scholarly journals Modern Trends in Imaging V: Optical Coherence Tomography for Rapid Tissue Screening and Directed Histological Sectioning

2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woonggyu Jung ◽  
Stephen A. Boppart
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Image Guidance ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Sampling Errors ◽  
Cross Sectional

In pathology, histological examination of the “gold standard” to diagnose various diseases. It has contributed significantly toward identifying the abnormalities in tissues and cells, but has inherent drawbacks when used for fast and accurate diagnosis. These limitations include the lack ofin vivoobservation in real time and sampling errors due to limited number and area coverage of tissue sections. Its diagnostic yield also varies depending on the ability of the physician and the effectiveness of any image guidance technique that may be used for tissue screening during excisional biopsy. In order to overcome these current limitations of histology-based diagnostics, there are significant needs for either complementary or alternative imaging techniques which perform non-destructive, high resolution, and rapid tissue screening. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality which allows real-time cross-sectional imaging with high resolutions that approach those of histology. OCT could be a very promising technique which has the potential to be used as an adjunct to histological tissue observation when it is not practical to take specimens for histological processing, when large areas of tissue need investigating, or when rapid microscopic imaging is needed. This review will describe the use of OCT as an image guidance tool for fast tissue screening and directed histological tissue sectioning in pathology.

scholarly journals Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Needle-Based, In Vivo Feasibility Study Protocol (IDEAL Phase 2A) (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abel Swaan ◽  
Christophe K Mannaerts ◽  
Matthijs J V Scheltema ◽  
Jakko A Nieuwenhuijzen ◽  
C Dilara Savci-Heijink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

BACKGROUND Focal therapy for prostate cancer has been proposed as an alternative treatment to whole-gland therapies in selected men to diminish side effects in localized prostate cancer. As nowadays imaging cannot offer complete prostate cancer disease characterization, multicore systematic biopsies are recommended (transrectal or transperineal). Optical imaging techniques such as confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography allow in vivo, high-resolution imaging. Moreover, they can provide real-time visualization and analysis of tissue and have the potential to offer additive diagnostic information. OBJECTIVE This study has 2 separate primary objectives. The first is to assess the technical feasibility and safety of in vivo focal imaging with confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. The second is to identify and define characteristics of prostate cancer and normal prostate tissue in confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging by comparing these images with the corresponding histopathology. METHODS In this prospective, in vivo feasibility study, needle-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography imaging will be performed before transperineal template mapping biopsy or radical prostatectomy. First, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography will be performed in 4 patients (2 for each imaging modality) undergoing transperineal template mapping biopsy to assess the feasibility and safety of confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography. If proven to be safe and feasible, confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography will be performed in 10 patients (5 for each imaging modality) undergoing radical prostatectomy. Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography images will be analyzed by independent, blinded observers. Confocal laser endomicroscopy– and optical coherence tomography–based qualitative and quantitative characteristics and histopathology will be compared. The study complies with the IDEAL (Idea, Development, Exploration, Assessment, Long-term study) stage 2a recommendations. RESULTS At present, the study is enrolling patients and results and outcomes are expected in 2019. CONCLUSIONS Confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography are promising optical imaging techniques that can visualize and analyze tissue structure, possible tumor grade, and architecture in real time. They can potentially provide real-time, high-resolution microscopic imaging and tissue characteristics of prostate cancer in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging or transrectal ultrasound fusion-guided biopsy procedures. This study will provide insight into the feasibility and tissue-specific characteristics of confocal laser endomicroscopy and optical coherence tomography for real-time optical analysis of prostate cancer. CLINICALTRIAL ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03253458; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03253458 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6z9owM66B) REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER RR1-10.2196/9813

scholarly journals Role of Optical Coherence Tomography on Corneal Surface Laser Ablation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna V. Ventura ◽  
Haroldo V. Moraes ◽  
Newton Kara-Junior ◽  
Marcony R. Santhiago
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Laser Ablation ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Corneal Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surface Laser ◽  
The Time Domain

