scholarly journals Foraging ofScaptotrigonaaff.depilis(Hymenoptera, Apidae) in an Urbanized Area: Seasonality in Resource Availability and Visited Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Biral de Faria ◽  
Kátia Paula Aleixo ◽  
Carlos Alberto Garófalo ◽  
Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca ◽  
Cláudia Inês da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Mass Flowering ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
Selection Of

The floral sources used by bees can be identified by analyzing pollen grains obtained from their bodies, feces, brood cells, or storage pots in the nests. In addition to data on resource availability, this information enables the investigation on the selection of food resource by bees. We assessed the foraging patterns ofScaptotrigonaaff.depilisin an urbanized area with seasonal availability of food resources. The species visited a percentage of 36.60% of the available flora, suggesting that these bees are selective at spatiotemporal scale. When many types of resources were available, the workers concentrated their collection activities on a limited group of sources. In contrast, more plant species were exploited during periods of lower number of flowering plants. A monthly analysis of the foraging patterns of the studied colonies revealed thatSyzygium cumini(88.86%),Mimosasp.1 (80.23%),Schinus terebinthifolius(63.36%), andEucalyptus citriodora(61.75%) were the most frequently used species and are therefore important for maintainingS.aff.depilisat the study area. These plants are close to the colonies and exhibit mass flowering. This study is one of few works to quantify natural resource availability and to analyze the effects of flowering seasonality on the selection of food sources by bees.

scholarly journals Pre-Columbian soil fertilization and current management maintain food resource availability in old-growth Amazonian forests

2020 ◽  
Vol 450 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Levis ◽  
Marielos Peña-Claros ◽  
Charles R. Clement ◽  
Flavia R. C. Costa ◽  
Rubana Palhares Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Amazonian Forests

SPONTANEOUS SELF-FERTILIZATION IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN SWEET CLOVER (MELILOTUS)

1931 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 660-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Kirk ◽  
T. M. Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Flower Structure ◽  
Melilotus Officinalis ◽  
Stigmatic Surface ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Selection Of

The chief determining factor in spontaneous self-fertilization in white sweet clover (Melilotus alba) appears to be the distribution of pollen within the unopened flowers. This in turn depends on (1) length of stamens, (2) length of style, (3) amount of pollen, and (4) size of cavity within the upper part of the keel. When the flower structure and quantity of pollen is such as to insure the deposition of pollen grains on the stigma before the blossom is likely to be disturbed by insects, the plant will be normally self-fertilized. In the yellow flowered species of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) spontaneous self-fertilization is effectively prevented, except in certain varieties, by a characteristic of the stigma which makes it unreceptive. Scarification of the stigmatic surface appears to be necessary before fertilization can take place. Variation occurs also, as in M. alba, in the length of stamens and style, size of keel cavity, and the amount of pollen.There is a high correlation in M. alba between the percentage of flowers which are naturally self-pollinated and the percentage of flowers which produce pods when the plants are caged to exclude insects. Selection of plants which are normally self-fertilized can be made by examining the early flowers, thus obviating the necessity of bagging or caging plants which do not possess this character.A strain of M. alba which is normally self-fertilized was found to produce almost twice as much seed as another strain which is normally cross-pollinated under comparable conditions in the field.

Habitat use and microhabitat selection of two lizard species with different niche requirements in a resource availability gradient

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Sergio Alejandro Terán-Juárez ◽  
Eduardo Pineda ◽  
Jorge Víctor Horta-Vega ◽  
José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez ◽  
Alfonso Correa-Sandoval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Microhabitat Selection ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Food-resource partitioning among fish species from a first-order stream in northwestern Paraná, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jislaine Cristina da Silva ◽  
Rosilene Luciana Delariva ◽  
Karine Orlandi Bonato
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Dietary Overlap ◽  
Order Stream ◽  
First Order ◽  
Allochthonous Resources

