scholarly journals Compost and Crude Humic Substances Produced from Selected Wastes and Their Effects onZea maysL. Nutrient Uptake and Growth

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perumal Palanivell ◽  
Kasim Susilawati ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Nik Muhamad Majid
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Maize Cultivation

Production of agriculture and timber commodities leads generation of enormous quantity of wastes. Improper disposal of these agroindustrial wastes pollutes the environment. This problem could be reduced by adding value to them. Therefore, a study was carried out to analyse and compare the nutrients content of RS, RH, SD, and EFB of composts and crude humic substances; furthermore, their effect on growth, dry matter production, and nutrient uptake forZea maysL., and selected soil chemical properties were evaluated. Standard procedures were used to analyze humic acids (HA), crude fulvic acids (CFA), crude humin (CH), soil, dry matter production and nutrient uptake. Sawdust and RS compost matured at 42 and 47 days, respectively, while RH and EFB composts were less matured at 49th day of composting. Rice straw compost had higher ash, N, P, CEC, HA, K, and Fe contents with lower organic matter, total organic carbon, and C/N and C/P ratios. The HA of sawdust compost showed higher carbon, carboxylic, K, and Ca contents compared to those of RS, RH, and EFB. Crude FA of RS compost showed highest pH, total K, Ca, Mg, and Na contents. Crude humin from RS compost had higher contents of ash, N, P, and CEC. Rice straw was superior in compost, CFA, and CH, while sawdust compost was superior in HA. Application of sawdust compost significantly increased maize plants’ diameter, height, dry matter production, N, P, and cations uptake. It also reduced N, P, and K based chemical fertilizer use by 90%. Application of CH and the composts evaluated in this study could be used as an alternative for chemical fertilizers in maize cultivation.

scholarly journals Effect of K-N-Humates on Dry Matter Production and Nutrient Use Efficiency of Maize in Sarawak, Malaysia

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 1282-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Auldry Chaddy Petrus ◽  
Osumanu Haruna Ahmed ◽  
Ab Majid Nik Muhamad ◽  
Hassan Mohammad Nasir ◽  
Make Jiwan
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Use Efficiency

Agricultural waste, such as sago waste (SW), is one of the sources of pollution to streams and rivers in Sarawak, particularly those situated near sago processing plants. In addition, unbalanced and excessive use of chemical fertilizers can cause soil and water pollution. Humic substances can be used as organic fertilizers, which reduce pollution. The objectives of this study were to produce K- and ammonium-based organic fertilizer from composted SW and to determine the efficiency of the organic-based fertilizer produced. Humic substances were isolated using standard procedures. Liquid fertilizers were formulated except for T2 (NPK fertilizer), which was in solid form. There were six treatments with three replications. Organic fertilizers were applied to soil in pots on the 10th day after sowing (DAS), but on the 28th DAS, only plants of T2 were fertilized. The plant samples were harvested on the 57th DAS during the tassel stage. The dry matter of plant parts (leaves, stems, and roots) were determined and analyzed for N, P, and K using standard procedures. Soil of every treatment was also analyzed for exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Na, organic matter, organic carbon, available P, pH, total N, P, nitrate and ammonium contents using standard procedures. Treatments with humin (T5 and T6) showed remarkable results on dry matter production; N, P, and K contents; their uptake; as well as their use efficiency by maize. The inclusion of humin might have loosened the soil and increased the soil porosity, hence the better growth of the plants. Humin plus inorganic fertilizer provided additional nutrients for the plants. The addition of inorganic fertilizer into compost is a combination of quick and slow release sources, which supplies N throughout the crop growth period. Common fertilization by surface application of T2 without any additives (acidic and high CEC materials) causes N and K to be easily lost. High Ca in the soil may have reacted with phosphate from fertilizer to form Ca phosphate, an insoluble compound of phosphate that is generally not available to plants, especially roots. Mixing soil with humin produced from composted SW before application of fertilizers (T5 and T6) significantly increased maize dry matter production and nutrient use efficiency. Additionally, this practice does not only improve N, P, and K use efficiency, but it also helps to reduce the use of N-, P-, and K-based fertilizers by 50%.