This paper focuses on reviewing the roles of optical coherence tomography (OCT) on corneal surface laser ablation procedures. OCT is an optical imaging modality that uses low-coherence interferometry to provide noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of tissue microstructurein vivo.There are two types of OCTs, each with transverse and axial spatial resolutions of a few micrometers: the time-domain and the fourier-domain OCTs. Both have been increasingly used by refractive surgeons and have specific advantages. Which of the current imaging instruments is a better choice depends on the specific application. In laserin situkeratomileusis (LASIK) and in excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK), OCT can be used to assess corneal characteristics and guide treatment decisions. OCT accurately measures central corneal thickness, evaluates the regularity of LASIK flaps, and quantifies flap and residual stromal bed thickness. When evaluating the ablation depth accuracy by subtracting preoperative from postoperative measurements, OCT pachymetry correlates well with laser ablation settings. In addition, OCT can be used to provide precise information on the morphology and depth of corneal pathologic abnormalities, such as corneal degenerations, dystrophies, and opacities, correlating with histopathologic findings.

scholarly journals The Value of Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography in Different Types of Corneal Infections: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2841
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Abdelghany ◽  
Francesco D’Oria ◽  
Jorge Alio Del Barrio ◽  
Jorge L. Alio
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Corneal Edema ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Cross Sectional

Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is a modality that uses low-coherence interferometry to visualize and assess anterior segment ocular features, offering several advantages of being a sterile and noncontact modality that generates high-resolution cross-sectional images of the tissues. The qualitative and quantitative information provided by AS-OCT may be extremely useful for the clinician in the assessment of a wide spectrum of corneal infections, guiding in the management and follow-up of these patients. In clinical practice, infections are routinely evaluated with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, an examination and imaging modality that is limited by the physical characteristics of light. As a consequence, the depth of pathology and the eventually associated corneal edema cannot be accurately measured with the slit-lamp. Therefore, it represents a limit for the clinician, as in vivo information about corneal diseases and the response to treatment is limited. Resolution of corneal infection is characterized by an early reduction in corneal edema, followed by a later reduction in infiltration: both parameters can be routinely measured with standardized serial images by AS-OCT.

scholarly journals Measurement of Oral Epithelial Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stasio ◽  
Lauritano ◽  
Iquebal ◽  
Romano ◽  
Gentile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tissue Microstructure ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Healthy Mucosa

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a real-time, in-situ, non-invasive imaging device that is able to perform a cross-sectional evaluation of tissue microstructure based on the specific intensity of back-scattered and reflected light. The aim of the present study was to define normal values of epithelial thickness within the oral cavity. OCT measurements of epithelial thickness were performed in 28 healthy patients at six different locations within the oral cavity. Image analysis was performed using Image J 1.52 software. The healthy epithelium has a mean thickness of 335.59 ± 150.73 µm. According to its location within the oral cavity, the epithelium showed highest values in the region of the buccal mucosa (659.79 µm) and the thinnest one was observed in the mouth’s floor (100.07 µm). OCT has been shown to be useful for the evaluation of oral mucosa in vivo and in real time. Our study provides reference values for the epithelial thickness of multiple sites within the oral cavity. Knowledge of the thickness values of healthy mucosa is, therefore, of fundamental importance.

Imaging the Mucosa of the Human Vocal Fold with Optical Coherence Tomography

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Burns ◽  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
R. Rox Anderson ◽  
James B. Kobler ◽  
Mark C. Pierce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Superficial Layer ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Superficial Lamina

Objectives: Discerning the layered microstructure of the vocal folds is critical for effective phonomicrosurgery. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noncontact, noninvasive technology that provides cross-sectional images by means of backscattered light, offers the potential for delineating these layers in vivo. Methods: The glottal mucosa of 3 human cadaver larynges was imaged with conventional OCT and polarization-sensitive OCT (PS-OCT). Images were obtained through the epithelium and lamina propria. Results: Although the superficial layer of the lamina propria appeared quite homogeneous, the outer surface of the superficial lamina propria was correlated with an increase in backscatter with OCT. The superficial lamina propria and vocal ligament were correlated with a marked increase in tissue birefringence with PS-OCT. Conclusions: This preliminary study demonstrates the capacity of OCT and PS-OCT for visualizing the layered microstructure of the vocal fold mucosa. We believe that these imaging techniques will have applications in the exploration of solutions to vocal fold scarring and in imaging vocal fold disorders in the clinic and operating room.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Monitoring of Flow-Diverting Stent Tissue Coverage After Implant in a Bifurcation Model Using Neurovascular High-Frequency Optical Coherence Tomography

