Morbidity and Mortality Patterns of Hospitalised Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in the Era of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: A 4-year Retrospective Review from Zaria, Northern Nigeria

Background. This study, undertaken in major tertiary hospital in northern Nigeria, examined the morbidity and mortality patterns of hospitalised adult HIV/AIDS patients in the HAART era.Methods. Between January 2006 and December 2009, admission records and causes of deaths of hospitalised medical HIV-infected patients were retrieved and analysed according to antiretroviral (ART) status.Results. Of the 207 HIV/AIDS patients reviewed, majority were newly diagnosed (73.4%), and most were hospitalised and died from various AIDS-defining illnesses, mainly disseminated tuberculosis and sepsis. Immune-inflammatory-reconstitution-syndrome, ART-toxicity and ART-failure, contributed to morbidity and mortality in patients receiving ART. Sixty six (31.9%) patients died, with higher mortality in males and in those with lower CD4-cell count, lower PCV, and shorter hospital stay. However, hospital stay ≤3 days and severe anaemia (PCV < 24%) were independent predictors of mortality.Conclusion. In the current HAART era, late presentation and tuberculosis continue to fuel the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa, with emerging challenges due to ART-related complications.

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Determinants of Survival Among HIV/AIDS Patients With The Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy In Henan Province of China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-177303/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yantao Jin ◽

Miao Zhang ◽

Yan-min Ma ◽

Hui-jun Guo ◽

Peng-yu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Second Line ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background: To estimate the survival and effectors of mortality among HIV/AIDS patients switch to second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) in rural China.Methods: A three years’ retrospective cohort study was conducted and HIV/AIDS patients switched to the second-line ART between January 2009 to December 2014 enrollment. The data collected from medical records and analysis using Kaplan-Meier statistics and COX regression models.Findings: A total of 2883 HIV/AIDS participants followed up for 8445 person-years, 183 (6.5%) died, 14(0.5%) lost follow-up and the mortality rate 2.17/100 person-years. After adjusting other confounding factors by multivariable COX regression, age older than 50 years (HR,3.37; 95%CI, 1.92-5.92), Traditional Chinese medicine therapy (HR,0.48; 95%CI, 0.33-0.71), CD4 cell count littler than 200 cells/μl (HR,2.97; 95%CI, 1.90-4.64), AST or ALT higher than 50 u/L (HR,1.55; 95%CI, 1.15-2.11) were each independently associated with mortality among HIV/AIDS patients switch to second-line ART.Conclusions: Our retrospective cohort study indicates that mortality among HIV/AIDS patients switch to second-line ART lower than most other studies. However, the limitations of a retrospective cohort could have biased the study, so prospective studies should be carried out to confirm our primary results. The result of our study suggest that Chinese therapy was potential treatment for HIV/AIDS patients.

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Increased detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative South African HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy at a Tertiary Hospital

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/jmv.21418 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 406-412 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Azwidowi Lukhwareni ◽

Rosemary J. Burnett ◽

S. Gloria Selabe ◽

M. Olga Mzileni ◽

M. Jeffrey Mphahlele

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

South African ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Hbv Dna ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Highly Active ◽

Hiv Aids

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Hepatitis B Infection in People Living with HIV/AIDS; A Retrospective Study of the Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2019/v29i830108 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Richard Anthony ◽

Ruth C. Brenyah ◽

Kwame O. Darkwah ◽

Blessing C. Egbule ◽

Jerry P. K. Ninnoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Regional Hospital ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Cd4 Cell Count ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

Introduction: Comorbidities among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) increases with disease severity. This may be attributed to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) toxicity and HIV/AIDS-related infections. Aim: We investigated the presence of comorbidities among PLWHA and reported their clinical and biochemical characteristics. Methods: This study was conducted at the Effia Nkwanta Regional Hospital (ENRH) in the South-Western part of Ghana. A retrospective data of 500 participants (134 males and 366 females) was collected from HIV/AIDS patients on HAART (January 2012 to January 2016). Sociodemographic characteristics and laboratory data of patients were retrieved from patients’ clinical files and laboratory database respectively. Data was analyzed with SPSS for both descriptive and inferential analysis. Results: A total of 96 (19.2%) comorbidities were recorded (N=500). The most prevalent comorbidity was hepatitis B virus infection (34.4%). Among the 96 HIV/AIDS patients who had comorbidities, 27 (28.1%) were males and 69 (71.9%) were females. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the HIV/AIDS patients with comorbidities was similar to that of those without comorbidities (113.84 ± 16.73 vs 115.32 ± 15.68). Majority of the participants with comorbidities 59 (61.5%) and those without comorbidities 227 (56.2%) were found to be on the same therapy combination (TDF+3TC+EFV). The decreased CD4 cell count, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum potassium and creatinine were similar in the participants (those with comorbidities and those without comorbidities). None of the demographic, clinical and biochemical parameters were associated with the presence of comorbidities. Conclusion: The total prevalence of commodities was 19.2% and the most prevalent commodity was HBV (34.4%). The comorbidities were common among females, the married and old people living with HIV/AIDS. Early and regular screening will be a key prevention and control strategy for the HIV/AIDS-associated commodities.