Effects of soil properties on variation in growth, grain yield and nutrient concentration of wheat and barley

2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Matter Production

High spatial and temporal variability is an inherent feature of dryland cereal crops over much of the southern cereal zone. The potential limitations to crop growth and yield of the chemical properties of the subsoils in the region have been long recognised, but there is still an incomplete understanding of the relative importance of different traits and how they interact to affect grain yield. Measurements were taken in a paddock at the Minnipa Agriculture Centre, Upper Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, to describe the effects of properties in the topsoil and subsoil on plant dry matter production, grain yield and plant nutrient concentrations in two consecutive years. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Worrakatta) was grown in the first year and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Barque) in the second. All soil properties except pH showed a high degree of spatial variability. Variability in plant nutrient concentration, plant growth and grain yield was also high, but less than that of most of the soil properties. Variation in grain yield was more closely related to variation in dry matter at maturity and in harvest index than to dry matter production at tillering and anthesis. Soil properties had a stronger relationship with dry matter production and grain yield in 1999, the drier of the two years. Colwell phosphorus concentration in the topsoil (0–0.15 m) was positively correlated with dry matter production at tillering but was not related to dry matter production at anthesis or with grain yield. Subsoil pH, extractable boron concentration and electrical conductivity (EC) were closely related. The importance of EC and soil extractable boron to grain yield variation increased with depth, but EC had a greater influence than the other soil properties. In a year with above-average rainfall, very little of the variation in yield could be described by any of the measured soil variables. The results suggest that variation in EC was more important to describing variation in yield than variation in pH, extractable boron or other chemical properties.

scholarly journals Nutrient uptake and dry matter yield in the ‘Gunung’ yam (Dioscorea alata) grown on an Ultisol without vine support

1969 ◽  
Vol 79 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Héber Irizarry ◽  
Ricardo Goenaga ◽  
Ulises Chardón
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Dioscorea Alata ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
A Minor

Two experiments were established 1 May through 1 December 1991 and 1992 to determine the monthly nutrient uptake and dry matter production of the 'Gunung' yam (Dioscorea alata) grown on an Ultisol. During the first year the plants were fertilized with 0; 667; 1,333; 2,000 and 2,667 kg/ha of a 15-5- 15-5 (N, P2O5, K2O and MgO) fertilizer supplemented with a minor element mixture. No fertilizer was applied the second year. Biomass harvests were conducted at 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 months after planting. At each harvest, the plants were dug-up and separated into leaf-laminas, vine and petioles, roots and tubers. Fresh and oven-dry weights of the plant components were determined and samples from each were analyzed for N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Regardless of the year, tuber dry matter yield was not significantly affected by the fertilizer treatment. Maximum nutrient uptakes were 214 kg/ha of N, 19 kg/ha of P, 223 kg/ha of K, 95 kg/ha of Ca and 9 kg/ha of Mg. Nitrogen, K and Ca uptake peaks occurred about five months after planting. Maximum dry matter production was 11,303 kg/ha, 8,672 kg/ha of which was tuber dry weight. The dry matter production peak occurred at the completion of the 7-month cropping cycle. The plants utilized 24.7 kg/ha of N, 2.2 kg/ha of P, 25.7 kg/ha of K, 11.0 kg/ha of Ca and 1.0 kg/ha of Mg, for every 1,000 kg/ha of edible dry matter produced.

Dry Matter Production, Nutrient Uptake and Yield of Rice Crop Influenced by Previous Season Sesame Crop

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 704-711
Author(s):  
L. Gurusamy ◽  
K. Omar Hattab ◽  
N. Gunasekhar ◽  
P.S. Vijayakuma ◽  
V.B. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Previous Season

scholarly journals Biyokömür ve Kadmiyum Uygulamalarının Mısır Bitkisinin Verimine ve Besin Elementleri Alımına Etkileri

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (sp2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ahmet Demirbaş ◽  
Ali Coşkan
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Maize Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Different Doses

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of biochar (BC) and cadmium (Cd) on the yield and nutrient uptake of maize plant. It was carried out in 3 replications of 3 kg pots under greenhouse conditions. In the study, biochar (0% and 2% w/w) which is attained from rosehip seed and 4 different Cd doses (0 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg) were applied. In the research, P2088 maize species was used and harvested approximately 60 days after sowing and shoot dry matter production, Cd, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu) concentrations were determined of maize plant. According to the results, the highest dry matter production was obtained with 27.52 g/pot in 2% BC and 4 mg/kg Cd application. However, in the research, dry matter production decreased with increasing Cd application in 0% BC application, whereas all Cd applications increased dry matter production in 2% BC application compared to control. The highest concentrations of P and K (0.39% P and 2.54% K) were determined in 0% BC and 2 mg/kg Cd, 2% BC and 0 mg/kg Cd applications whereas the highest N concentration of maize plant was determined in 2% BC and 0 mg / kg Cd application with 2.23% N.

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