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body's dysfunction. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated that auricular acupuncture has a significant effect on inducing parasympathetic tone. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder consisting of recurrent seizures resulting from excessive, uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain. Autonomic imbalance demonstrating an increased sympathetic activity and a reduced parasympathetic activation is involved in the development and progress of epileptic seizures. Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system such as vagus nerve stimulation has been used for the treatment of intractable epilepsy. Here, we propose that auricular acupuncture may suppress epileptic seizures via activating the parasympathetic nervous system.

Central and peripheral sympathetic activities in rats during recovery from simulated weightlessness

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1991-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fagette ◽  
L. Somody ◽  
F. Bouzeghrane ◽  
J. M. Cottet-Emard ◽  
C. Gharib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Cardiovascular Regulation ◽  
Simulated Weightlessness ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
The Brain

Rats were tail suspended, keeping their forelimbs weight bearing for 14 days, and then allowed to recover for a short (6-h) or a long (24-h) period to assess the behavior of the sympathetic nervous system after weightless simulation. Sympathetic activity was determined by measuring norepinephrine (NE) turnover in the brain stem cell groups involved in central blood pressure control and in organs playing a key role in the cardiovascular regulation (heart and kidneys). The NE turnover was greatly reduced in the rostral (-56%; P < 0.001) and caudal (-73%; P < 0.001) A2 nucleus of suspended rats but was unchanged in the A1, A5, and A6 cell groups compared with attached rats. The NE turnover in the cardiac atria (-34%; P < 0.001) and ventricles (-35%; P < 0.001) and kidneys (-31%; P < 0.001) was decreased after suspension. The central and peripheral sympathetic activities returned to normal within 24 h of release from suspension, but there was hyperactivity after 6 h of recovery. This raises the problem of interpreting the results obtained in animals killed a few hours after return from spaceflight.

Parasympathetic nervous system: A silent killer in the early morning hours?

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-310
Author(s):  
Stany W. Lobo ◽  
Ritesh G. Menezes ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan ◽  
Shrinidhi ◽  
K.S. Muhammed Sameer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
System A

scholarly journals Hemosiderosis of Central Nervous System: a case report of a rare and underdiagnosed disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e270101119579
Author(s):  
Cássio Marques Perlin ◽  
Lanusa Alquino Colombo ◽  
Anderson Dillmann Groto ◽  
Bruno Gleizer da Silva Rigon
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Superficial Siderosis ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
System A ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

Superficial Siderosis (SS) of Central Nervous System is a rare disease characterized by the deposit of hemosiderin in the brain and spinal cord. Clinically, it is characterized by progressive sensorineural ataxia and deafness associated with injury of superior motor neuron. The diagnosis is made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the encephalon and spinal cord. The objective of the study is to report the case of a patient with characteristic elements of the syndrome, accompanied in a private medical clinic.

Neurosarcoidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
G. R. Ramazanov ◽  
E. V. Shevchenko ◽  
L. I. Idilova ◽  
V. N. Stepanov ◽  
E. V. Nugaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Granulomatous Inflammation ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Biopsy Material ◽  
Histological Confirmation ◽  
System Disorder ◽  
The Brain

The article represents the discussion of sarcoidosis involving the cranial nerves and meninges. It’s a rare disease difficult to diagnose. This form of the disease is a progressive lesion of the nervous system, characterized by granulomatous inflammation of the membranes and /or tissue of cerebrum or spinal cord, cranial and /or peripheral nerves. Clinical signs of the nervous system disorder found in sarcoidosis, are detected only in 5–15% of patients. They are often represented by symptoms of cranial nerve damage, meningeal syndrome and epileptic seizures. X-ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain do not reveal specific changes, however, they allow to exclude other structural lesions of the central nervous system and to identify neuroimaging signs, most common in the course of this disease. Diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis is possible in the presence of neurological symptoms, signs of multisystem lesions, and histological confirmation of non-caseous granulomatous inflammation in one or more organs. The article also represents a clinical observation of a patient with neurosarcoidosis, manifested by acute bilateral neuropathy of the facial nerves, unilateral neuropathy of the trigeminal nerve and meningism syndrome. The neuroimaging signs, often found in this disease, were revealed: the accumulation of contrast agent by the membranes of the brain and the tissue of cavum Meckeli. The course of the disease and diagnostic search, which made it possible to detect signs of multisystem lesion, are described. The diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination of the biopsy material of the intrathoracic lymph node. The results of neurosarcoidosis anti-inflammatory therapy are presented. The peculiarities influencing the choice of this type of treatment terms, are indicated.

