Electromagnetic Fields Effects on the Secondary Structure of Lysozyme and Bioprotective Effectiveness of Trehalose

FTIR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of extremely low frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field and of microwaves at 900 MHz on the secondary structure of a typical protein, the lysozyme, evaluating the bioprotective effectiveness of trehalose. Lysozyme in D2O solution (60 mg/ml) was exposed to 50 Hz frequency electromagnetic field at 180 μT. The FTIR spectra indicated an increase of CH2 group at 1921 and 1853 cm−1 after 3 h of exposure. Such effect was not observed after the addition of trehalose (150 mg/mL) at the same exposure conditions. Lysozyme dissolved in D2O at the concentration of 100 mg/mL was exposed up to 4 h to 900 MHz mobile phone microwaves at 25 mA/m. A significant increase in intensity of the amide I vibration band in the secondary structure of the protein was observed after 4 h exposure to microwaves. This effect was inhibited by the presence of trehalose at the concentration of 150 mg/mL. Fourier self-deconvolution spectral analysis of lysozyme in D2O solution after exposure to microwaves revealed an increase in intensity of the conformational components of amide I mode, particularly of β-sheet and turn that can be attributed to disorder and unfolding processes of the protein.

Download Full-text

Human Gingival Fibroblasts Exposed to Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields: In Vitro Model of Wound-Healing Improvement

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20092108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2108 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Erica Costantini ◽

Bruna Sinjari ◽

Chiara D’Angelo ◽

Giovanna Murmura ◽

Marcella Reale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Healing Process ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Gingival Fibroblasts ◽

Field Exposure ◽

Extremely Low Frequency

Several clinical studies have suggested the impact of sinusoidal and pulsed electromagnetic fields in quickening wound repair processes and tissue regeneration. The clinical use of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields could represent a novel frontier in tissue repair and oral health, with an interesting clinical perspective. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of an extremely low-frequency sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) and an extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) with flux densities of 1 mT on a model of oral healing process using gingival fibroblasts. An in vitro mechanical injury was produced to evaluate wound healing, migration, viability, metabolism, and the expression of selected cytokines and protease genes in fibroblasts exposed to or not exposed to the SEMF and the PEMF. Interleukin 6 (IL-6), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β), metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) are involved in wound healing and tissue regeneration, favoring fibroblast proliferation, chemotaxis, and activation. Our results show that the exposure to each type of electromagnetic field increases the early expression of IL-6, TGF-β, and iNOS, driving a shift from an inflammatory to a proliferative phase of wound repair. Additionally, a later induction of MMP-2, MCP-1, and HO-1 was observed after electromagnetic field exposure, which quickened the wound-healing process. Moreover, electromagnetic field exposure influenced the proliferation, migration, and metabolism of human gingival fibroblasts compared to sham-exposed cells. This study suggests that exposure to SEMF and PEMF could be an interesting new non-invasive treatment option for wound healing. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate the best exposure conditions to provide the desired in vivo treatment efficacy.

Download Full-text

Evaluations of the Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Growth and Antibiotic Susceptibility ofEscherichia coliandPseudomonas aeruginosa

International Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2012/587293 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. Segatore ◽

D. Setacci ◽

F. Bennato ◽

R. Cardigno ◽

G. Amicosante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Control Groups ◽

E Coli ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Number Of Cells

We aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (2 mT; 50 Hz) on the growth rate and antibiotic sensitivity ofE. coliATCC 25922 andP. aeruginosaATCC 27853. The electromagnetic field treatment significantly influenced the growth rate of both strains when incubated in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of kanamycin (1 μg/mL) and amikacin (0.5 μg/mL), respectively. In particular, at 4, 6, and 8 h of incubation the number of cells was significantly decreased in bacteria exposed to electromagnetic field when compared with the control. Additionally, at 24 h of incubation, the percentage of cells increased (P. aeruginosa∼42%;E. coli∼5%) in treated groups with respect to control groups suggesting a progressive adaptive response. By contrast, no remarkable differences were found in the antibiotic susceptibility and on the growth rate of both bacteria comparing exposed groups with control groups.

