scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease, Obesity, and Hypertension: The Role of Leptin and Adiponectin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tesauro ◽  
A. Mascali ◽  
O. Franzese ◽  
S. Cipriani ◽  
C. Cardillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Renal Progression ◽  
Obesity Hypertension ◽  
Progression Factor

Chronic kidney disease is a major public health problem and characterized by a progressive loss in renal function over a period of months or years as defined by structural or functional abnormalities of the kidney. Several elements contribute to determine a progression of the kidney injury, inducing a worsening of renal damage and accelerating the decline of renal function: obesity and hypertension are two known factors of kidney progression. Remarkable improvements have been recently achieved in the study of the endocrine features of the adipose tissue and have been able to produce hormone-like peptides named adipokines or adipocytokines. Among these adipocytokines, which represent a link between obesity, hypertension, and chronic nephropathy, leptins and adiponectin appear to play an important role. Leptin not only is a prohypertension element (renal progression factor) through the activation sympathetic nervous, but also is able to induce prosclerotic effects directly on the kidney. In contrast, a decline of adiponectin levels has been shown to be related to a picture of hypertension: an endothelial dysfunction has been described as the main pathogenic mechanism responsible for this phenomenon.

Acupuncture Application in Chronic Kidney Disease and its Potential Mechanisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (06) ◽  
pp. 1169-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Fang-Fang He ◽  
Ren-Yu You ◽  
Jing Xiong ◽  
Yu-Mei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Uremic Pruritus

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing major public health problem worldwide. The number of CKD patients on hemodialysis is growing rapidly as well. Acupuncture technique is one of the traditional Chinese medicine methods and has been used in a variety of diseases. Nowadays, the clinical application of acupuncture technique for CKD patients has become the focus for its effectiveness and security. In this paper, we will review the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of different acupuncture techniques for CKD patients. In patients with CKD, acupuncture improves renal function, reduces proteinuria, controls hypertension, corrects anemia, relieves pain, and controls many hemodialysis-related complications such as uremic pruritus, insomnia and fatigue. The mechanisms are related to the regulation of sympathetic nerve and the activation of bioactive chemicals. In conclusion, acupuncture is proved to be beneficial for CKD patients. More research, however, is needed to verify the potential mechanisms.

Association between Serum Asymetrical Dimethylarginine Level and Cardiac Functions in Chronic kidney Disease Patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Abdelwahab Saeed ◽  
Ashraf Hassan Abd-elmobdy ◽  
Mostafa Ashour Mahmoud Farag Ammar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Tissue Doppler Imaging ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tissue Doppler ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with a considerable increase in morbidity and mortality, cardiovascular disease is most common cause of death among chronic kidney disease patients. Objectives The aim of study was to determine the association between serum ADMA level and cardiac functions assessed by tissue Doppler imaging in chronic kidney disease patients. Patients and Methods our study conducted on 90 patients from outpatient clinic or inpatient department of national institute of nephrology and urology. Results All patients were subjected to full history, full clinical examination, laboratory investigations including: serum urea, serum albumin, complete blood picture, serum electrolytes (calcium and phosphorus), PTH, serum ADMA, lipid profile and echocardiography and Tissue Doppler imaging. Conclusion Serum ADMA is negatively correlated with diastolic function among CKD patients, tissue Doppler imaging is more accurate than echocardiography to estimate diastolic function.

Flt3 inhibition alleviates chronic kidney disease by suppressing CD103+ dendritic cell-mediated T cell activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1853-1863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruifeng Wang ◽  
Titi Chen ◽  
Chengshi Wang ◽  
Zhiqiang Zhang ◽  
Xin Maggie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Flt3 Inhibitor

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public health problem, which lacks effective treatment. Previously, we have shown that CD103+ dendritic cells (DCs) are pathogenic in adriamycin nephropathy (AN), a model of human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) is a receptor that is expressed with high specificity on tissue resident CD103+ DCs. Methods To test the effect on CD103+ DCs and kidney injury of inhibition of Flt3, we used a selective Flt3 inhibitor (AC220) to treat mice with AN. Results Human CD141+ DCs, homologous to murine CD103+ DCs, were significantly increased in patients with FSGS. The number of kidney CD103+ DCs, but not CD103− DCs or plasmacytoid DCs, was significantly decreased in AN mice after AC220 administration. Treatment with AC220 significantly improved kidney function and reduced kidney injury and fibrosis in AN mice. AC220-treated AN mice had decreased levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, CCL2 and CCL5 and reduced kidney infiltration of CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells. The protective effect of AC220 was associated with its suppression of CD103+ DCs-mediated CD8 T cell proliferation and activation in AN mice. Conclusion Flt3 inhibitor AC220 effectively reduced kidney injury in AN mice, suggesting that this inhibitor might be a useful pharmaceutical agent to treat CKD.

scholarly journals Role of Parathyroid Hormone Assay and Bedside Ultrasound in the Emergency Department in Differentiating Acute Kidney Injury from Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Deepali Junnarkar Roy ◽  
Shrikant Digambarrao Pande ◽  
Zhong Hong Liew ◽  
Debajyoti Roy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Bedside Ultrasound ◽  
Ipth Level