This study addressed the feeding ecology of fish fauna from a first-order stream located in a rural area. The purposes were to evaluate the influence of interspecific, seasonal and spatial factors on the diet, examine the dietary overlap, and determine the predominant food sources. Sampling was conducted in December 2007, September 2008, and March 2009, in three 50-m stretches of Itiz stream (upstream, intermediate, and downstream), through electrofishing. A total of 1,102 stomach contents were analyzed from 14 species, by the volumetric method. In general, allochthonous resources were predominant in the diets. Astyanax aff. fasciatus, Astyanax aff. paranae, Astyanax bockmanni, and Bryconamericus aff. iheringi consumed a higher proportion of plant remains, and Bryconamericus stramineus consumed predominantly Hymenoptera. The diets of Cetopsorhamdia iheringi, Characidium aff. zebra, Imparfinis schubarti, and Trichomycterus sp. consisted of aquatic insects, especially immature forms of Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Diptera. Hypostomus ancistroides, Hisonotus sp., Poecilia reticulata, and Rineloricaria aff. pentamaculata exploited mainly detritus, while Rhamdia quelen used a variety of items, predominantly terrestrial insects. Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) showed a clear distinction among the species, with different morphology and feeding tactics. The Multi-Response Permutation Procedure (MRPP) supported this differentiation, and also indicated significant spatial and temporal variations in the dietary composition; the Indicator Value Method (IndVal) indicated the main items that contributed to these differences. The diet overlap among species was low (< 0.4) to around 78% of pairs, and the mean value did not vary significantly among the sites or between hydrological periods within each site. According to the null model of Pianka’s index, the values for dietary overlap were significantly higher than expected at random, showing evidence of resource sharing. This was related to the availability of allochthonous resources, highlighting the importance of riparian vegetation as a source of these resources for maintaining the fish fauna of the stream.

Food resource availability for American black ducks wintering in southern New Jersey

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane M. Cramer ◽  
Paul M. Castelli ◽  
Tina Yerkes ◽  
Christopher K. Williams
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
American Black

Patterns of grassland productivity, composition and seed abundance, and the diet of the flock bronzewing pigeon Phaps histrionica at one site in northern Australia over a period of marked seasonal change

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 343 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Dostine ◽  
J. C. Z. Woinarski ◽  
B. Mackey ◽  
H. Nix
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Food Plant ◽  
Seed Density ◽  
Grassland Community

Context Multiple scales of research are needed to understand the ecology and conservation requirements of species whose ecology is characterised by marked spatial and temporal dynamism. The flock bronzewing pigeon may provide a model for the conservation management of species with similar dispersive ecologies. Aims This study aimed to document the species composition and its variability in seeds consumed by flock bronzewing pigeons across a period of contrasting seasonal conditions, and to relate this diet to variation in food resource availability. Methods The diet of the flock bronzewing pigeon was described by analysis of the crop contents of samples collected over the period from June 2006 to September 2007 at one pastoral property on the Barkly Tablelands, Northern Territory. Variation in food resource availability was assessed using data from remote sensing, grassland community structure, and direct measurement of soil seed density. Multivariate statistical methods were used to test variation in plant community structure between years and among land units; generalised linear modelling was used to examine inter-annual variation in the abundance of key food plant species and seasonal variation in seed abundance. Key results Across the period of this study, the diet of flock bronzewing pigeons on the Barkly Tableland was largely restricted to seeds of a small number of plant species within Mitchell grasslands. Dietary patterns varied between years; evidence from remote sensing, grassland community structure, and seed density was consistent with these dietary patterns. Conclusions Flock bronzewing pigeons appear to be adapted to exploiting rare, episodic events, leading to high seed production by the ephemeral or annual component of perennial tussock grasslands. Key food plant species include the forbs Wedelia asperrima, Trichodesma zeylanicum and Phyllanthus lacerosus and the large-seeded annual grass Chionachne hubbardiana. These species may not be those that provide critical resources during unfavourable periods. Implications Conservation management of flock bronzewing pigeons will entail strategies to maintain key food species in grazed landscapes, and to ensure replenishment of seed reserves of annual and ephemeral plant species. Management practices to achieve these goals may include rotational wet season spelling of paddocks. More information is required on the focal areas for persistence within these black-soil grassland landscapes.

scholarly journals Daily variation of zooplankton abundance and evenness in the Rosana reservoir, Brazil: biotic and abiotic inferences

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica M. Takahashi ◽  
Fábio A. Lansac-Tôha ◽  
Juliana D. Dias ◽  
Claudia C. Bonecker
Keyword(s):  
Resource Availability ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Food Resource ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Temporal Fluctuation ◽  
Abiotic Variables ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

The zooplankton community presents stochastic temporal fluctuation and heterogeneous spatial variation determined by the relationships among the organisms and environmental conditions. We predicted that the temporal and spatial zooplankton distribution is heterogeneous and discrete, respectively, and that the daily variation of most abundant species is related to environmental conditions, specifically the availability of resources. Zooplankton samples were collected daily at three sampling stations in a lateral arm of the Rosana Reservoir (SP/PR). The zooplankton did not present significant differences in abundance and evenness among sampling stations, but the temporal variation of these attributes was significant. Abiotic variables and algal resource availability have significantly explained the daily variation of the most abundant species (p<0.001), however, the species distribution makes inferences on biotic relationships between them. Thus, not only the food resource availability is influential on the abundance of principal zooplankton species, but rather a set of factors (abiotic variables and biotic relationships).

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