scholarly journals Role of Sugar and Sugar Substitutes in Dental Caries: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prahlad Gupta ◽  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Atish Prakash Pawar ◽  
Smita Shrishail Birajdar ◽  
Amanpreet Singh Natt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

Dental caries is a chronic disease which can affect us at any age. The term “caries” denotes both the disease process and its consequences, that is, the damage caused by the disease process. Dental caries has a multifactorial aetiology in which there is interplay of three principal factors: the host (saliva and teeth), the microflora (plaque), and the substrate (diet), and a fourth factor: time. The role of sugar (and other fermentable carbohydrates such as highly refined flour) as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries is overwhelming. Whether this initial demineralization proceeds to clinically detectable caries or whether the lesion is remineralized by plaque minerals depends on a number of factors, of which the amount and frequency of further sugars consumption are of utmost importance. This paper reviews the role of sugar and sugar substitutes in dental caries.

scholarly journals Sugar substitutes and dental health

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Sugar Substitutes ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
Sweetening Agents ◽  
Day By Day

Sugar is one of the most widely consumed sweetening agents. Unfortunately, its use has been linked to various disease states, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM) and dental caries. Dental caries is a chronic disease which can affect us at any age. The role of sugar (and other fermentable carbohydrates such as highly refined flour) as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of dental caries is increasing day by day. Sugar substitutes are food additives that provide a sweet taste more or less similar to that of sugar and plays important role in control of dental caries.

Compartment model approaches for estimating the parameters of a chronic disease process under changing risk factor exposures

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Manton ◽  
Eric Stallard ◽  
John P. Creason ◽  
Wilson B. Riggan ◽  
Max A. Woodbury
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Compartment Model

Biological factors in dental caries: role of remineralization and fluoride in the dynamic process of demineralization and remineralization (part 3)

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hicks ◽  
Franklin Garcia-Godoy ◽  
Catherine Flaitz
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Tooth Structure ◽  
Low Levels

Dental caries is a complex disease process that afflicts a large proportion of the world, regardless of gender, age and ethnicity, although it does tend to affect more with a low socioeconomic status to a greater extent. Remineralization may be enhanced by providing low levels of calcium and phosphate, in conjunction with minimal amounts of fluoride. It is truly remarkable the difference that a very small amount of fluoride (<1ppm) has upon demineralization and remineralization. This is because fluoride acts as a catalyst and influences reaction rates with dissolution and transformation of various calcium phosphate mineral phases within tooth structure and resident within plaque adjacent to tooth surfaces. The incorporation of minimal amounts of fluoride into HAP yields FHAP that resists demineralization to similar level as FAP. New and emerging methods have been and are in the process of being developed. These hold great promise for preventing and reversing caries, especially in the one-fifth of the population that accounts for two-thirds of the caries experience. Still, the mainstay in caries prevention and remineralization is frequent exposure to low levels of fluoride. This may be accomplished with fluoridated toothpastes, supplemented with fluoride mouthrinses,CPP-ACP containing chewing gum and application of fluoride varnishes.The role of systemic fluorides appears to be limited and primarily has a topical effect.

METHODOLOGY OF PLAYING ACTIVITY IN REHABILITATION PRACTICE

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 2543-2548
Author(s):  
Petya Kasnakova
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Movement Skills ◽  
Movement Training ◽  
Motor Movement

The games play a special role in rehabilitation practice. The positive emotions they cause in patients cannot be achieved by other methods and means of modern rehabilitation. The role of game playing activity in practice is crucial to the achievement of one of the important tasks in implementing rehabilitation measures, namely to evacuate the patient from the depressed mental state, to distract him from the disease process and to focus on mobilizing his healing powers. The mood, the emotional charge and the dynamics that the games create are particularly suited to awakening the patient's interest in the healing process, their attraction and their active involvement in the rehabilitation activities. The connection between the actions in the game and the movements in the analytical exercises accelerates the formation of motor habits, physical qualities and skills not only in children but also in adult patients with various pathological injuries. Rehabilitation games are suitable for all ages by enhancing the health of the occupants, developing their mental qualities, improving the activity of the vestibular, visual and motor analyzers. The basis of the motor movement training game methodology and the improvement of motor movement skills is the activation of the thought processes and emotional experiences, the development of the functions of the musculoskeletal system, the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system.

COVID-19 and Comorbidities: is Inflammation the Underlying Condition in Children? A narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Pinna ◽  
Lavinia Sanfilippo ◽  
Pier Paolo Bassareo ◽  
Vassilios Fanos ◽  
Maria Antonietta Marcialis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Underlying Condition ◽  
Pathogenic Mechanisms ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Potential Link

: This paper examines the potential link between COVID-19 and the presence of comorbidities and assesses the role of inflammation in this correlation. In COVID-19 patients, the most frequently associated diseases share a pathogenic inflammatory basis and apparently act as a risk factor in the onset of a more severe form of the disease, particularly in adulthood. However, in children, the understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms is often complicated by the milder symptoms presented. A series of theories have therefore been put forward with a view of providing a better understanding of the role played by inflammation in this dramatic setting. All evidence available to date on this topic is discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Reconstitution in Proteoliposomes of the Recombinant Human Riboflavin Transporter 2 (SLC52A2) Overexpressed in E. coli

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Console ◽  
Maria Tolomeo ◽  
Matilde Colella ◽  
Maria Barile ◽  
Cesare Indiveri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Native Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Riboflavin Transport

Background: the SLC52A2 gene encodes for the riboflavin transporter 2 (RFVT2). This transporter is ubiquitously expressed. It mediates the transport of Riboflavin across cell membranes. Riboflavin plays a crucial role in cells since its biologically active forms, FMN and FAD, are essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and lipids. Mutation of the Riboflavin transporters is a risk factor for anemia, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration. Inborn mutations of SLC52A2 are associated with Brown-Vialetto-van Laere syndrome, a rare neurological disorder characterized by infancy onset. In spite of the important metabolic and physio/pathological role of this transporter few data are available on its function and regulation. Methods: the human recombinant RFVT2 has been overexpressed in E. coli, purified and reconstituted into proteoliposomes in order to characterize its activity following the [3H]Riboflavin transport. Results: the recombinant hRFVT2 showed a Km of 0.26 ± 0.07 µM and was inhibited by lumiflavin, FMN and Mg2+. The Riboflavin uptake was also regulated by Ca2+. The native protein extracted from fibroblast and reconstituted in proteoliposomes also showed inhibition by FMN and lumiflavin. Conclusions: proteoliposomes represent a suitable model to assay the RFVT2 function. It will be useful for screening the mutation of RFVT2.

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