Introduction. It is not uncommon for patients without preceding history of kidney disease to present to the Emergency department with renal failure. The absence of prior medical records or renal imaging presents a diagnostic challenge. Elevated parathyroid hormone levels or echogenic contracted kidneys on ultrasound are known to point to a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The literature in this regard is surprisingly limited. The objective of this study is to assess the role of intact parathyroid (iPTH) blood level and bedside ultrasound in differentiating acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. Methods. A systematic review which included a literature search of 3 databases, PubMed, Embase, and Cinahl (R) as also secondary sources, was done. The inclusion criteria evaluated studies which evaluated iPTH or bedside ultrasound in differentiating acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. We excluded studies which used other laboratory biomarkers like neutrophil gelatin associated lipocalin (NGAL) or carbamylated haemoglobin. A total of 2256 articles were identified. After screening, the relevant articles were reviewed, and an assessment of their methodological quality was made based on the CASP: Critical Appraisals Skill Programme. Results. Of the 2256 articles identified, after screening, only 5 were identified as relevant. Conclusions. An elevated parathyroid hormone level and echogenic contracted kidneys on bedside ultrasound in the Emergency department can help differentiate acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. This differentiation helps decide need for admission as well as further management. Although iPTH level may also rise in acute kidney injury, the value (2.5 times normal) can discriminate it from chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Role of socioeconomic disparities in incidence and mortality of chronic kidney disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 1847
Author(s):  
Mahdi Mohammadian ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Fatemeh Allah Bakeshei ◽  
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Incidence Of Ckd ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem known as one of the most important factors for premature death (Coresh et al., 2007; Martins et al., 2012). The disparity in the distribution of CKD is due to the socio-economic factors, gender, ethnicity and race at the global level (Norris and Nissenson, 2008; Norris and Agodoa, 2005). Roles of socio-economic conditions have been recently taken into account as a key factor in the pathway of CKD creation and expansion (Bruce et al., 2009; Nicholas et al., 2015). Several studies worldwide investigated a strong relationship between socioeconomic status and incidence of CKD complications (Crews et al., 2012; Jurkovitz et al., 2012; Saab et al., 2012).

scholarly journals Use of Lipid-Modifying Agents for the Treatment of Glomerular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 820
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Ge ◽  
Sandra Merscher ◽  
Alessia Fornoni
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Lipid Modifying Agents ◽  
Made In

Although dyslipidemia is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), it is more common in nephrotic syndrome (NS), and guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia in NS are largely opinion-based. In addition to the role of circulating lipids, an increasing number of studies suggest that intrarenal lipids contribute to the progression of glomerular diseases, indicating that proteinuric kidney diseases may be a form of “fatty kidney disease” and that reducing intracellular lipids could represent a new therapeutic approach to slow the progression of CKD. In this review, we summarize recent progress made in the utilization of lipid-modifying agents to lower renal parenchymal lipid accumulation and to prevent or reduce kidney injury. The agents mentioned in this review are categorized according to their specific targets, but they may also regulate other lipid-relevant pathways.

Cardiorenal Protection With the Newer Antidiabetic Agents in Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janani Rangaswami ◽  
Vivek Bhalla ◽  
Ian H. de Boer ◽  
Alexander Staruschenko ◽  
Johanna A. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
End Stage Kidney Disease ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Scientific Statement ◽  
End Stage

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health problem, resulting in significant cardiovascular and kidney adverse outcomes worldwide. Despite the widespread use of standard-of-care therapies for CKD with T2D over the past few decades, rates of progression to end-stage kidney disease remain high with no beneficial impact on its accompanying burden of cardiovascular disease. The advent of the newer classes of antihyperglycemic agents, including SGLT2 (sodium glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors and GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) receptor agonists, has changed the landscape of therapeutic options for patients with CKD with T2D, with demonstration of significant reductions in cardiovascular adverse events and progression to end-stage kidney disease. Several potential mechanisms exist through which these beneficial effects are achieved in both drug classes, which may be independent of their antihyperglycemic effects. This scientific statement summarizes the current literature on the cardiorenal protective effects with SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with CKD and T2D. It reviews potential mechanistic pathways that may drive these benefits and summarizes the literature on adverse effects in patients with CKD and T2D at risk for or with established cardiovascular disease. Last, it provides practical guidance on a proposed collaborative care model bridging cardiologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, and primary care physicians to facilitate the prompt and appropriate integration of these therapeutic classes in the management of patients with T2D and CKD.

scholarly journals Acute kidney injury pathology and pathophysiology: a retrospective review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph P Gaut ◽  
Helen Liapis
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Biopsy ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Patient Management ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Underlying Pathology

Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the clinical term used for decline or loss of renal function. It is associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and high morbidity and mortality. However, not all causes of AKI lead to severe consequences and some are reversible. The underlying pathology can be a guide for treatment and assessment of prognosis. The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes guidelines recommend that the cause of AKI should be identified if possible. Renal biopsy can distinguish specific AKI entities and assist in patient management. This review aims to show the pathology of AKI, including glomerular and tubular diseases.

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