Neurosurgery ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jildaz Caroff ◽  
Robert M King ◽  
Giovanni J Ughi ◽  
Miklos Marosfoi ◽  
Erin T Langan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Flow Diverter ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract BACKGROUND Tissue growth over covered branches is a leading cause of delayed thrombotic complications after flow-diverter stenting (FDS). Due to insufficient resolution, no imaging modality is clinically available to monitor this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE To evaluate high-frequency optical coherence tomography (HF-OCT), a novel intravascular imaging modality designed for the cerebrovascular anatomy with a resolution approaching 10 microns, to monitor tissue growth over FDS in an arterial bifurcation model. METHODS FDS were deployed in a rabbit model (n = 6), covering the aortic bifurcation. The animals were divided in different groups, receiving dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) (n = 4), aspirin only (n = 1), and no treatment (n = 1). HF-OCT data were obtained in vivo at 3 different time points in each animal. For each cross-sectional image, metal and tissue coverage of the jailed ostium was quantified. Scanning electron microscopy images of harvested arteries were subsequently obtained. RESULTS Good quality HF-OCT data sets were successfully acquired at implant and follow-up. A median value of 41 (range 21-55) cross-sectional images were analyzed per ostium for each time point. Between 0 and 30 d after implant, HF-OCT analysis showed a significantly higher ostium coverage when DAPT was not given. After 30 d, similar growth rates were found in the DAPT and in the aspirin group. At 60 d, a coverage of 90% was reached in all groups. CONCLUSION HF-OCT enables an accurate visualization of tissue growth over time on FDS struts. The use of FDS in bifurcation locations may induce a drastic reduction of the jailed-branch ostium area.

scholarly journals Optimization of X-ray Investigations in Dentistry Using Optical Coherence Tomography

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4554
Author(s):  
Ralph-Alexandru Erdelyi ◽  
Virgil-Florin Duma ◽  
Cosmin Sinescu ◽  
George Mihai Dobre ◽  
Adrian Bradu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
X Rays ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray

The most common imaging technique for dental diagnoses and treatment monitoring is X-ray imaging, which evolved from the first intraoral radiographs to high-quality three-dimensional (3D) Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). Other imaging techniques have shown potential, such as Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). We have recently reported on the boundaries of these two types of techniques, regarding. the dental fields where each one is more appropriate or where they should be both used. The aim of the present study is to explore the unique capabilities of the OCT technique to optimize X-ray units imaging (i.e., in terms of image resolution, radiation dose, or contrast). Two types of commercially available and widely used X-ray units are considered. To adjust their parameters, a protocol is developed to employ OCT images of dental conditions that are documented on high (i.e., less than 10 μm) resolution OCT images (both B-scans/cross sections and 3D reconstructions) but are hardly identified on the 200 to 75 μm resolution panoramic or CBCT radiographs. The optimized calibration of the X-ray unit includes choosing appropriate values for the anode voltage and current intensity of the X-ray tube, as well as the patient’s positioning, in order to reach the highest possible X-rays resolution at a radiation dose that is safe for the patient. The optimization protocol is developed in vitro on OCT images of extracted teeth and is further applied in vivo for each type of dental investigation. Optimized radiographic results are compared with un-optimized previously performed radiographs. Also, we show that OCT can permit a rigorous comparison between two (types of) X-ray units. In conclusion, high-quality dental images are possible using low radiation doses if an optimized protocol, developed using OCT, is applied for each type of dental investigation. Also, there are situations when the X-ray technology has drawbacks for dental diagnosis or treatment assessment. In such situations, OCT proves capable to provide qualitative images.

scholarly journals Multi-center clinical study using optical coherence tomography for evaluation of cervical lesions in-vivo

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Ren ◽  
Xianxu Zeng ◽  
Zhongna Shi ◽  
Chunyan Wang ◽  
Huifen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Precancerous Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Histological Sections ◽  
Histological Images

AbstractIn this prospective study of an in-vivo cervical examination using optical coherence tomography (OCT), we evaluated the diagnostic value of non-invasive and real-time OCT in cervical precancerous lesions and cancer diagnosis, and determined the characteristics of OCT images. 733 patients from 5 Chinese hospitals were inspected with OCT and colposcopy-directed biopsy. The OCT images were compared with the histological sections to find out the characteristics of various categories of lesions. The OCT images were also interpreted by 3 investigators to make a 2-class classification, and the results were compared against the pathological results. Various structures of the cervical tissue were clearly observed in OCT images, which matched well with the corresponding histological sections. The OCT diagnosis results delivered a sensitivity of 87.0% (95% confidence interval, CI 82.2–90.7%), a specificity of 84.1% (95% CI 80.3–87.2%), and an overall accuracy of 85.1%. Both good consistency of OCT images and histological images and satisfactory diagnosis results were provided by OCT. Due to its features of non-invasion, real-time, and accuracy, OCT is valuable for the in-vivo evaluation of cervical lesions and has the potential to be one of the routine cervical diagnosis methods.

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