Download Full-text

Intensity of Extremely Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields Produced in Operating Rooms during Surgery at the Standing Position of Anesthesiologists

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0b013e3181a9188b ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 111 (2) ◽

pp. 275-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jang Ho Roh ◽

Deok Won Kim ◽

Sung Jin Lee ◽

Ji Young Kim ◽

Sung Won Na ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Operating Room ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Standing Position ◽

Operating Rooms ◽

Operating Room Personnel ◽

Sample Number ◽

Extremely Low Frequency

Background Numerous electronic devices have been introduced into operating rooms. Although little is known about the relationship between exposure to electromagnetic fields and health hazards, several studies have demonstrated causal relationships between electromagnetic fields exposure and various symptoms, cancers, and other diseases. Methods This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. The intensity of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields was measured during surgery with the extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field strength measurement system at the standing position of anesthesiologists in 18 operating rooms and analyzed with EMDEX analysis and graphical program (EMCALC 95; ENERTECH, Campbell, CA). Results The average measurement duration per operating room per day was 7.41 +/- 0.70 h (mean +/- SD). The average sample number of measurements was 888.11 +/- 82.75 per operating room. The average magnetic field was 5.83 +/- 5.23 milliGuass (mG) (range, 0.10-33.80 mG), with 70% of these levels 2 mG or greater. Conclusions The authors' results indicate that anesthesiologists in operating rooms are exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field levels that exceed magnetic field intensity of 2 mG recommended by the Swedish Board for Technical Accreditation for production by computer monitors and detected 30 cm from them. It currently is not clear if this exposure has health effects on anesthesiologists and other operating room personnel.

Download Full-text

Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disorders

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/1721727x1201000302 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 257-267

Author(s):

C. Corallo ◽

M. Rigato ◽

E. Battisti ◽

A. Albanese ◽

S. Gonnelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Experimental Point ◽

Therapeutic Application ◽

Extremely Low Frequency ◽

Positive Effects

Different studies have demonstrated the efficacy of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF EMFs) in the treatment of pain. In particular, the positive effects of ELF EMFs seems to depend on their respective codes, such as frequency, intensity and waveform, even if the exact mechanism of interaction is still debated. The most commonly used for extremely low frequency magnetotherapy is a 100Hz sinusoidal field (ELF) with a mean of induction of few Gauss. This article reviews the therapeutic application of a musically modulated electromagnetic field (TAMMEF), a new-generation of electromagnetic field used for extremely low frequency magnetotherapy characterized by variable frequencies, intensities and waveforms. Both clinical and experimental studies, performed by authors of the present review, have demonstrated the efficacy of ELF and the new TAMMEF systems in several musculoskeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, shoulder periarthritis and cervical spondylosis. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that ELF and TAMMEF systems are not only effective, but also safe, from clinical and experimental point of view. In fact, clinical trials did not reported any undesired side effect, while in vitro studies showed that ELF EMFs did not induce uncontrolled cell proliferation, did not affect cell viability and did not induce apoptosis. With their efficacy and safety, ELF and even more the new TAMMEF systems represent a valid complementary or alternative treatment to standard pharmacological therapies in reducing both pain and inflammation of patients affected by musculoskeletal disorders.

Download Full-text

Alterations in Adenylate Kinase Activity in Human PBMCs after In Vitro Exposure to Electromagnetic Field: Comparison between Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (ELF) and Therapeutic Application of a Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Field (TAMMEF)

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2009/717941 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2009 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Antonietta Albanese ◽

Emilio Battisti ◽

Daniela Vannoni ◽

Emilia Aceto ◽

Gianmichele Galassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Electromagnetic Fields ◽

Adenylate Kinase ◽

Kinase Activity ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Purine Metabolism ◽

Electrical Charge ◽

Therapeutic Application ◽

Extremely Low Frequency

This study investigated the effects of electromagnetic fields on enzymes involved in purine metabolism in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro. Cells were obtained from 20 volunteers. We tested both low-energy, extremely low frequency (ELF; 100-Hz) electromagnetic fields and the Therapeutic Application of Musically Modulated Electromagnetic Fields (TAMMEFs); the latter is characterized by variable frequencies, intensities, and wave shapes. Adenylate kinase activity was increased after ELF field exposure but decreased slightly after TAMMEF exposure. Neither of the two electromagnetic field affected the activities of the purine metabolism enzymes ecto-5′-nucleotidase, adenosine deaminase, and adenosine kinase. We concluded that ELF fields may influence cellular electrical charge stability; stimulation of adenylate kinase activity could restore the cell to a state of equilibrium. In contrast, TAMMEF fields may be useful for maintaining and regulating the cellular electrical charge.

Download Full-text