Role of autonomic nervous system controlling surface tension in fetal rabbit lungs

1977 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1039-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Corbet ◽  
P. Flax ◽  
A. J. Rudolph
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Uterine Wall ◽  
System A ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Pressure Volume Curve ◽  
Stimulation Of

After the maternal abdomen was opened under methoxyflurane anesthesia, fetal rabbits of 27.5 days gestation were given injections through the intact uterine wall of saline, pilocarpine, isoxsuprine, muscarine, phenylephrine, atropine, phenoxybenzamine, or propranolo, alone or in appropriate combinations. Fetal rabbits were delivered by hysterotomy and killed without breathing 2.5 h later. Static pressure-volume curves with air showed improved retention on deflation in fetal rabbits that had injections of pilocarpine, or isoxsuprine, but not of muscarine or phenylephrine. The effect of pilocarpine on the pressure-volume curve was blocked by atropine, phenoxybenzamine, and propranolol, and the effect of isoxsuprine was blocked by propranolol but not phenoxybenzamine. The data suggest that pilocarpine produces secretion of surfactant into lung air spaces by exciting the sympathetic nervous system, a known function of pilocarpine, rather than the parasympathetic nervous system. This may result in stimulation of the same beta-adrenergic receptors affected by isoxsuprine which is also thought to stimulate surfactant secretion.

scholarly journals Modification of Choline Derivatives and the Study of their Pharmacological Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Zinah A. Al-shareeda ◽  
R. A. Abramovich ◽  
O. G. Potanina ◽  
Hassan M. Alhejoj
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rapid Hydrolysis ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Body Secretion

Organicmoleculeshavebiologicalactivityforavarietyofstructuralfeatures,someactivitiesareassociatedwiththestructural basis of a known molecule, and others are associated with the type and orientation of additive modifications. However, acetylcholine (ACh) is the main neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, the part of the autonomic nervous system that contracts smooth muscles, dilates blood vessels, increases body secretion, and slows the heartrate. Inthecentralnervoussystem,AChhasseveralrulesanditplaysanimportantroleinmemoryandlearning,aswellas,inthe abnormal deficiency of ACh in the brain in people with Alzheimer’s disease. In the past, it has been attempted to use ACh chlorideascholinergicstimulants,but,unfortunately,ithasbeenfoundthatitdoesnothavealastingeffectbecauseofitstoo short action duration due to its rapid hydrolysis by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes and the lack ofspecificity.

scholarly journals Is Vagus Nerve Stimulation Brain Washing?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin P. Cheng ◽  
Sarah K. Brodnick ◽  
Stephan L. Blanz ◽  
Weifeng Zeng ◽  
Jack Kegel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Adrenergic Signaling ◽  
The Brain

AbstractVagal nerve stimulation (VNS) is an FDA approved treatment method for intractable epilepsy, treatment resistant depression, cluster headaches and migraine with over 100,000 patients having received vagal nerve implants to date. Moreover, evidence in the literature has led to a growing list of possible clinical indications, with several small clinical trials applying VNS to treat conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases to arthritis, anxiety disorders, and obesity. Despite the growing list of therapeutic applications, the fundamental mechanisms by which VNS achieves its beneficial effects are poorly understood and an area of active research. In parallel, the glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems have recently been proposed and experimentally validated to explain how the brain maintains a healthy homeostasis without a traditionally defined lymphatic system. In particular, the glymphatic system relates to the interchange of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) whose net effect is to wash through the brain parenchyma removing metabolic waste products and misfolded proteins from the interstitium. Of note, clearance is sensitive to adrenergic signaling, and a primary driver of CSF influx into the parenchyma appears to be cerebral arterial pulsations and respiration. As VNS has well-documented effects on cardiovascular and respiratory physiology as well as brain adrenergic signaling, we hypothesized that VNS delivered at clinically derived parameters would increase CSF influx in the brain. To test this hypothesis, we injected a low molecular weight (3 kD) lysine-fixable fluorescent tracer (TxRed) into the CSF system of mice with a cervical vagus nerve cuff implant and measured the amount of CSF penetrance following VNS. We found that the clinical VNS group showed a significant increase in CSF dye penetrance as compared to the naïve control and sham groups. This study demonstrates that VNS therapeutic strategies already being applied in the clinic today may induce intended effects and/or unwanted side effects by altering CSF/ISF exchange in the brain. This may have broad ranging implications in the treatment of various CNS pathologies.One Sentence SummaryCervical vagus nerve stimulation using clinically derived parameters enhances movement of cerebrospinal fluid into the brain parenchyma presenting a previously unreported effect of vagus nerve stimulation with potential clinical utility.

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