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Influence of Spirituality and Religion on Adherence to Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in Calabar, Nigeria

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine ◽

10.18639/rabm.2017.03.456895 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 03 ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Agam Ebaji Ayuk ◽

Ndifreke Udonwa ◽

Abraham Gyuse ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illness ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Religious Coping ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Highly Active ◽

Spirituality And Religion ◽

Positive Religious Coping ◽

Hiv Aids

The emergence of a chronic medical illness such as Human Immune Deficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) may be the time when people turn to the Sacred through spirituality and religion. HIV is a chronic illness that requires strict adherence to medication regimens that may be influenced by spirituality/religion. This study was aimed at finding the association between spirituality/religion and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in adult HIV/AIDS patients. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of 370 patients. Adherence was measured using an adapted adult AIDS clinical trial group (AACTG) and visual analogue scale (VAS) tools. Spirituality was assessed using Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spirituality Expanded (FACIT-Sp-Ex) scale, religiosity with Duke University Religion index (DUREL), and religious coping with Brief Religious Coping (RCOPE) scale. Adherence rates were 86.2 and 43.8% using AACTG and VAS tools, respectively. Statistical significant correlation was found between spirituality and adherence to HAART (r = 0.265; p = 0.00). Also, significant correlation was found between positive religious coping and adherence (r = 0.15, p = 0.003). Odds ratio indicated that female respondents were 1.6 times more likely to be adherent, compared with males. Similarly, every unit rise in spirituality score yielded a 1.3 times increased likelihood of adherence to HAART on multiple logistic regression of adherence to HAART with relevant predictors. Both spirituality and positive religious coping have positive influence on optimal adherence. Therefore, the training of health care personnel to assess and provide spiritual care and involvement of chaplains/religious leaders is advocated for improved adherence.

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Fighting the Public Health Burden of AIDS With the Human Pegivirus

American Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/aje/kwz139 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 188 (9) ◽

pp. 1586-1594 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Scott Greenhalgh ◽

Rebecca Schmidt ◽

Troy Day

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Health Benefit ◽

Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Public Health Burden ◽

The Public ◽

Health Burden ◽

Life Years ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Highly active antiretroviral therapy has revolutionized the battle against human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). From its current global rollout, HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality has been greatly reduced, yet there exists substantial interest in the development of new therapies to further mitigate the HIV/AIDS health burden and to inhibit any fallout from the development of antiretroviral drug resistance. One potential intervention is the human pegivirus (HPgV). HPgV is not known to cause disease, and most remarkably it is shown to delay the progression of HIV to AIDS. However, the health benefit of increasing HPgV prevalence in the community of HIV-infected men remains unknown at the public health level. We evaluated the utility of HPgV biovaccination for mitigating the HIV/AIDS health burden using mathematical models. Importantly, our work considers the potential concern that HPgV will, itself, evolve to become disease-causing by permitting mutant disease-causing HPgV strains to potentially arise during treatment. Our findings show that HPgV biovaccination rates of 12.5%–50% annually could prevent 4.2–23.6 AIDS incidences and 3.3–18.8 AIDS deaths, and could save 2.9–18.6 disability-adjusted life years per 1,000 people. Together, these findings indicate that HPgV biovaccination could be an effective therapy for reducing HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, and thus warrants further exploration.

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Enteric parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients before and after the highly active antiretroviral therapy

The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1590/s1413-86702008000200004 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues Bachur ◽

Josias Martins Vale ◽

Ivo Castelo Branco Coêlho ◽

Telma Régia Bezerra Sales de Queiroz ◽

Cristina de Souza Chaves

Keyword(s):

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Highly Active ◽

Before And After ◽

Hiv Aids

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Risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV/AIDS patients with highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southwest China

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-019-0596-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shun-Xian Zhang ◽

Fen-Yan Kang ◽

Jia-Xu Chen ◽

Li-Guang Tian ◽

Lan-Lan Geng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

T Cell ◽

Cell Count ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Southwest China ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Aids Patients ◽

Virus Load ◽

Hiv Virus ◽

Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Blastocystis is a widespread zoonotic protozoan of mammalian species, especially in HIV/AIDS individuals. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and risk factors related with Blastocystis infection among HIV/AIDS patients in Southwest China. Methods The cross-sectional study was performed in 311 HIV/AIDS cases in Tengchong City, Yunnan Province from July 2016 to March 2017. For each subject, stool specimen was collected to detect the Blastocystis, and the blood sample was used to detect HIV virus load and CD4+ T cell count, in addition, structured questionnaire was used to collect the basic information and risk factors. Findings The result showed that the detection rate of Blastocystis was 3.86% (95% CI: 2.22–6.62) among HIV/AIDS patients. Both raising animal (OR = 12.93, 95% CI: 1.54–108.36) and drinking un-boiled water (OR = 8.17, 95% CI: 1.76–37.90) were risk factors for Blastocystis infection in HIV/AIDS individuals. In addition, the interaction of CD4+ T cell count and HIV virus load was also contribution to Blastocystis infection (P = 0.007). Conclusions A high prevalence of Blastocystis infection was found in HIV/AIDS patients in Tengchong. Poor hygienic habits, the interaction of HIV virus load and CD4+ T cell count were identified as main risk factors for infection. These results will help us to develop efficient control strategies to intervene with and prevent the occurrence of Blastocystis among HIV-infected individuals.

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